Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is a scarcely represented species in Northwest Coast archaeology, but its remains are abundant at Tse-whit-zen, a large, Lower Elwha Klallam village in modern Port Angeles, WA that was occupied over the past 2,800 years. Because sablefish flesh has high nutritional value and it can be easily captured from nearshore waters in its juvenile form, sablefish should have been pursued where it was available. Therefore, the scarcity of sablefish in many Northwest Coast archaeological sites could indicate this species was not abundant in past fisheries. However, current zooarchaeological reports do not contain sufficient information on taphonomic histories, sampling, or zooarchaeological methods to determine whether patterns of sablefish scarcity could actually explained by differential destruction of sablefish remains, sample size effects, screen size effects, or misidentification. In this thesis, I examine how each of these factors may have affected the abundance of sablefish remains in Northwest coast archaeological sites. I evaluate four hypotheses that attribute sablefish representation to zooarchaeological identification methods, screen size, sample size, and post-depositional destruction of fishbone. While I do not explicitly test whether social and ecological factors affect sablefish abundance, sociocultural and environmental variation can be considered likely explanations for the observed patterns of sablefish representation if the other hypotheses are rejected. I test my hypotheses using three scales of archaeological records. First, I reanalyzed six previously analyzed Salish Sea assemblages to assess whether criteria for sablefish identification exist, are valid, and have been applied consistently. Second, I synthesized fishbone data from 35 previously analyzed Northwest Coast assemblages to evaluate the effects of screen size, sample size, and post-depositional destruction on sablefish representation. Finally, I integrate previously unreported fishbone data from the analysis of Tse-whit-zen into the synthesis of previous studies. The Tse-whit-zen materials I report on here represent six discrete time periods in the 1,800-year history of one large area of the site, which encompasses part of a plankhouse, providing a unique opportunity to examine the effects of screening, sample size, and post-depositional destruction at an extremely fine scale. I also use data from the reanalysis of a portion of the Tse-whit-zen fishbone to verify the consistency of sablefish identification for this site. I reject all four hypotheses and conclude that the uneven distribution of sablefish is likely a true reflection of ecological factors, human decision-making, or both factors. Whether sablefish scarcity is related to distributions of sablefish in past environments, or whether humans chose not to pursue sablefish is not known from the current study. Connecting sablefish capture to specific seasons with body-size regression methods may reveal associations between sablefish acquisition and other seasonal fisheries and activities, and help evaluate whether they conflicted with sablefish procurement in some contexts. Although zooarchaeological identification and reporting methods do not appear to account for sablefish scarcity, zooarchaeologists need to include more information about their methods so that the validity of inter-assemblage comparisons can be assessed. Zooarchaeologists maximize the value of their contributions to anthropology, biological sciences, and human ecodynamics when they explicitly report the methods they use to identify animal remains. By reporting the methodological and analytic procedures they used in detail, zooarchaeologists enhance the reader's confidence in their conclusions and provide future researchers with the information that is required to replicate their results. Which elements were recorded, and the criteria that were used to make taxonomic attributions, fundamentally affect the primary faunal data that researchers use. This study is part of a growing interest among zooarchaeologists in data quality assurance and quality control, which constitute a critical part of every large-scale comparative analysis.

