The main subject of this dissertation is the ecotoxicological evaluation of significant point sources of pollution. These include wildfires and wide fires of factories and also industrial and urban wastewater treatment plants. The local application of pyrolytic product obtained from sewage sludge as the point source of pollution was also included in the thesis. Tests in aquatic and contact arrangement with using both water and soil organisms for ecotoxicity evaluation of selected matrices were chosen. Crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna Straus and sea bacteria Vibrio fischeri were selected as representative organisms of water animals. Duckweed Lemna minor was chosen as water plant. Further collembola Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida were chosen as representatives of soil animals. Finally onion Allium cepa L. and mustard Sinapis alba are representatives of terrestrial plants. Submitted thesis deals about analytes of interest, their properties and ways of distribution to the environments. The output of the thesis is a comprehensive assessment of the effects of selected point sources of pollution on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems organisms and ecotoxicological risks assessment. The fire extinguishing agents have been proven to be the most stressful substances for all selecteded organisms.

Les alkylphénol-polyéthoxylés et les substances pharmaceutiques appartiennent à la classe des contaminants émergents qui sont depuis peu étudiés dans les milieux naturels. Ces composés d’usage très répandu (aussi bien en termes d’applications qu’en termes de quantité) sont introduits dans le milieu aquatique, via les stations d’épuration, principalement et sont susceptibles d’engendrer des effets toxiques sur les organismes vivants dans ces milieux. La première partie de ce travail de thèse a consisté en le développement et la validation de différentes méthodologies d’échantillonnage (ponctuel et intégratif (POCIS)), de différents protocoles d’extraction (SPE, extraction assistée par micro-ondes) et d’analyse (CL/SM, CL/SM/SM), nécessaires pour un dosage fiable des alkylphénol-polyéthoxylés et des substances pharmaceutiques dans les différents compartiments des systèmes aquatiques (phases dissoute, particulaire et sédimentaire, organismes biologiques). Ensuite, un bilan de la contamination de différents systèmes aquatiques (le bassin de d’estuaire de Seine, la Garonne et la Gironde, la baie de la Vilaine, la baie de l’Authie, l’Adour, la rade de Marseille) a été dressé. Une contamination généralisée par ces composés a été mise en évidence pour l’ensemble des sites étudiés. Les concentrations mesurées apparaissent extrêmement variables selon la classe de molécule considérée, les sites et le temps avec des concentrations comprises entre le ng.l-1 et la dizaine de µg.l-1 pour les phases dissoutes et de la dizaine de ng.g-1 et la dizaine de µg.g-1 pour les phases solides (plusieurs centaines de µg.g-1 dans les boues d’épuration). Ces études ont également permis de documenter la présence et le devenir des molécules ciblées dans les stations d’épuration et ont permis d’en évaluer l’efficacité quant l’abattement des substances incriminées. Enfin, ces travaux ont également permis de mettre en évidence des phénomènes de partition entre les phases dissoutes et les phases solides ainsi que des phénomènes de transferts vers les organismes du milieu. / Alkylphenol-polyethoxylates and pharmaceutical substances belong to the class of the emerging contaminants which have been recently studied in natural environments. These compounds of very widespread use (in terms of applications as well as in terms of quantity) are introduced into the aquatic environment, via the wastewater treatment plants, mainly, and are likely to generate toxic effects on the living organisms in these systems. The first part of this work consisted in the development and validation of various methodologies of sampling (grab sampling and integrative sampling (POCIS)), of various protocols of extraction (SPE, microwaves assisted extraction) and of analysis (LC/MS, LC/MS/MS), necessary for a reliable quantification of alkylphenol-polyethoxylates and pharmaceutical substances in the various compartments of aquatic systems (phases dissolved, particulate and sedimentary, biological organisms). Then, an assessment of the contamination of numerous aquatic systems (the catchment area of the Seine estuary, the Garonne and the Gironde, the bay of Vilaine, the bay of Authie, the Adour, the Mediterranean coast of Marseilles) was undertaken. A generalized contamination by these compounds was highlighted for all the studied sites. The measured concentrations appear to be extremely variable according to the class of molecule considered, the sites and time with concentrations ranging from the ng.l-1 to tens of µg.l-1 for the dissolved phases and from tens of ng.g-1 to tens of µg.g-1 for the solid phases (several hundreds of µg.g-1 in the clarification sludge). These studies also made it possible to document the presence and the fate of these molecules in the French wastewater treatment plant and made it possible to evaluate their effectiveness to remove the studied compounds. Lastly, this work also made it possible to highlight phenomena of partition between the dissolved phases and the solid phases as well as phenomena of transfers through the biological organisms.

