Waste management is one of the priority trends in the field of the environment protection in Lithuania. Special attention is currently paid to collection of domestic waste, reprocessing of raw material, handling of dumping sites and establishment of hazardous waste management system. Domestic waste constitutes the waste accumulated in our household. Municipality institutions are the key chain organising the management of domestic waste generated within the corresponding territory. They carry responsibility for regulation, establishment (development) and administration of this waste management system within the territory under their subordination and the usage of this system is mandatory for the local residents and economic entities within these territories. The analysis of legal documents regulating waste management indicated that the concept of regional waste management system, its establishment and management form, functions and competence is not precisely defined in the legislation. Considering the major principle „polluter pays“ applicable in the field of waste management more discussions are being raised regarding manufacturer‘s responsibility for handling packaging and defraying the costs for this waste as well as waste management on the municipal level. Regardless the fact that the tasks set for the municipalities are well implemented at the municipality of Alytus city in comparison with other big cities of Lithuania, still they are not fully achieved and their... [to full text]

Waste reprocessing is a growing trend in different communities around South Africa which has become influential to the socio-economic liberalism of the people that are recycling at source in their respective areas. The focus of the research study is on the contributions of community-based organisations involved in recycling towards the social and environmental sustainability. The study explores (i) work done by community-based organisations in recycling, (ii) how the organisations turn unwanted products in to something usable and manage to sustain themselves and provide for their families, and (iii) how unpleasant municipality policies on the management of waste are to the organisations involved in recycling. As a result a comprehensive and consistent information set comprising significant contributions from the responsible stakeholders that contribute to the national waste stream will be expressed; regarding the development of relevant statutory frameworks to address and clarify issues facing reprocessing at large. South Africa is signatory to a number of international accords, hence a comprehensive international perspective on waste re-utilisation is incorporated. The notion of partnership is emphasized as it ought to be accompanied by other measures that can unleash a practical validity and influence; hence the public-private partnership strategy towards recycling is recommended as a requisite to try and tackle the challenges facing community-based organisations and the system of managing waste especially in the Emfuleni Local Municipality. The partnerships should be determined as the principle framework between the people, the private sector and the entire administration. The more serious the community-based organisations towards the system of managing waste around an area, the better it will turn out to be for the communities concerned. Unemployment is also the biggest issue thus far and strategies have long been implemented to tackle the crisis, and yet the public is still faced and halted by means that are expensive in nature. Advanced educational facilities for instance, which are still major challenges to the people around Emfuleni. The logic of responsibility now is therefore to develop, implement and enforce recently formulated legislation to encourage the masses to be involved in the process of recycling. Indeed, the lack of co-ordination by private sector, the people and local authorities has resulted in the involvement of community-based organisations being regarded as non-existing and not being intensified in South Africa. The contributions made by waste pickers in making sure that the green environment concept is maintained in societies they live in, is in fact the actual concern in undertaking these research study. The negative stigma associated with the communities involved in recycling is endured as individuals are able to support their families and themselves through recycling ingenuities. The Emfuleni Local Municipality has some of the best strategies and plans to address the involvement of community-based organisations in their disposal, and the full implementation of this category has to prioritised in order to achieve a hospitable and sustainable environment for the area. / M Development and Management (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Reduction is the best way of handling the issue of food waste, however, considering the difficulties of achieving reduction, a collection of waste for a potential decrease was established. The thesis consist of an examination between two subjects, the issue of food waste and the waste management system of collecting food waste to produce biogas, where the main focus is upon the municipality of Stockholm. The purpose of the study was to analyze the issue of food waste and connect it to the process of collecting food waste to produce biogas, and examine the potential benefits and conflicts between these two topics. The aim was also to investigate the process possibilities and functionality, and how the procedure is operating in the municipality of Stockholm. Besides a litterature study, four interviews were conducted with respondents from authorities and the municipality. The results show that the process of collecting food waste to produce biogas is a great procedure. It is a good alternative for the environment and generates to a substitute towards fossil fuel. However, whether the process is a benefit for the issue of food waste seems to be rejected. There are also difficulties of apprehending the connection between the two subjects, since they are seen as topics that lie collaterally to each other. In the municipality of Stockholm, the process function within the section of restaurants, however, it is not that fortunate within households. The factors of simplicity, profitability and trust are the main features threatening the success of the process of collecting food waste to produce biogas. One may presume that the goal/requirement firsthand is to focus upon reduction of food waste. However, there seems to be a shift from consuming less (reduce the waste) to consuming differently (reuse the waste) nowadays, hence the process of collecting food waste to produce biogas is central.