Risk is a phenomenon that exist around us and affect us on a daily basis, in one way or another. Hence, it is important to try to make companies constant well-aware of risks. Companies must have a comprehension about occurrence in the area because it is important to ensure the risk that may arise in the industrial vehicle washing. Further, it is important to pay attention to risks that may arise in the industrial vehicle washing. Also, what type of risks the company are highlighted and structured by the employees and if the company’s risk management can be improved and how. The use of the social constructivist perspective has given an understanding of how individuals persuade the risks and why individuals have different perceptions of what is defined as a risk and what is significant about the risk. In industrial vehicle washing, there are many risks that may arise, for example, dying, explosion, fire and fall. The interviews showed that the staff from different departments in a company has different perception of a risk. Why they have other perception of a risk could be because the staff have different tasks, different departments and a lack of documentation of what a risk is. The best way to eliminate the lack of communication, documentation, risk and time is to hire a security manager. The Security managers task is to create a documentation of risks and risk management.  Further, the task is also to create a common understanding of how risks should be interpreted and perform risk analysis for different parts of the company. This way may create a view about what is happening in the company’s aria and also give the company’s nearby an understanding of what is pursued. / Risk är ett fenomen som finns runt omkring oss och är något som påverkar alla människor i vardagen och i arbetslivet på ett eller annat sätt. Därför är det viktigt att öka företagens medvetenhet om hur risker i deras verksamhet påverkar tillvaron i företaget. Viktiga frågor som bör svaras på är vilka risker företaget belyser, och vilka som konstrueras av personalen samt om det går att förbättra företagets riskhantering och i så fall hur. Genom ett socialkonstruktivistiskt förhållningssätt ges en förståelse av hur individer i företaget ser på risker och varför individer har olika uppfattningar om vad som definieras som en risk samt vad risken har för betydelse. Inom industriell fordonstvätt finns det många risker som kan uppstå, exempelvis dödsfall, explosion, brand och fallskador. Genom intervjuer av personal från olika avdelningar på ett företag visade det sig att synen på risk varierade, som bland annat beror på olika arbetsuppgifter, avdelningar och brist på dokumentation av risker. Det mest effektiva sättet att eliminera brist på tid, kommunikation och dokumentation av risker, är att anställa en säkerhetsansvarig. Säkerhetsansvarig har i uppgift att skapa en gemensam dokumentation kring risker och riskhantering, samt att skapa gemensamma begrepp för hur risker ska tolkas och utföra riskanalys för olika delar i företaget. På så sätt kan det skapa en tydlig tråd om vad som sker i verksamheten och ger de närliggande företag en förståelse kring vad som bedrivs.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-26T12:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rayssa Pereira do Nascimento Mendes.pdf: 1005048 bytes, checksum: 95f1d9ed418e3c6a58dacf51908292e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T12:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rayssa Pereira do Nascimento Mendes.pdf: 1005048 bytes, checksum: 95f1d9ed418e3c6a58dacf51908292e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research aims to investigate the relation between Petrobrás and the current political crisis in Brazil. As part of a strategic sector, the state company was the target of uncountable onslaughts in the beginning of Operation Car Wash, what has spotlighted it in front of public opinion, through certain media approaches. The theoretical framework setting this analysis is the propositions of John B. Thompson about the structuring of political scandals, having the reputation of Petrobrás as its core element under dispute. Firstly, we will describe a historical, economic and geopolitical overview of the state company, which demonstrates its importance and, accordingly, potential interests that it awakes in a global scenery whose actors guide their conflicts by the production and trade of petroleum. We will present elements that compose the context of Petrobrás, aiming to illustrate how such a political crisis was significantly viable thanks to the strategic position of the company. It has allowed the construction and legitimation of the Operation Car Wash in front of public opinion, which constitutes the national political crisis scenery of current years. The operation emerges in a very “convenient” moment: 2014, during the global crisis of petroleum. However, nor the international crisis of petroleum or any of those historical events were mentioned by the major media vehicles at that moment. Thus, the methodology of agenda setting and framing of these major media vehicles is fundamental to understand how the political crisis scenery – and the Operation Car Wash – were shaped by a discourse of crisis of Petrobrás. Finally, we will observe some actors involved in the construction of such scandal – and of the crisis, therefore – in order to understand how they articulate (currently and in the past) through the exercise of symbolic power, which is subjective by definition. Despite this subjectivity, these actors – judicial power and major media vehicles – act with a supposed neutrality and objectivity, expressively influencing the political and economic scenery. Such alliance aims to delegitimise the traditional political class, not contributing to a more consistent and effective articulation of the public debate, majorly affecting Petrobrás and Democracy itself at different levels / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre a Petrobrás e a atual crise política no Brasil. Por se tratar de um setor estratégico, a estatal foi alvo de inúmeras ofensivas no início da Operação Lava Jato, o que contribuiu, a partir de determinadas abordagens midiáticas, para que a operação ganhasse destaque perante a opinião pública. Tal análise tem como referencial teórico as proposições de John B. Thompson no que diz respeito à estruturação dos escândalos políticos, tendo a reputação da Petrobrás como elemento central de disputa. Assim, primeiramente, procuraremos descrever um panorama do contexto