The "Zákolanský potok" takes part in European nature program Special Area of Conservation because of the presence of stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torentium), which is listed as threatened species. The area around brook is intensively agriculturally cultivated. Water from wastewater treatments plants is drained to the local brooks. The aim of the work was to describe diversity of macrozoobenthos on the brook called "Zákolanský potok". Further aim was to evaluate the ecological condition of the watercourse using biotic indexes. The samples of macrobenthos were taken from three profiles in five sampling periods. Profile 1 was control, profile 2 was under the wastewater treatments plants and the third profile was placed down the stream. Diversity, biomass, saprobic index, BMWP, and ASTP scores were evaluated for the community of macrozoobenthos. The saprobic index was evaluated to the beta-mezosaprobity value (2.0-2.4) in the first profile, the saprobic index on the second profile showed a relatively wide range from worse oligosaprobity to worse beta-mesosaprobity (1.2-2.4). On the third profile, the saprobic index ranged from better beta-mesosaprobity to better alpha-mesosaprobity (1.6-2.6). The BMWP and ASPT scores in all profiles refer to medium to low quality aquatic environments. The diversity of the community gained the best values on the 3rd profile, here was found with one more taxon than on the 1st profile. With increasing organic load, diversity decreased on the 2nd profile, although a more sensitive species was found here.

O presente trabalho discute o recebimento de lixiviado de aterros sanitários em estações de tratamento do sistema público de esgotos para tratamento conjunto. Descreve os processos de geração do lixiviado nos aterros e faz uma avaliação desse recebimento em quatro estações de tratamento em operação no Estado de São Paulo que empregam processos biológicos de tratamento por lodos ativados convencional e por batelada, lagoas de estabilização (anaeróbia seguida de facultativa) e lagoas aeradas. Também apresenta a variação da produção de lixiviado em aterros sanitários em função dos períodos de chuva e seca, estabelecidos pela precipitação observada no período avaliado. Conclui que o tratamento conjunto de lixiviado de aterro é uma alternativa a ser considerada no planejamento dos sistemas de resíduos sólidos e de esgotos sanitários. A adoção do tratamento conjunto traz benefícios a esses sistemas e à sociedade, pois pode representar economia de escala, atendimento às exigências legais e conformidade ambiental, promovendo melhores condições de saúde pública / This work discuss the receipt of sanitary landfill leachate by public wastewater treatment plants for joint treatment. It describes the processes theough which leachate is generated in landfills and assesses its receipt in four wastewater treatment plants in the state of São Paulo that employ biological processes such as conventional and batch activated sludge and stabilization ponds (anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond). Additionally, the work shows the variation in the production of leachate during the dry and rainy seasons, which were established based on the volume of rainfall during the period of study. The conclusion is that the joint treatment of landfill leachate by wastewater treatment plants with the appropriate technical and operational criteria is na alternative to be considered in the planning of solid waste and sanitary sewer systems and the society because it would result in economy of scale, compliance with legal and environmental legislation, and improvement of public health

Apesar dos avanços nos índices de coleta e tratamento de esgotos no Estado de São Paulo, ainda existem incertezas sobre a efetividade dos sistemas de tratamento existentes, uma vez que são escassas as informações sobre o desempenho das ETEs em operação no país. Por meio da aquisição e análise de dados de desempenho do sistema, é possível a avaliação do cumprimento da legislação ambiental e a melhoria das condições operacionais, reduzindo, efetivamente, o impacto do lançamento sobre os recursos hídricos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar estatisticamente o desempenho de lagoas de estabilização - tecnologia de tratamento mais utilizada no Estado de São Paulo - localizadas na UGRHI 12 - Baixo Pardo/Grande, todas com vazão de projeto inferior a 300 L/s, utilizando dados de automonitoramento fornecidos pelos prestadores de serviço. A avaliação compreendeu um período de 10 anos (2005 a 2014) e abrangeu desde os projetos das lagoas até a caracterização dos dados afluentes e efluentes das ETEs, incluindo também o impacto do lançamento dos