Orientador: Mara Patricia Traina Chacon-Mikahil / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_ThiagoGaudensi_M.pdf: 557171 bytes, checksum: 20a4632f643fba785599c6d52fadf832 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Com o crescimento da população que está envelhecendo, evidencia-se a necessidade do estabelecimento de condutas que minimizem as perdas fisiológicas e as complicações relacionadas às limitações e doenças que surgem deste processo. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de 16 semanas de treinamento com pesos (TP) sobre a resistência a insulina (RI), a composição corporal (CC) e a força muscular (FM) em homens saudáveis com idades acima de 60 anos. Para tanto, fizeram parte da amostra 18 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sedentários e saudáveis, subdivididos em grupo treinamento (GT, n=10; 65±4 anos de idade; 82,42±12,32 kg de massa corporal; 103,43±10,68 cm de cintura; 27,56±3,31 kg/m2 de IMC) que foi submetido a um programa de TP durante 16 semanas e grupo controle (GC, n=8; 61±2 anos de idade; 84,45±13,10 kg de massa corporal; 102,88±11,05 cm de cintura; 28,49±4,32 kg/m2 de IMC) que não se envolveu com nenhuma rotina de exercícios físicos durante o segmento. Os grupos foram avaliados nos momentos pré e pós TP. A CC foi avaliada através da técnica de Absortometria Radiológica de Duplo Feixe de Energia (DEXA). Os indicadores de FM foram determinados pelo teste de 1 Repetição Máxima (1RM). A RI foi estimada pelo índice do Homeostasis Model Assesment (HOMA). O programa de TP consistiu em 10 exercícios com três séries de 15 repetições executados três vezes por semana em dias alternados. Reduções significativas (p<0,05) foram encontradas no GT para a gordura corporal relativa (%G; -4,73%). Diferenças significativas (p<0,05) foram encontradas nos percentuais de alteração dos grupos em relação à gordura corporal absoluta (GA) e massa livre de gordura (MLG). Aumentos significativos (p<0,05) foram encontrados também no GT para FM avaliada pelo teste de 1RM no supino reto (+41,95%), leg press (+30,15%) e rosca direta (+15,83%). No entanto, não foram observadas alterações significativas na glicemia, insulinemia e resistência à insulina em ambos os grupos estudados após o período experimental. O TP mostrou-se eficiente em promover alterações na CC e FM de indivíduos idosos, o que não ficou estatisticamente evidenciado quando analisou-se as alterações sobre a RI. Os resultados demonstram a importância do TP para reduzir os riscos relacionados com o desenvolvimento da RI em idosos, visto, por exemplo, seu efeito sobre a gordura corporal e força muscular. Contudo, a influência direta de tal treinamento sobre a RI nesta população necessita ainda ser mais estudada, considerando diferentes intensidades e durações do TP, além de diferentes técnicas de determinação da sensibilidade insulínica. / Abstract: With population longevity growth, becomes evident the necessity in establishing ways for physiological losses reduction and also, complications related to limitations and illness resulting from this process. So, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of weight training (WT) on insulin resistance (IR), body composition (BC) and muscle strength (MS) in healthy over 60 year-men. Eighteen sedentary, healthy men were divided into training group (TG, n=10; 65±4 years old; 82.42±12.32 kg of body mass; 103.43±10.68 cm waist measurement; 27.56±3.31 kg/m2 of IMC) who performed 16 weeks of WT and control group (CG, n=8; 61±2 years old; 84.45±13.10 kg of body mass; 102.88±11.05 cm waist measurement; 28.49±4.32 kg/m2 of IMC) who kept in a sedentary condition during the study. The groups were evaluated at the moments pre and post WT. BC by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) was determined. MS was evaluated by 1 repetition maximum test (1RM). IR was estimated by Homeostasis Model Assesment (HOMA) index. WT program consisted of a 10 exercises with three sets of 15 repetitions in three nonconsecutive days per week. Significant reductions (p<0,05) in percent body fat (%BF) were found for the TG (-4,73%). Significant results (p<0,05) were found in relative group changes related to total body fat (BF) and fat free mass (FFM). Significant increases (p<0,05) were also found for the TG in MS evaluated by 1RM on bench press (+41,95%), leg press (+30,15%) and arm curl (+15,83%). Significant changes on fasting glucose and insulin and on IR in both groups were not found after experimental period. WT showed to be efficient in promoting elderly BC and strength changes, which was not evident when changes on IR were analyzed. So, the results demonstrated WT importance in reducing risks related to IR development in the elderly due to, for example, its effect on body fat and muscle strength. However, the direct influence of WT on IR of this population needs to be more investigated, considering different possibilities of WT intensities and durations, and also different techniques of insulin sensibility determination. / Mestrado / Ciencias do Esporte / Mestre em Educação Física

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hand-weights and exaggerated arm swing on heart rate, blood pressure, and ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal walking. Twenty middle-aged (40- 59 years) female volunteers were given four submaximal treadmill tests at 3.0 mph and 0 grade. The four treatment conditions were as follows: 1) walking with unexaggerated arm swing (AS); 2) walking with unexaggerated arm swing with hand-held weights (ASHW); 3) walking with exaggerated arm swing (EAS), and 4) walking with exaggerated arm swing with hand-held weights (EASHW). The testing sequence was randomized and a minimum of 48 hr was given between tests.