histórico, econômico e geopolítico da estatal, que demonstra a sua importância e, por consequência, possíveis interesses que desperta,em um cenário global cujos atores têm seus conflitos pautados pela produção e comercialização do petróleo.Apresentaremos elementos que compõem o contexto da Petrobrás, procurando ilustrar como uma crise política de tal dimensão foi grandemente viabilizada pela posição estratégica da empresa, permitindo a construção e legitimação da Operação Lava Jato perante a opinião pública, que comporiam, ao longo dos últimos anos, um cenário de crise política nacional. Aoperação surge em um momento bastante “propício”: o ano de 2014 vivenciou uma crise do petróleo, em âmbito global. No entanto, nem a crise internacional do petróleo ou qualquer desses elementos históricos foram abordados naquele momento pelos jornais de grande circulação brasileiros. Assim, a utilização de aspectos metodológicos das teorias de agendamento e enquadramento para a análise discursiva, observando a atuação de alguns desses veículos midiáticos, é fundamental para um melhor entendimento de como o cenário de crise política – e a Operação Lava Jato – se emolduraram a partir de um discurso de crise da Petrobrás. Por fim, observaremos alguns dos atores envolvidos na construção desse escândalo – e da crise, por extensão-, procurando entender como se articularam e articulam a partir do exercício do poder simbólico, subjetivo por definição. Apesar dessa subjetividade, esses atores –Poder Judiciário e veículos de comunicação em massa - atuam com pretensa neutralidade e objetividade, influenciando grandemente o cenário político e econômico. Tal aliança visa a deslegitimação da classe política tradicional sem contribuir para que o debate público seja articulado de forma consistente e efetiva,de modo que, em diferentes escalas, seus prejuízos acabam por afetar, majoritariamente, a Petrobrás e a própria Democracia

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-22T21:00:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação EMANOELLE PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 6638194 bytes, checksum: d7aa7d2837e9a72171e815ff0dcd4137 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T15:26:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação EMANOELLE PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 6638194 bytes, checksum: d7aa7d2837e9a72171e815ff0dcd4137 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T15:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação EMANOELLE PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 6638194 bytes, checksum: d7aa7d2837e9a72171e815ff0dcd4137 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to quantify the build-up and wash-off pollutants in urban asphalt surfaces, mainly metals and solids, correlating the pollutant load with dry days, traffic load and rainfall intensity. The relationship between metals and particle size has been also evaluated. To do this, three streets with different traffic load as study area in Goiânia City were selected. The sediments samples were collected in six plots of 0,5 m² located in the central track of the streets during 14 days, collecting samples on 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 7° e 14° dry days by the vacuuming and sweeping method. For water sampling two rainfall intensities were selected to be simulated, through a simulated rainfall over an area of 3m², being on low and other high intensity, respectively 25 mm/h and 115 mm/h both with 15 minutes duration. Were simulated three events on the same experimental plot in witch study area and collected 5 water samples during witch rainfall event, which were analyzed by concentration of suspend and dissolved solids, DQO, conductivity and the metals copper, chromium, lead, cadmium, zinc, iron and manganese, determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed that build-up has a strong direct relationship with dray days and an inverse relationship with traffic load. For metals in sediments was verified that the higher concentrations are on particles < 63μm, and follow in general the concentration order Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cr. The runoff water quality was observed that all the parameters analyzed, except chromium, were detected on selected study areas. The influence of rainfall intensity on wash-off pollutants was observed that this has fundamental importance, so that higher intensity wash-off a higher mass of solids and metals. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar o acúmulo e carreamento de poluentes em superfícies asfálticas urbanas, principalmente de metais e sólidos, correlacionando-os com o número de dias secos antecedentes, fluxo de veículos e intensidade da chuva. Avaliou-se também a relação entre os metais e a granulometria das partículas. Para tal, foram selecionadas três ruas com diferentes tráfegos de veículos como área de estudo na cidade de Goiânia. As amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em seis parcelas de 0,5 m², localizadas na faixa central das ruas durante 14 dias, sendo coletadas amostras no 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 7° e 14° dia seco pelo método de aspiração e escovação. Para a coleta de água foram selecionadas duas intensidades de chuva a serem simuladas, por meio de um simulador de chuvas sobre uma área de 3 m², sendo uma de baixa e uma alta, respectivamente 25 mm/h e 115 mm/h ambas com duração de 15 minutos. Foram simulados três eventos em uma mesma parcela experimental em cada área de estudo e coletadas 5 amostras de água durante cada evento de chuva, as quais foram analisadas quanto às concentrações de sólidos suspensos e dissolvidos, DQO, condutividade, e os metais cobre, cromo, chumbo, cádmio, zinco, ferro e manganês, determinados por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica. Os resultados mostram que o acúmulo de sedimentos tem uma relação direta com os dias secos antecedentes e uma relação inversa com o fluxo de veículos. Para os metais no sedimento, verificou-se que as maiores concentrações estão preferencialmente nas partículas < 63 μm, e que seguem em geral a ordem de concentração Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cr. Da qualidade da água escoada, observou-se que todos os parâmetros analisados, exceto o cromo, foram detectados na água das três áreas de estudo. Da influência da chuva no carreamento de poluentes, observou-se que esta tem importância fundamental, de forma que quanto maior a intensidade maior a massa carreada de sólidos e metais.