esgotos tratados nos corpos receptores e a qualidade dos corpos d\'água em escala de bacia hidrográfica, utilizando os dados da rede de monitoramento da CETESB na UGRHI 12. O desempenho das ETEs foi avaliado quanto aos parâmetros DBO, DQO, CT, E. coli, SS, N-amoniacal e P-total, considerando tanto as faixas típicas apontadas na literatura, como o atendimento aos padrões de lançamento e qualidade. Os dados disponibilizados foram bastante heterogêneos, apresentando, em sua maioria, periodicidades de amostragem variáveis e interrupções no monitoramento, o que impediu, em alguns casos, a realização de uma análise mais consistente. As concentrações afluentes de matéria orgânica foram mais elevadas do que os valores usuais expressos na literatura, sendo a causa mais provável o baixo consumo de água aliado ao tipo de amostragem praticado (amostragem simples). De maneira geral, o desempenho das lagoas, considerando as eficiências médias de remoção de DBO e DQO, ficou dentro do esperado, o que não foi suficiente, contudo, para garantir percentuais elevados de conformidade com a legislação do estado de São Paulo, os quais resultaram abaixo de 80% na maioria das ETEs. Quanto às concentrações nos esgotos tratados, o desempenho ficou aquém do esperado, o que implicou no lançamento de efluentes com concentrações elevadas de matéria orgânica, embora de acordo com os padrões de lançamento pelo critério da eficiência de remoção. A avaliação do corpo receptor mostrou que, mesmo se tratando de vazões relativamente baixas, tais lançamentos foram capazes de impactar os cursos d\'água, notadamente aqueles com baixas razões de diluição. Finalmente, em escala de bacia hidrográfica, verificou-se que, nos corpos d\'água da UGRHI 12, ainda permanecem percentuais elevados de desconformidade para P-total e E. coli, contribuindo para esse cenário tanto as fontes de poluição pontuais como as difusas. / Despite advances in wastewater collection and treatment indicators in São Paulo state, there are still uncertainties about the effectiveness of existing treatment systems, since they is little information on the performance of WTPs operating in the country. Throughout the acquisition and analysis of system performance data, it is possible to evaluate the compliance with environmental legislation and improve operating conditions, effectively reducing the impact of the discharge on water resources. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate statistically the performance of stabilization ponds - wastewater treatment technology most widely used in São Paulo state - located in UGRHI 12 - Baixo Pardo/Grande, all of them with design flow rates below 300 L/s, using self-monitoring data given by the service providers. The evaluation comprised a period of 10 years (2005-2014), including from the projects of the ponds to the characterization of WTPs influent and effluent data, also incorporating the impact of treated wastewater release in receiving bodies and the quality of water bodies in watershed scale, using the data from CETESB\'s monitoring network in UGRHI 12. The performance of the WTPs was evaluated for BOD, COD, total coliforms, E. coli, suspended solids, ammonia and total phosphorus, considering the typical ranges mentioned in the literature and compliance with discharge and water quality standards. The provided data were quite heterogeneous, most of them presenting variable sampling periodicities and interruptions in monitoring, sometimes hindering a more consistent analysis. The influent\'s concentrations of organic matter were higher than the usual values expressed in the literature, which was most likely caused by low water consumption combined with the type of sampling practiced (single sampling). In general, the ponds\' performance, considering the average BOD and COD removal efficiencies, was as expected, however, such values weren\'t enough to ensure high percentage of compliance with São Paulo\'s environmental legislation, since the percentages were below 80% in most WTPs. Regarding the concentrations in treated wastewater, the performance was less than expected, which resulted in the discharge of effluents with high concentrations of organic matter, even though they were in compliance with discharge standards by the removal efficiency criterion. The evaluation of the receiving stream showed that, even consisting of relatively low flow rates discharges, such releases were able to impact the water bodies, especially those with low dilution ratio. Finally, in watershed scale, it was found that, in UGRHI 12 water bodies, there are still high percentages of non-conformity for total phosphorus and E. coli, contributing to this scenario both point and non-point sources of pollution.