Waste reprocessing is a growing trend in different communities around South Africa which has become influential to the socio-economic liberalism of the people that are recycling at source in their respective areas. The focus of the research study is on the contributions of community-based organisations involved in recycling towards the social and environmental sustainability. The study explores (i) work done by community-based organisations in recycling, (ii) how the organisations turn unwanted products in to something usable and manage to sustain themselves and provide for their families, and (iii) how unpleasant municipality policies on the management of waste are to the organisations involved in recycling. As a result a comprehensive and consistent information set comprising significant contributions from the responsible stakeholders that contribute to the national waste stream will be expressed; regarding the development of relevant statutory frameworks to address and clarify issues facing reprocessing at large. South Africa is signatory to a number of international accords, hence a comprehensive international perspective on waste re-utilisation is incorporated. The notion of partnership is emphasized as it ought to be accompanied by other measures that can unleash a practical validity and influence; hence the public-private partnership strategy towards recycling is recommended as a requisite to try and tackle the challenges facing community-based organisations and the system of managing waste especially in the Emfuleni Local Municipality. The partnerships should be determined as the principle framework between the people, the private sector and the entire administration. The more serious the community-based organisations towards the system of managing waste around an area, the better it will turn out to be for the communities concerned. Unemployment is also the biggest issue thus far and strategies have long been implemented to tackle the crisis, and yet the public is still faced and halted by means that are expensive in nature. Advanced educational facilities for instance, which are still major challenges to the people around Emfuleni. The logic of responsibility now is therefore to develop, implement and enforce recently formulated legislation to encourage the masses to be involved in the process of recycling. Indeed, the lack of co-ordination by private sector, the people and local authorities has resulted in the involvement of community-based organisations being regarded as non-existing and not being intensified in South Africa. The contributions made by waste pickers in making sure that the green environment concept is maintained in societies they live in, is in fact the actual concern in undertaking these research study. The negative stigma associated with the communities involved in recycling is endured as individuals are able to support their families and themselves through recycling ingenuities. The Emfuleni Local Municipality has some of the best strategies and plans to address the involvement of community-based organisations in their disposal, and the full implementation of this category has to prioritised in order to achieve a hospitable and sustainable environment for the area. / M Development and Management (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Syftet med den här studien är att utvärdera det befintliga avfallssystemet på de kärnöar som benämns i den Regionala Utvecklingsplanen för Stockholmsregion (RUFS 2050) tillhörande Värmdö kommun, en skärgårdskommun öster om Stockholm. Ett hållbarhetsperspektiv ligger till grund för kartläggningen av området och innefattar aspekter som social, ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet vilket genomsyrar hela rapporten. Avfallstyperna som har studerats är rest-, och matavfall samt förpackningar och returpapper som behandlas genom materialåtervinning. Rapporten är baserad på en litteraturstudie kompletterad med intervjuer för att skapa en mer nyanserad bild av systemet. Även om det idag finns etablerade system för hantering av restavfall saknas ett system för matavfall och materialåtervinning som täcker hela Värmdö kommun. Detta resulterar i en ökad mängd restavfall vilket leder till bristfälliga arbetsförhållanden. Andra svårigheter med avfallshanteringen i skärgården är de långa transportsträckorna över havet som är tidskrävande, kostsamma och har en negativ miljöpåverkan. På grund av de olika