Diarrheal diseases are a global public health burden, killing 1.8 million people annually. Diarrhea disproportionately affects children and those in poverty. Most diarrheal cases can be prevented through safe drinking water, basic hygiene and/or sanitation measures, with drinking water interventions having the most impact on reducing diarrheal disease. There is no generally agreed-upon field method for determining biosand water filter effectiveness that is usable in low-resource communities. A pilot study was conducted of potential field use indicators, including the Colilert coliform presence/absence (P/A) test, hydrogen sulfide, alkalinity, hardness, pH, and fluorescently labeled latex microspheres. The study included both laboratory and field testing. The Colilert P/A test had the highest correlation to the United States Environmental Protection Agency standard method (IDEXX Quanti-trays), but more data are needed before making a recommendation. This study adds to understanding about evaluation of biosand water filters and provides preliminary data to address the need for a field use indicator for biosand water filters.

Issues of diversity are receiving significant attention within the National Park Service recently, due in large part to a growing awareness that its future as a relevant and viable agency is dependent upon improving its response to and management of diversity. A diversity assessment of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site was undertaken to assist the site in its diversification efforts involving three interrelated areas: historical interpretation, visitor services, and workforce management. Data from research and semi-formal interviews with staff and volunteers were analyzed to identify appropriate, site-specific strategies for expanding dynamic interpretation of diverse groups within the historical context, improving the quality of visitation for diverse audiences, and more fully utilizing personnel and community organizations to strengthen the two topics outlined above. Historical interpretation is the main focus of the analysis, not only because it forms the fundamental duty of the historic site, but also because diversifying an interpretive program carries the most potential for forming emotional and intellectual connections with diverse visitors, thus increasing participation, financial security, and continued relevance. / Graduation date: 2000

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-112).

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Chemical Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

The Little Grand Wash normal fault near Green River, eastern Utah, hosts a series of naturally occurring CO₂ seeps in the form of active and extinct CO₂-charged springs distributed along the fault zone. I have studied the association of fault structure with CO₂-related alteration as an analogue for the long-term (1,000- to 10,000-year) effects of leakage through faults in CO₂ sequestration reservoirs. Structure and alteration in a portion of the Little Grand Wash fault zone were mapped at a 1:700 scale in order to determine the association of faulting with CO₂-related diagenesis. I combined structural and diagenetic mapping were combined with laboratory analyses of mineralogical, isotopic and textural changes in order to assess controls on the migration of CO₂ traveling up the fault and its effects on the fault itself. The fault zone is 200 m wide at its widest and contains 4-5 major subparallel fault segments that form multiple soft- and hard-linked relay ramps. The area includes a travertine deposit and related sandstone alteration: outcrop-visible coloration, porosity-occluding calcite cement and veins occasionally so abundant that they obliterate the rock fabric. Structural mapping shows that the travertine is located at an intersection of major fault segments constituting the hard link of a 450-meter-long relay ramp. Sandstone alteration is confirmed to be related to the CO₂ seep by mapping its distribution, which shows a decrease in concentration away from the travertine, and by the unique isotopic signature of calcite cement near the travertine. At distances greater than 25 m from the travertine intense alteration disappears, though scattered fault-subparallel veins and patchy, burial-related calcite cement remain. Intense alteration is limited to major fault overlaps and does not permeate the fault zone along its entire length, nor does it extend outside the zone. This indicates that rising CO₂-laden fluids do not flow uniformly through the entire fault zone, but that vertical flow is channeled at fault intersections. In thin section, porosity near the travertine has been extensively or completely occluded by calcite cement. Permeability in some conduit samples is less than 1 mD, three or four orders of magnitude lower than sandstone away from the travertine. In active CO₂ conduits, such reduction in porosity and permeability would occlude the preferred flow conduit and ultimately restrict upward flow of CO₂-charged water. X-ray diffraction detects small amounts of goethite and hematite and a decrease in chlorite-smectite in altered conduit sandstones. Calcite is abundant, but many authigenic minerals predicted by geochemical models of CO₂ influx into sandstone reservoirs are not observed, including kaolinite, aragonite, dolomite, siderite, ankerite or dawsonite. This difference between observed and predicted mineral occurrence likely results from differences in mineral kinetics between