Smarta textilier och e-textilier har, sedan de först började forskas på, haft ett potentiellt användningsområde inom sjukvården, för att användas inom långtidsövervakning av sjuka. Det största hindret som har upptäckts är, förutom att det finns vissa svårigheter med stabiliteten på signalerna från textilierna och att signalerna kan störas av brus, är att de har varit svåra att tvätta. De elektriskt ledande materialen har antagits förstörda av värmen, kemikalierna och det mekaniska arbetet från tvätten. Den här studien fokuserar på hur ledningsbanorna reagerar över lag på tvätt, och om det finns något samband mellan de olika mätmetoderna. Denna rapport testar två olika bindningar för att tillverka en stickad elektrisk ledningsbana, där en ledningsbana ligger exponerad och en ligger isolerad i bakgrundstyget. Flera olika bredder på ledningsbanan tillverkas för att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad mellan dem. Genom att testa resistansen på ledningsbanan, kontaktimpedansen mellan hud och elektrod, och böjstyvheten på fibrerna från det ledande garnet med hjälp av en FAVIMAT+ från TexTechno innan någon tvätt hade utförts, och sedan var femte tvätt upp till 30 tvättar, kan förändringen följas över en längre tid. Med de resultat som samlades in utfördes en ANOVA för varje mätmetod. Sedan utfördes flera korrelationstester, däribland SpearmanRho tester och även ett program för att anpassa en kurva till mätvärdena användes. De resultat som studien kom fram till pekar på att det inte finns något samband mellan ökningen av resistans och ökningen av kontaktimpedans. Resultaten från böjstyvheten var för brusiga för att några slutsatser skulle kunna dras. Det visar sig även att en bredare ledningsbana, och den bindning som isolerade ledningsbanan presterade bättre och hade en mindre ökning över tid än vad de smalare och exponerade ledningsbanorna hade. / Smart textiles and e-textiles have since they first started being researched had a potential to be used in the medical field to monitor sick people over a longer time. The biggest obstacle for the implementation of the smart textiles, except for the difficulty in getting a stable and clean signal, is the conductive yarns inability to handle being washed. The conductive yarn is thought to lose its conductivity due to the heat, chemicals and mechanical work it is exposed to during the wash. The focus of this study is how the conductive tracks react to washing, and if there is any correlation between the different methods of measuring. This report will test two different patterns for creating a knitted conductive track, one where the track will be exposed on the surface of the fabric, and one where it will be isolated between layers of the fabric. Different widths of the track will be tested to see if there is any difference between them. By measuring the resistance of the conductive track, the contact impedance between the skin and electrode and the bending stiffness of the fibers of the conductive yarn before any washes had been carried out, and then after every fifth wash, up to 30 washes, it was possible to track the changes over a longer period. With the results that were collected, an ANOVA was carried out for each of the testing methods. Thereafter several correlation tests were carried out, among others a SpearmanRho and a program that tried to fit a curve to the data points. The results that the study concluded were that there was no correlation between the increase in resistance and the increase of the contact impedance. The results from the bending stiffness were too inconclusive for any conclusions to be made. It also showed that a wider track and the pattern that isolated the track performed better than the thinner tracks and the pattern that exposed the track. The wider isolated track had lower increase of resistance over time that the thin exposed tracks had.

This study examines the relationship between atomic energy production and community identity in Richland, Washington. Over the past fifty years, the identity of southeastern Washington has been intimately tied to production and industry at the Hanford Site. Today, however, environmental restoration and waste management programs have replaced plutonium production. The decline of the nuclear industry has influenced reinterpretations of local history and community identity through public display, commodity goods, and the re-scripting of historical texts. / Department of Anthropology