förutsättningar bland skärgårdsöarna krävs det ett flexibelt och välanpassat system vilket leder till en hög servicenivå. Trots att många av de boende i skärgården upplever systemet som välfungerande tydliggör denna studie att det krävs åtgärder som förbättrar arbetsmiljön och minskar systemets miljöpåverkan. Utöver att etablera nya system för insamling av matavfall, förpackningar och returpapper krävs åtgärder som gynnar återanvändning samt minimerar mängden producerat avfall för att i linje med EU- direktiv skapa ett hållbart avfallssystem i Värmdö kommuns skärgård. / The purpose of this study is to evaluate the existing waste management system on the main islands of Värmdö municipality, which is a part of the Stockholm archipelago, as described in the regional development plan for the greater region of Stockholm (RUFS 2050). Throughout the report, this evaluation will be made from a sustainability perspective including social, economic and ecological aspects. The types of waste that are subject to review are general waste, food waste and recyclables such as products made from plastic, paper, glass and metal as well as newspapers and magazines. The report is based on a literature review that is complemented by interviews, providing a nuanced image of the complete system. Currently established systems for managing general waste in the archipelago exists but as the system for food waste and recycling does not include this region, they require future development in order to extend to the entire municipality. As a result, much of the food and recyclable waste ends up in the general waste, leading to inadequate working conditions within that system. Moreover, transportation between the islands and the mainland is costly, time consuming and has a negative environmental impact. As such, the waste management system must be flexible and adaptable to the varying conditions of the islands in order to deliver a high level of service. This study shows that there is a need to improve working conditions and reduce the negative environmental impact of the municipality’s waste management system. Besides implementing new systems for managing food and recyclable waste, action must be taken to promote reuse and minimize the amount of waste produced. This would ensure alignment with EU directives as well as make the whole system more sustainable.

Proper management of different waste streams generated in conjunction with oil Exploration and Production (E&P) activities in Sudan is a major challenge for Petrodar Operating Company (PDOC) inter alia. PDOC generates a range of waste streams that are expected to significantly increase especially during and after the planned expansions. Therefore, there is a growing need for establishing an Integrated Waste Management System (IWMS) through a systematic approach for enhancing the attempts to redirect PDOC’s efforts towards realizing its commitment to best HSE standards. This study introduces the composition of an Integrated Waste Management System (IWMS) that incorporates better strategies and practices that particularly suit the case of PDOC’s Central Processing Facilities (CPF) (Al-Jabalayn site), Sudan in accordance with the Waste Management Hierarchy. In the first part; mainly the qualitative characterization of the past, current and the near-future situation at Al-Jabalayn site in terms of waste management strategies and practices are all described and analyzed, followed by the creation of a “waste inventory”. Accordingly the elements of a recommended set of appropriate waste management strategies and practices are identified in order to form a framework of an Integrated Waste Management System (IWMS) that particularly fits the case of Al-Jabalayn site and its operating circumstances. The model framework that has been suggested based on this case study can be promoted, replicated and applied to similar Sudanese E&P sites; operating under same conditions. The adoption of such an approach shall pave the way to diminish the gap between the current situation and the most possible sustainable waste management system in the sector.

The main objective of my dissertation was to ascertain the major trends and effectiveness of municipal waste management of the waste that is produced by individual municipalities with extended powers in the region of Vysočina. I mainly focus on the expenses related to the waste management that are paid from municipal budgets.