No description available.

The aim of this study is to monitor short-term seasonal development of young Olympic weightlifters’ anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance. Fifteen male weightlifters aged 13.2 1.3 years participated in this study. Tests for the assessment of anthropometry (e.g., body-height, body-mass), body-composition (e.g., lean-body-mass, relative fat-mass), muscle strength (grip-strength), jump performance (drop-jump (DJ) height, countermovement-jump (CMJ) height, DJ contact time, DJ reactive-strength-index (RSI)), dynamic balance (Y-balance-test), and sport-specific performance (i.e., snatch and clean-and-jerk) were conducted at different time-points (i.e., T1 (baseline), T2 (9 weeks), T3 (20 weeks)). Strength tests (i.e., grip strength, clean-and-jerk and snatch) and training volume were normalized to body mass. Results showed small-to-large increases in body-height, body-mass, lean-body-mass, and lower-limbs lean-mass from T1-to-T2 and T2-to-T3 (D0.7–6.7%; 0.1 d 1.2). For fat-mass, a significant small-sized decrease was found from T1-to-T2 (D13.1%; d = 0.4) and a significant increase from T2-to-T3 (D9.1%; d = 0.3). A significant main effect of time was observed for DJ contact time (d = 1.3) with a trend toward a significant decrease from T1-to-T2 (D–15.3%; d = 0.66; p = 0.06). For RSI, significant small increases from T1-to-T2 (D9.9%, d = 0.5) were noted. Additionally, a significant main effect of time was found for snatch (d = 2.7) and clean-and-jerk (d = 3.1) with significant small-to-moderate increases for both tests from T1-to-T2 and T2-to-T3 (D4.6–11.3%, d = 0.33 to 0.64). The other tests did not change significantly over time (0.1 d 0.8). Results showed significantly higher training volume for sport-specific training during the second period compared with the first period (d = 2.2). Five months of Olympic weightlifting contributed to significant changes in anthropometry, body-composition, and sport-specific performance. However, hardly any significant gains were observed for measures of physical fitness. Coaches are advised to design training programs that target a variety of fitness components to lay an appropriate foundation for later performance as an elite athlete.

The purpose of this study was to investigate two different plyometric training techniques for increasing vertical jumping ability. Twenty-four female high school volleyball players were matched for height and weight and distributed equally among three groups. Each subject performed a vertical jump test, Margaria power test, Wingate bicycle test, and an isokinetic leg strength test prior to and following six weeks of training. Plyometric training significantly (p<.05) improved vertical jumping ability and some indices of leg strength and power. Weighted plyometrics did not enhance performance more than plyometrics alone. These data support the view that plyometric training with or without added weights enhances vertical jumping and leg power.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease affects a greater proportion of females than it does males, and is responsible for an estimated 52 percent of female deaths per annum, globally. Due to the loss of oestrogen associated with the menopause, post-menopausal females are at elevated risk for hypercholesterolaemia which is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It has not yet been conclusively established whether resistance training can be used to ameliorate hypercholesterolaemia. Aim: This randomized controlled trial investigated what effect 12 weeks of progressive resistance training would have on plasma lipoproteins in a sample of post-menopausal females. Methods: Caucasian women (n=30 intervention and n=18 control) between the ages of 55 and 65 years who were not taking hormone replacement therapy were recruited. Participants did not smoke, were sedentary, were not taking any form of cholesterol-lowering medication, had at least one cholesterol abnormality at baseline but were otherwise healthy and able to participate in a strength training programme. Following extensive medical pre-screening, information dissemination and voluntary consent, the sample was divided into two groups. The exercise sample undertook 12 weeks of resistance training on five days of the week. The control group received no intervention. Measurements were obtained at baseline and every four weeks thereafter and included measures of strength, biochemistry (oestradiol, testosterone, full blood lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin and sex hormone binding globulin), anthropometry, morphology and self-reports (dietary intake, energy expenditure and the profile of mood states questionnaire). Results: There was no change to low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride content or total cholesterol as a result of the intervention. Back, chest and leg strength increased significantly (p<0.01) (increases of 51 percent, 35 percent and 43 percent respectively from baseline); waist circumference dropped (p<0.01) by 5 percent overall and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (-9 percent, p<0.01) in the exercise cohort but no change was noted in the matched control. Dietary intake, energy expenditure and body mass remained unchanged in both samples. Morphology (sum of skinfolds, estimated body fat content and girth measures) did not change and nor did other biochemical measures (HbA1c and sex hormone binding globulin) or hormone levels (oestradiol and testosterone). Despite the lack of overall change, an important finding was noted in individual results where a clear indication of ‘responders’ and ‘non-responders’ emerged. Conclusion: Overall mean results suggest that 12 weeks resistance training undertaken five days of the week was ineffective in reducing hypercholesterolaemia in this sample. Despite there being no identifying characteristics determined in this sample, evidence of responders and non-responders to the intervention indicates that reliance on mean data may not be sufficient when analysing data from exercise interventions. Therefore, while progressive resistance training had a positive effect on strength, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure, it did not positively influence the plasma lipoproteins in this cohort of post-menopausal women. / Maiden name: Kelly, Janet Erica