Background: Antenatal care (ANC), facility delivery and postnatal care (PNC), are proven to reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity in high burden settings. However, few rural pregnant women use these services sufficiently and it is essential to identify the barriers. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine barriers, with a focus on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), affecting women’s decision to seek care during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period in rural Kenya, and to examine if the Afya intervention helped overcome barriers. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the Siaya County, Kenya. 25 mothers were selected by using purposive sampling for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Assessment of WASH facilities was conducted at 5 healthcare facilities. Data were analysed by content analysis method. The “three delay model” informed the analytic process and discussion. Results: Women delayed seeking or did not attend ANC and PNC or gave birth at home, due to lack of knowledge of benefits of maternal health services and on complications; traditional and religious beliefs; embarrassed over pregnancy; busy with other life activities or of fear of HIV status and hospitals. Gender norms, distance and transport costs were the contributing factor for delaying in reaching the hospital. Unprofessional and inadequate number of staff, lack of equipment and supplies, and the water, sanitation and hygiene quality were factors delaying receiving quality care. The assessment showed on inadequate WASH facilities. Conclusion: Use of antenatal care, delivery and postnatal care in rural western Kenya is influenced by several barriers. The findings suggest a need to increase the knowledge about ANC and PNC, and to lower barriers preventing women from reaching the healthcare facility. There is also a need to improve the WASH facilities and the healthcare personnel’s treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdjaneFBS_TESE.pdf: 3916289 bytes, checksum: c86ba6653bacd96524384f5ddbd3741b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Nanostructured materials have been spreading successfully over past years due its size and unusual properties, resulting in an exponential growth of research activities devoted to nanoscience and nanotechnology, which has stimulated the search for different methods to control main properties of nanomaterials and make them suitable for applications with high added value. In the late 90 s an alternative and low cost method was proposed from alkaline hydrothermal synthesis of nanotubes. Based on this context, the objective of this work was to prepare different materials based on TiO2 anatase using hydrothermal synthesis method proposed by Kasuga and submit them to an acid wash treatment, in order to check the structural behavior of final samples. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), adsorption/desorption of N2, thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and various spectroscopic methods such as absorption spectroscopy in the infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All the information of characterizations confirmed the complete conversion of anatase TiO2 in nanotubes titanates (TTNT). Observing the influence of acid washing treatment in titanates structure, it was concluded that the nanotubes are formed during heat treatment, the sample which was not subjected to this process also achieved a complete phase transformation, as showed in crystallography and morphology results, however the surface area of them practically doubled after the acid washing. By spectroscopy was performed a discussion about chemical composition of these titanates, obtaining relevant results. Finally, it was observed that the products obtained in this work are potential materials for various applications in adsorption, catalysis and photocatalysis, showing great promise in CO2 capture / Materiais nanoestruturados t?m se difundido com sucesso ao longo dos ?ltimos anos, isso devido ao seu tamanho e propriedades incomuns, resultando em um crescimento exponencial das atividades de investiga??o dedicadas ? nanoci?ncia e nanotecnologia, o que tem estimulado a procura por diferentes m?todos que possam controlar as principais propriedades dos nanomateriais a fim de adequ?-los para aplica??es de alto valor agregado. No final da d?cada de 90 um m?todo alternativo e de baixo custo foi proposto a partir da s?ntese hidrot?rmica alcalina de nanotubos. Baseando-se nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar diferentes materiais ? base de TiO2 anatase utilizando o m?todo de s?ntese hidrot?rmica proposto por Kasuga e submet?-los em seguida a um tratamento de lavagem ?cida, com o prop?sito de verificar o comportamento estrutural das amostras finais. Essas foram caracterizadas por difratometria de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletr?nica de transmiss?o (MET), adsor??o/dessor??o de N2, an?lise t?rmica (ATG/ATD) e diferentes m?todos espectrosc?picos como, espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho (FT-IR), espectroscopia Raman e espectroscopia fotoeletr?nica de raios X (XPS). O conjunto de caracteriza??es se complementou, confirmando a transforma??o completa do TiO2 anatase de partida em titanatos nanotubulares (TTNT). Ao observar a influ?ncia que o tratamento de lavagem ?cida exerce na estrutura do mesmo, conclui-se que os nanotubos s?o formados durante o tratamento t?rmico, pois a amostra que n?o foi submetida ao processo tamb?m alcan?ou uma transforma??o completa de fase, conforme os resultados de cristalografia e morfologia, entretanto a ?rea espec?fica deles ? praticamente dobrada ap?s a lavagem ?cida. Por espectroscopia foi realizada uma minusiosa discuss?o acerca da composi??o qu?mica desses titanatos, obtendo resultados relevantes. Por fim, ressalta-se que os produtos obtidos nesse trabalho s?o materiais com potencial para diferentes aplica??es em adsor??o, cat?lise e fotocat?lise, se mostrando promissores na captura do CO2

There is growing awareness of the importance of public outreach in archaeology. Many professional archaeologists argue that in order to ensure continued funding we must communicate the relevance of our discipline to the public in a more effective manner. Furthermore, it is often argued that public outreach and education provides perhaps the only reliable defense against looting and rampant psuedoarchaeology. Current outreach activities, however, tend to focus on what archaeologists have discovered about the past. While this type of outreach is important, a more effective model for public outreach would focus on the methods of archaeology, rather than the results. Archaeology, with its focus on multiple lines of evidence, intertwining of the sciences and humanities, and multi-cultural perspective provides a unique model for addressing and answering questions, a model which could serve as a base for education. Promoting the methods of archaeology as an educational model, or at the very least, remembering the methods in our outreach activities, may be, in the long run, the most effective method for establishing the relevance of our discipline.