O presente trabalho discute o recebimento de lixiviado de aterros sanitários em estações de tratamento do sistema público de esgotos para tratamento conjunto. Descreve os processos de geração do lixiviado nos aterros e faz uma avaliação desse recebimento em quatro estações de tratamento em operação no Estado de São Paulo que empregam processos biológicos de tratamento por lodos ativados convencional e por batelada, lagoas de estabilização (anaeróbia seguida de facultativa) e lagoas aeradas. Também apresenta a variação da produção de lixiviado em aterros sanitários em função dos períodos de chuva e seca, estabelecidos pela precipitação observada no período avaliado. Conclui que o tratamento conjunto de lixiviado de aterro é uma alternativa a ser considerada no planejamento dos sistemas de resíduos sólidos e de esgotos sanitários. A adoção do tratamento conjunto traz benefícios a esses sistemas e à sociedade, pois pode representar economia de escala, atendimento às exigências legais e conformidade ambiental, promovendo melhores condições de saúde pública / This work discuss the receipt of sanitary landfill leachate by public wastewater treatment plants for joint treatment. It describes the processes theough which leachate is generated in landfills and assesses its receipt in four wastewater treatment plants in the state of São Paulo that employ biological processes such as conventional and batch activated sludge and stabilization ponds (anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond). Additionally, the work shows the variation in the production of leachate during the dry and rainy seasons, which were established based on the volume of rainfall during the period of study. The conclusion is that the joint treatment of landfill leachate by wastewater treatment plants with the appropriate technical and operational criteria is na alternative to be considered in the planning of solid waste and sanitary sewer systems and the society because it would result in economy of scale, compliance with legal and environmental legislation, and improvement of public health

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Diversas estaÃÃes de tratamento de esgoto possuem sÃrios problemas de projeto e / ou operacionais os quais prejudicam o seu processo de tratamento e geram riscos de poluiÃÃo dos recursos hÃdricos receptores. Assim, hà a necessidade de tratamentos de esgotos cada vez mais eficientes e confiÃveis para obedecerem aos padrÃes de descarte definidos em legislaÃÃes ambientais cada vez mais restritivas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a eficiÃncia e a confiabilidade de 56 estaÃÃes de tratamento de esgotos situadas na RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF). Para tanto, foram avaliados cerca de 13.100 dados obtidos do monitoramento dos esgotos afluente e efluente Ãs ETEs, durante o perÃodo de janeiro de 2005 a abril de 2009, as quais foram divididas em nove modalidades de tratamento, quais sejam: decanto-digestor (DD), decanto-digestor seguido de filtro anaerÃbio (DD+FAN), decanto-digestor seguido de filtro anaerÃbio e cloraÃÃo (DD+FAN+Cl), lagoa facultativa (LF), lagoa facultativa seguida de lagoa de maturaÃÃo (LF+LM), lagoa anaerÃbia seguida por lagoa facultativa e lagoa de maturaÃÃo (LAN+LF+LM), lagoa aerada facultativa seguida por lagoa facultativa e lagoa de maturaÃÃo (LAF+LF+LM), reator UASB (UASB) e, por fim, reator UASB seguido de cloraÃÃo (UASB+Cl). Para o cÃlculo da confiabilidade das ETEs e do percentual esperado de atendimento aos padrÃes de lanÃamento foi utilizada uma metodologia baseada em um modelo de distribuiÃÃo log-normal dos dados, a qual determina concentraÃÃes mÃdias que o efluente da ETE deve ter para obedecer aos padrÃes ambientais de lanÃamento para um determinado nÃvel de confiabilidade (95%), levando em consideraÃÃo o coeficiente de confiabilidade (CDC). Os valores afluentes de pH, DQO, SST e CTT foram comparados aos que sÃo tipicamente encontrados para esse tipo de esgoto. Na avaliaÃÃo inicial dos dados observou-se nÃo haver freqÃÃncia de monitoramento, bem como, constatou-se a presenÃa de inconsistÃncias e outliers, os quais foram removidos. Os dados resultantes foram utilizados na seqÃÃncia da anÃlise. VÃrias tecnologias de tratamento tiveram valores de eficiÃncia inferiores ao que à registrado na literatura, indicando falhas operacionais no monitoramento das ETEs. Os maiores percentuais mÃdios de