Orientador: Solange Terezinha de Lima Guimarães / Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira de Godoy / Banca: Valdir Schalch / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como estudo de caso o sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos implantado nos laboratórios da Divisão de Química da empresa Bioagri Laboratórios como um procedimento de gestão ambiental. A pesquisa mostrou que o sistema pode ser utilizado por demais laboratórios desta área, não somente com objetivo de organizar o controle dos seus aspectos ambientais significativos, mas também para obter indicadores que promovam uma maior prevenção diante dos impactos ambientais negativos relacionados à utilização de insumos e geração de resíduos, assim como propiciem aspectos referentes à conservação do meio ambiente e de seus recursos naturais, e comportamentos pró-ambientais. Para a Geografia estas atividades contribuem para o desenvolvimento dos conceitos inter e multidisciplinares, como a química e as ciências ambientais, e mostram que a Gestão e a Educação Ambiental, mais o desenvolvimento tecnológico e procedimentos eficientes relativos à produção mais limpa são fatores importantes, tendo em vista a continuidade e melhoria do sistema estudado, assim como para a mudança dos hábitos de trabalho dos funcionários, no sentido de atitudes próambientais. / Abstract: The present work is a case study of a system for waste management. The system assessed forms part of the environmental management procedures in place in the laboratories of the Chemistry Division of Bioagri Laboratórios Ltda. The research has shown that the system could be used in other laboratories. The objectives of the system are not only to organize the control of the environmental impact of wastes, but also to provide indicators through which to raise awareness of the negative consequences on the environment of the generation and disposal of waste materials. Greater awareness will bring to the fore concepts such as the conservation of the natural environment, the appropriate use of natural resources, and environmentallyfriendly behaviour. From a Geographic point of view, focusing on these issues is contributing to the development of concepts which can be explored in both inter- and multi-disciplinary projects, for instance between chemistry and the environmental sciences. This work has shown the importance of Management and Environmental Education, plus technological development and more efficient procedures regarding a cleaner production, as a means to change the working habits of the staff in a laboratory towards environment-friendly practices, always keeping in mind the continuity and improvement of the work place. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 penatti_fe_me_rcla.pdf: 1618384 bytes, checksum: e3bd912c7c800ae2a9817cab05a6e1b7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve como estudo de caso o sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos implantado nos laboratórios da Divisão de Química da empresa Bioagri Laboratórios como um procedimento de gestão ambiental. A pesquisa mostrou que o sistema pode ser utilizado por demais laboratórios desta área, não somente com objetivo de organizar o controle dos seus aspectos ambientais significativos, mas também para obter indicadores que promovam uma maior prevenção diante dos impactos ambientais negativos relacionados à utilização de insumos e geração de resíduos, assim como propiciem aspectos referentes à conservação do meio ambiente e de seus recursos naturais, e comportamentos pró-ambientais. Para a Geografia estas atividades contribuem para o desenvolvimento dos conceitos inter e multidisciplinares, como a química e as ciências ambientais, e mostram que a Gestão e a Educação Ambiental, mais o desenvolvimento tecnológico e procedimentos eficientes relativos à produção mais limpa são fatores importantes, tendo em vista a continuidade e melhoria do sistema estudado, assim como para a mudança dos hábitos de trabalho dos funcionários, no sentido de atitudes próambientais. / The present work is a case study of a system for waste management. The system assessed forms part of the environmental management procedures in place in the laboratories of the Chemistry Division of Bioagri Laboratórios Ltda. The research has shown that the system could be used in other laboratories. The objectives of the system are not only to organize the control of the environmental impact of wastes, but also to provide indicators through which to raise awareness of the negative consequences on the environment of the generation and disposal of waste materials. Greater awareness will bring to the fore concepts such as the conservation of the natural environment, the appropriate use of natural resources, and environmentallyfriendly behaviour. From a Geographic point of view, focusing on these issues is contributing to the development of concepts which can be explored in both inter- and multi-disciplinary projects, for instance between chemistry and the environmental sciences. This work has shown the importance of Management and Environmental Education, plus technological development and more efficient procedures regarding a cleaner production, as a means to change the working habits of the staff in a laboratory towards environment-friendly practices, always keeping in mind the continuity and improvement of the work place.

Waste can be considered as an urban burden or as a valuable resource depending on how it ismanaged. Different waste treatment technologies are available at present to manage municipal solidwaste (MSW). Various actors are involved to develop waste treatment technology for certain area.The aim of this study is to analyze the driving forces in technical development in waste sector inSweden. The study is also done to identify emerging waste management technology in Sweden.Moreover, a comparative study of existing and emerging technologies is done by Life CycleAssessment (LCA) model. An extensive literature review and pilot questionnaire survey among thewaste management professionals’ is done for the study. LCA model is developed by SimaProsoftware CML2 baseline method is used for identifying environmental burden from the wastetechnologies.Dry composting, Pyrolysis-Gasification (P-G), Plasma-Arc are identified as potential emergingtechnologies for waste management system in Sweden. Technical developments of thesetechnologies are influenced by indigenous people’s behavior, waste characteristics, regulations, healthor environmental impact and global climate change. Comparative LCA model of P-G andIncineration shows that, P-G is a favorable waste treatment technology than Incineration for MSW,especially in acidification, global warming and aquatic eco-toxicity impact categories.