On March 22, 1958 David Brower's film Wilderness Alps of Stehekin premiered to an audience of conservationists in Seattle, Washington. Almost two years in the making, the thirty-one minute film advocated the preservation of nature in Washington's North Cascades through the creation of a national park. Over the next decade, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin became the most influential publicity tool in the struggle to preserve the North Cascades. Because of the region's geographic isolation, the film was the first time many people throughout the nation were exposed to the scenic grandeur of the area. Images of craggy peaks and colorful alpine meadows resonated deeply with many Americans and persuaded them to join in the campaign. It was the voice of these citizens that led Congress to pass the North Cascades Act of 1968, which placed 674,000 acres of the North Cascades under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. In this thesis I tell the creation story of North Cascades National Park from a conservationist perspective and trace the influence of Wilderness Alps of Stehekin within this context. Although the film was never shown in movie theaters and never aired on national television, many thousands viewed it from its premiere to the signing of the North Cascades Act. The film first introduced the idea of a North Cascades National Park, and it was important in convincing conservationists to unite around a national park solution. Ultimately, Wilderness Alps of Stehekin changed the approach activists took in the North Cascades and helped to preserve a wild and scenic nature experience for future generations through the protection of old-growth forests and alpine meadows.

Fort Clatsop National Memorial is a unit of the National Park Service in Clatsop County, Oregon. The memorial was established by an Act of Congress in 1958 to commemorate the culmination and 1805-1806 winter encampment of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The memorial centers around a replicated fort structure. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the process of preserving historic sites under the National Park Service (NPS) by examining the history of Fort Clatsop National Memorial. Through this examination it is possible to understand the realities of the national preservation system and the ideals fostered by those involved in the system. The Fort Clatsop site became the subject of folk history in Clatsop County, which culminated in a community movement for national recognition. During the community sponsored l 50th anniversary celebration of the Expedition, local civic groups built the existing fort replica. The management needs of the replica caused the site owner, the Oregon Historical Society (OHS), to actively pursue national recognition. To achieve the creation of a national memorial, OHS and community members enlisted the help of Senator Richard L. Neuberger. Senator Neuberger drafted and successfully sponsored legislation for the creation of the memorial. Since the memorial's creation in '1958, the site has been under the management of the National Park Service (NPS). As a historical, commemorative unit, the NPS is responsible under the 193 5 Historic Sites Act for presenting the history of the Expedition to the public. Such historic interpretation includes the use of costumed demonstrations, exhibits, and other interpretive media. Fort Clatsop also represents the ideals of education and inspiration in NPS interpretive policies. In conclusion, the examination of Fort Clatsop illustrates factors involved in the creation of historic sites within the NPS and how private individuals and Congress affect the selection of historic sites for preservation. While illustrating how the private sector and Congress can decide what historic sites are preserved under the park system, this examination also illustrates how the park system handles those sites placed under its management and how NPS management helps shape public memory.