remoÃÃo de DQO, SST e CTT foram alcanÃados pelas modalidades LAN+LF+LM (91,4%), LAN+LF+LM (81,0%) e LAF+LF+LM (99,999%) e os menores foram DD+FAN (47,3%), DD (31,6%) e LF (95,36%), respectivamente. Estes resultados mostram-se condizentes com os encontrados na literatura para todas as tecnologias de tratamento, exceto para remoÃÃo de SST por DD (31,6%) e DD+FAN (37,3%). No que se refere ao cÃlculo do coeficiente de confiabilidade foram obtidos para DQO os maiores valores pelas modalidades LAF+LF+LM (0,57) e UASB (0,57) e o menor valor para DD+FAN+Cl (0,40). Jà para SST as tecnologias que se destacaram foram LAF+LF+LM (0,43) e LF (0,41) enquanto que o menor CDCs foi obtido por LAN+LF+LM (0,26). Os maiores percentuais esperados de atendimento Ãs metas de descarte para DQO foram alcanÃados pelos tratamentos compostos por lagoas de estabilizaÃÃo, todos acima de 98%, destacando-se a tecnologia LAF+LF+LM (99,9%). Para SST os maiores percentuais obtidos tambÃm foram para as lagoas de estabilizaÃÃo, ressaltando a tecnologia LAN+LF+LM (91%). A tecnologia de tratamento DD foi a de menor percentual para DQO (1,2%) e para SST (2,0%). As modalidades de tratamento de esgotos domÃsticos LAF+LF+LM e LAN+LF+LM apresentaram um melhor desempenho considerando as eficiÃncias mÃdias de remoÃÃo de DQO, SST e CTT, como tambÃm maiores valores de CDC e percentuais esperados de atendimento Ãs metas estabelecidas pela legislaÃÃo. / Many Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) have serious design and / or operational problems that decrease efficiency levels and pollute the environment. Thus, it is important to have efficient and reliable WWTPs to meet the discharge standards. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency and reliability of 56 wastewater treatment plants located in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (MRF). About 13,100 data were evaluated, which were obtained from the Company of Water and Wastewater of Cearà (CAGECE). The data were from January 2005 to April 2009, divided in nine treatment technologies: septic tank (ST), septic tank followed by anaerobic filter (ST + ANF), septic tank followed by anaerobic filter and chlorination (ST + ANF + Cl), facultative pond (FP), facultative pond followed by a maturation pond (FP + MP), anaerobic pond followed by facultative pond and maturation pond (ANP + FP + MP), facultative aerated pond followed by facultative pond and maturation pond (FAP + FP + MP), UASB reactor (UASB) and finally UASB reactor followed by chlorination (UASB + Cl). To calculate the reliability of WWTPs and expected attendance percentage to accomplish effluent standards, a log-normal distribution was used. The average concentrations that the effluent from WWTP must have to meet the discharge standard were calculated for a given reliability level (95%), taking into account the coefficient of reliability (COR). The affluent values of pH, COD, TSS and TTC were compared to those typically found for this type of wastewater. The initial data analysis indicated problems in the monitoring frequency, inconsistencies and outliers, which were removed. The resulting data were used afterwards. The average efficiency values obtained in some technologies are lower than those of comparative literature, indicating operational problems. The highest efficiency values for COD, TSS and TTC were achieved with the technologies of ANP + FP + MP (91,4%), ANP + FP + MP (81.0%) and FAP + FP + MP (99.999%); the lowest efficiencies were obtained with ST + ANF (47.3%), ST (31.6%) and FP (95.36%), respectively. Regarding the coefficient of reliability calculation, the highest values for COD removal were obtained with the technologies of FAP + FP + MP (0.57) and UASB (0.57) and the lowest efficiencies were found with DD + ANF + Cl (0.40). For TSS, the best technologies were FAP + FP + MP (0.43) and FP (0.41) while the lowest CORs were obtained with ANP + FP + MP (0.26). The highest percentage values for accomplishing COD discharge standards were achieved with stabilization ponds, all above 98%, specially the technology FAP + FP + MP (99.9%). For TSS the highest percentages were also achieved with stabilization ponds, highlighting the technology of ANP + FP + MP (91%). The technologies of FAP + FP + MP and ANP + FP + MP provided the best efficiency values for COD, TSS and TTC, as well as the highest values of COR and percentages to accomplish discharge standards.