natural and laboratory systems. Prediction of leakage risk based on fault geometry improves the ability to assess the suitability of potential carbon sequestration reservoirs, many of which will be faulted. The point seep nature of leakage through a fault zone limits the amount of CO₂ that can escape over time and also enables targeted surface monitoring for CO₂ escape into the atmosphere--both critical for ensuring the effectiveness of injection projects and earning the trust necessary for carbon sequestration to gain public acceptance. The point seep nature of leakage also accelerates the rate at which conduits may seal through mineralization, since precipitation from a large volume of fluid is focused in a narrow conduit. The presence of multiple fossil and active seep locations along the Little Grand Wash fault, active at different times in the geologic past, indicates that cementation may be effective in sealing single conduits but that fault systems with complex geometry such as Little Grand Wash may continue to leak for a long period of time. / text

This thesis investigates a particular cultural period (the Charles Culture) existing from approximately 5500 to 3300 years ago on the Northwest Coast. The Charles Culture consists of three local phases known as Esilao, St. Mungo and Mayne. Three research questions are proposed in this study. The first question deals with the St. Mungo phase and focuses on the degree of cultural variability manifest within this particular sub-phase. Two sites known to contain St. Mungo components (Glenrose Cannery and St. Mungo Cannery) are compared to a third component originally proposed to be representative of the Mayne phase. The hypothesis states that the degree of variability between the three components will be minimal if all three are representative of the St. Mungo phase. This hypothesis is tested using both artifactual and non-artifactual data from the three sites and respective components. Of the three research questions proposed, this one is answered the most successfully. There is little variation present amongst the three components in terms of both artifactual and non-artifactual data. Unexpectedly, it was also demonstrated that while the Charles components from Glenrose and St. Mungo are often discussed interchangeably, there are differences in their artifact assemblages. The second research questions follows from the first and ponders the degree of variability present between the Charles and Locarno Beach components at the Crescent Beach site. A comparison between these two phases from the same site had not been previously possible. The hypothesis states that if the two phases demonstrate continuity with each other, this is evidence of a gradual insitu evolution of the Northwest Coast ethnographic pattern present at contact. This question is not answered as successfully as the first due to the high degree of similarity present between the two artifact assemblages. Several explanations for this are presented. The Locarno Beach artifact assemblage from Crescent Beach is also compared to the typesite artifact assemblage from the Locarno Beach site, with differences between the two components presented and discussed. This was done i n order to determine the feasibility of defining the middle component at Crescent Beach as Locarno Beach in nature. The artifactual differences present are argued to be partially reflective of site function and environmental differences present at the two sites. The final research question concerns the Charles Culture and the feasibility of its existence over such a long time period and physical area. This hypothesis states that there is sufficient cultural similarity present to continue usage of the term Charles Culture. Several components defined as Charles or tentative Charles components are examined. The data is gathered together to present a synopsis of what is known to date concerning the Charles Culture. As with the f i r s t research question, this question focuses on the degree of variability present between the three sub-phases of the Charles Culture (rather than just one) using both artifactual and non-artifactual data. There is some difficulty encountered during this final analysis due to the lack of published data. For example, little is published concerning the Esilao phase, yet it is an integral part of the Charles Culture. Nevertheless, this third research question is answered somewhat affirmatively. This section of my thesis includes further information concerning the placing of the Charles component at Crescent Beach into the St. Mungo phase as well as the status of the Mayne phase. The results of the study indicate that the three research questions and their resulting hypotheses can be answered in the affirmative with varying degrees of success. Recommendations for further research include the need for better published data concerning the early time periods on the Northwest Coast. It is also recommended that future analysis of the Charles Culture incorporate non-artifactual data such as debitage and faunal remains because these types of information are important when doing accurate comparisons of artifact assemblages. Finally, it is also suggested that Northwest Coast archaeologists work together to create more comparable archaeological data. Before one can make firm conclusions about the general research questions pertinent to the prehistory of the Northwest Coast, Northwest Coast archaeologists must start at the beginning and create interchangeable data sets.