No abstract available

<p>Abstrakt</p><p>Bakgrund: Länge har man varit medveten om vikten av god hygien och dess inverkan på</p><p>smittspridning. Det mest effektiva sättet att minska postoperativa sårinfektioner (SSI) är att arbeta</p><p>förebyggande och att ha en god hygien. Frekvensen av SSI ökar, och som en del av den förebyggande</p><p>vården ingår den preoperativa förberedelsen. Att inte ha kunskap och stöd till att utföra en sådan</p><p>åtgärd korrekt är en stor brist och kan leda till att patienter drabbas av SSI och därmed ett ökat</p><p>postoperativt lidande.</p><p>Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva vårdpersonalens syn på betydelsen av hygienisk preoperativ</p><p>förberedelse hos ortopedpatienter.</p><p>Metod: Studien genomfördes på ett länssjukhus i mellersta norrland under våren 2008, där alla</p><p>ortopedavdelningar på sjukhuset deltog. En kvalitativ intervjumetod användes med manifest</p><p>innehållsanalys av materialet.</p><p>Resultat: All personal som ingått i studien anser att den hygieniska preoperativa förberedelsen är av</p><p>stor vikt. Trots faktorer som stress, personalbrist och hög arbetsbelastning kände personalen att de</p><p>ville vara noggrann i sitt arbete och göra det bästa för patienten, även genomföra en bra förberedelse</p><p>innan operation. Den största orsaken till att de frångick de skrivna rutinerna var att patienterna hade</p><p>ont, samt vid akuta situationer då det var svårt att planera sitt arbete.</p><p>Diskussion: Trots att personalen visste om förberedelsens betydelse för frekvensen av SSI och att de</p><p>tyckte att riktlinjerna inte förändrats på många år, valde de medvetet att vissa gånger frångå de rutiner</p><p>som finns och de tog inget eget ansvar för att hålla sig uppdaterad kring ny forskning.</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>Background: Long has one been aware about the importance of good hygiene and its effect on</p><p>infection control. The most effective way to decrease surgical site infections (SSI) is to work</p><p>preventive and to have a good hygiene. The frequency of SSI increases and as a part of the preventive</p><p>care the hygienic preoperative preparation is included. To not have knowledge and aids to carrying out</p><p>such a measure correct is a big deficiency and can lead to patients being hit of SSI and with that</p><p>increased postoperative suffering</p><p>Aim: The study's aim was to describe the care personnel's view on the importance of hygiene</p><p>preoperative preparation at orthopaedic patients.</p><p>Method: The study was implemented on a county hospital in the north central part of Sweden during</p><p>the spring of 2008, where all orthopaedic departments on the hospital participated. A qualitative</p><p>interview method was used with a manifest content analysis of the material.</p><p>Results: All personnel as been included in the study were unanimous that hygienic preoperative</p><p>preparation was of big importance. Despite factors like stress, lack of personnel and high workload,</p><p>they wanted to be accurate in their work and do what’s best for the patient. That also implemented a</p><p>good preparation before operation. The major reason to not follow the guidelines where that the</p><p>patients was in acute pain, and in emergency situations when it were impossible to plan its work.</p><p>Discussion: Despite the knowledge about the importance of preparation for the frequency of SSI and</p><p>they thought that the guideline not been changed on many years, they sometimes deliberately chose</p><p>not to follow the guideline. The nurses took no responsibility in order to keep updated around new</p><p>research.</p>

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Länge har man varit medveten om vikten av god hygien och dess inverkan på smittspridning. Det mest effektiva sättet att minska postoperativa sårinfektioner (SSI) är att arbeta förebyggande och att ha en god hygien. Frekvensen av SSI ökar, och som en del av den förebyggande vården ingår den preoperativa förberedelsen. Att inte ha kunskap och stöd till att utföra en sådan åtgärd korrekt är en stor brist och kan leda till att patienter drabbas av SSI och därmed ett ökat postoperativt lidande. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva vårdpersonalens syn på betydelsen av hygienisk preoperativ förberedelse hos ortopedpatienter. Metod: Studien genomfördes på ett länssjukhus i mellersta norrland under våren 2008, där alla ortopedavdelningar på sjukhuset deltog. En kvalitativ intervjumetod användes med manifest innehållsanalys av materialet. Resultat: All personal som ingått i studien anser att den hygieniska preoperativa förberedelsen är av stor vikt. Trots faktorer som stress, personalbrist och hög arbetsbelastning kände personalen att de ville vara noggrann i sitt arbete och göra det bästa för patienten, även genomföra en bra förberedelse innan operation. Den största orsaken till att de frångick de skrivna rutinerna var att patienterna hade ont, samt vid akuta situationer då det var svårt att planera sitt arbete. Diskussion: Trots att personalen visste om förberedelsens betydelse för frekvensen av SSI och att de tyckte att riktlinjerna inte förändrats på många år, valde de medvetet att vissa gånger frångå de rutiner som finns och de tog inget eget ansvar för att hålla sig uppdaterad kring ny forskning. / Abstract Background: Long has one been aware about the importance of good hygiene and its effect on infection control. The most effective way to decrease surgical site infections (SSI) is to work preventive and to have a good hygiene. The frequency of SSI increases and as a part of the preventive care the hygienic preoperative preparation is included. To not have knowledge and aids to carrying out such a measure correct is a big deficiency and can lead to patients being hit of SSI and with that increased postoperative suffering Aim: The study's aim was to describe the care personnel's view on the importance of hygiene preoperative preparation at orthopaedic patients. Method: The study was implemented on a county hospital in the north central part of Sweden during the spring of 2008, where all orthopaedic departments on the hospital participated. A qualitative interview method was used with a manifest content analysis of the material. Results: All personnel as been included in the study were unanimous that hygienic preoperative preparation was of big importance. Despite factors like stress, lack of personnel and high workload, they wanted to be accurate in their work and do what’s best for the patient. That also implemented a good preparation before operation. The major reason to not follow the guidelines where that the patients was in acute pain, and in emergency situations when it were impossible to plan its work. Discussion: Despite the knowledge about the importance of preparation for the frequency of SSI and they thought that the guideline not been changed on many years, they sometimes deliberately chose not to follow the guideline. The nurses took no responsibility in order to keep updated around new research.