nÃo hà / A poluiÃÃo dos recursos hÃdricos vem aumentando drasticamente, em todo o mundo. Dentre as soluÃÃes adotadas, tem-se a implantaÃÃo de EstaÃÃes de Tratamento de Esgotos - ETEâs, as quais devem ser estudadas como plantas industriais, que servem à sociedade. As ETEâs, como qualquer indÃstria, sofrem dos problemas de higiene industrial e de seguranÃa do trabalho. Nesta pesquisa estuda-se os riscos laborais, tanto ambientais quanto operacionais, os quais os empregados do setor de saneamento estÃo expostos nas etapas do sistema de tratamento de esgoto possuindo caracterÃsticas de unidades industriais. AtravÃs de pesquisas bibliogrÃficas, questionÃrios e verificaÃÃo das Normas Regulamentadoras â NRâs existentes, complementadas com visitas realizadas a algumas ETEâs da Companhia de Ãgua e Esgoto do Cearà â CAGECE e entrevistas com os empregados das mesmas, foi possÃvel levantar as condiÃÃes de trabalho e tipos de acidentes que ocorrem. Foram verificados os procedimentos e manuais da Ãrea de seguranÃa e higiene no trabalho da mesma, bem como constatado a nÃo existÃncia de uma Norma especÃfica para o setor de saneamento como, tambÃm, uma ClassificaÃÃo Nacional de Atividades EconÃmicas - CNAE que represente diretamente as ETEâs, seus acidentes e empregados. Pode-se verificar que muitos dos que ocorrem atualmente jà tinham sido relatados a dÃcadas atrÃs e que muitos dos manuais e procedimentos devem ser atualizados e ter uma linguagem mais acessÃvel ao trabalhador. Dos questionÃrios aplicados, a totalidade foi respondida. Constatou-se que a divulgaÃÃo dos dados de acidentes, bem como procedimentos de seguranÃa por parte da CAGECE à transparente. Assim, foi possÃvel montar um quadro geral dos acidentes e riscos existentes nas ETEâs. / Water pollution is growing drastically worldwide. Among the solutions adopted is the installation of wastewater treatment plants. They have to be considered industrial units at the service of the community that like any other unit of that type, suffers from problems related to hygiene and labor safety. In this research we studied labor hazards, ambient and operational, to which operators of treatment plants are exposed during the phases of industrial style waste water treatment. Methods applied include literature studies, questionnaires, verification of the existing safety norms, visiting of some treatment units of CAGECE â Companhia de Ãgua e Esgoto do CearÃ, and interviews with workers in order to learn about the working conditions and accidents occurred. The procedures applied and the safety and hygiene manuals were verified. We confirmed the lack of specific norms for the sanitation sector and of the âNational Classification of Economic Activities â CNAEâ that should consider waste water treatment, its workers and accidents they suffer. We found that many of the actual accidents were reported already decades ago; but manuals and procedures remained unchanged exhibiting, in addition, a language inaccessible for the workers. From the questionnaires, fully returned by the workers, we learned that the divulgement by CAGECE of safety procedures and accidents is transparent. This allowed a complete insight into accidents and risks occurring in waste water treatment plants.