Orientador: Mara Patricia Traina Chacon-Mikahil / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T16:14:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_ClaudineiFerreirados_M.pdf: 925415 bytes, checksum: ccc25cca6ef6562dc893c089553dd51b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os possíveis efeitos do treinamento com pesos sobre os indicadores da composição corporal e força muscular após 24 semanas de treinamento com pesos. Vinte e oito indivíduos saudáveis, do sexo masculino, foram divididos em 2 grupos: grupo treinamento (n=14), que foi submetido a 24 semanas de treinamento com pesos e grupo controle (n=14) que se manteve sem qualquer envolvimento com programas regulares de exercícios físicos. Durante o período experimental a composição corporal foi determinada por absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DEXA). O teste de uma ação voluntária máxima (AVM) foi aplicado como indicador de força muscular em três exercícios (supino em banco horizontal, agachamento e rosca direta de bíceps). O teste t de Student foi utilizado para as comparações entre as características físicas iniciais dos grupos. ANOVA e ANCOVA para medidas repetidas, seguidas pelo teste post hoc de Scheffé, foram utilizadas para o tratamento dos dados. O coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson foi adotado para estabelecer a correlação entre as modificações das variáveis analisadas. Verificaram-se aumentos significativos na massa corporal e massa isenta de gordura somente para o grupo treinamento (+6,5% e 6,7%, respectivamente). O grupo treinamento aumentou significativamente os indicadores de força muscular em 24%, 31% e 21% (p<0,001), nos exercícios supino, agachamento e rosca direta, respectivamente. A carga absoluta levantada e a carga relativa à massa corporal aumentaram significativamente em 27% e 19,2%, respectivamente (p<0,001). Os resultados indicaram que 24 semanas de treinamento com pesos foram eficientes para gerar modificações importantes na composição corporal e nos indicadores de força muscular neste grupo estudado / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to analyze the possible effects of the weight training on the components of the body composition and the muscular strength after 24 weeks of weight training. Twenty-eight healthy individuals, of the masculine sex, were divided into two groups: group training (n=14), that was submitted to 24 weeks of weight training and group controls (n=14) that stayed without any involvement with regular programs of physical exercises. The body composition was determinated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer (DEXA). The test of a maximum voluntary action (AVM) was applied as strength indicator in three exercises (bench press, squat, and arm curl). The test t of Student was used for the comparisons among the initial physical characteristics of the groups. ANOVA and ANCOVA with repeated measures followed by the test post hoc from Scheffé, when p < 0.05, were used for data treatment. Pearson¿s coefficient of linear correlation was adopted to establish the correlation among the modifications of the analyzed variables. Significant increases were only verified in the body mass and lean body mass of fat only for the group training (+6,5% and 6,7%, respectively). The group training increased the muscular strength indicators significantly in 24%, 31% and 21% (p <0,001), in the exercises bench press, squat and arm curl, respectively. The lifted absolute load and the relative load to the body mass increased significantly in 27% and 19,2%, respectively (p<0,001). The results indicated that 24 weeks of training with weights were efficient to generate important modifications in the body composition and in the muscular strength indicators in this studied grou / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Educação Fisica

The information covered in this project is intended to give the physical educator and coach an easy-to-follow manual with illustrations to guide them through basic instructions on the parallel squat. This project will include biomechanical principles of the squat exercise.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different strength training modes on joint range of motion. The problem of the study was to compare Nautilus to free-weight training modes in terms of selected joints' ranges of motion before and after an eight-week strength training program. The hypothesis asserted was that there was no difference between pre-test and post-test scores when comparing Nautilus to free-weight training modes. Subjects were thirty college-age students enrolled in beginning weight-training classes at the University of the Pacific. The subjects were acquired from intact classes and comprised two groups of 9 males and 6 females each. Pre-test and post-test flexibility measures were acquired by use of a Leighton Flex-o-meter and sit-and-reach protocols. Single joint measures of shoulder flexion, extension and abduction, hip flexion, extension and abduction, elbow flexion, knee flexion, and low back flexion were acquired. For eight weeks, two times per week, each class completed an 8 to 12 repetitions per each exercise protocol following the principles of training asserted by Nautilus. Pre-test data for all bilateral joints were statistically analyzed with paired t-tests in order to determine any differences. No significant bilateral differences were found; consequently, these data were converted to eight single measures of average range of motion of the joints respectively. Pretest data then were analyzed with two-factor ANOV A (group x gender) in order to determine if the two intact classes initially represented the same population. The only measure in which a group difference was found was shoulder extension (p

No description available.