The use of simulation as an upgrading tool has been tested on real wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Currently, the new WWTP have the possibility to monitor some process variables as the flows, oxygen concentrations and, some physical properties as temperature or pH. This thesis has been divided in two main sections: i) the use of the GPS-X software as an upgrading tool for real WWTP and ii) the use of the wavelet filter for the analysis of the online data / Els objectius que es planteja la present tesi doctoral són: i) efectuar una revisió dels models mecanístics de depuració d’aigües residuals, ii) avaluar-ne la fiabilitat en la simulació d’estacions depuradores d’aigües residuals reals, iii) estudiar la problemàtica de disposar de gran quantitat de dades en línia, iv) presentar la tècnica de filtrat de dades amb wavelets i v) avaluar la capacitat de filtrat de les wavelets en les dades disponibles en línia d’una EDAR urbana que enregistra els cabals d’operació i concentracions d’oxigen dissolt en línia

Tyrimo objektas: kombinuoti mechaninio nuotekų valymo įrenginiai esantys Balbieriškio, Kaišiadorių, Pasvalio ir Kuršėnų nuotekų valyklose. Tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti kombinuotų mechaninio nuotekų valymo įrenginių taikymo galimybes, atsižvelgiant į nuotekų charakteristikas, atlikti šių įrenginių privalumų ir trūkumų analizę. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Identifikuoti nuotekų valyklose esamus kombinuotus nuotekų valymo įrenginius. 2. Atrinkti nuotekų valyklas su skirtingais kombinuotais nuotekų valymo įrenginiais. 3. Išanalizuoti pasirinktose nuotekų valyklose atitekančių nuotekų charakteristikas. 4. Atlikti atrinktuose objektuose kombinuotų valymo įrenginių privalumų ir trūkumų analizę. Tyrimo metodas: ekspertinis vertinimas (vizualus vertinimas). Tyrimo rezultatai:  Trumpai aprašomi atrinkti objektai, kuriuose sumontuoti skirtingi kombinuoti mechaninio nuotekų valymo įrenginiai. Aprašomos kombainų techninės charakteristikos ir jų veikimas.  Atliekamas kombainų vertinimas pagal vertinimo kriterijus: įrenginių techninis patikimumas, valymo procesų technologinis stabilumas, valymo įrenginių kontrolės ir eksploatavimo ypatumai, valymo įrenginių priežiūros ir einamojo remonto ypatumai.  Gauti kombainų vertinimo rezultatai pagal 4 kriterijus panaudojami daugiakriterinei analizei, kuriai atlikti naudojama kompiuterinė programa DAM.  Atsižvelgiant į ekspertinio vertinimo ir daugiakriterinės analizės metu gautus rezultatus nustatyta, kad geriausias iš vertintų kombainų yra PASSAVANT... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the research: combined mechanical wastewater treatment facilities in the wastewater treatment plants of Balbieriškis, Kaišiadoriai, Pasvalys and Kuršėnai. Aim of research: to analyse the possibilities to apply combined mechanical wastewater treatment facilities, to perform the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of those treatment systems regarding the wastewater characteristics. Objectives of the research: 1. To identify combined wastewater treatment facilities located in the wastewater treatment plants. 2. To select the wastewater treatment plants with different combined wastewater treatment facilities. 3. To analyse the characteristics of wastewater coming into the selected wastewater treatment systems. 4. To perform the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of combined treatment facilities in the selected objects. Method of the research: expert evaluation (visual evaluation). Results of the research:  A short description of the selected objects where different combined mechanical wastewater treatment systems are installed. Technical characteristics and operation of combines are described.  An evaluation of combines is performed according to the following criteria: technical reliability of systems, technological stability of treatment processes, peculiarities of treatment plant monitoring and exploitation, peculiarities of maintenance and permanent repair of treatment plant systems.  The received results of combine evaluation are used for... [to full text]