Denna rapport ligger till grund för ett examensarbete för kandidatexamen, Teknisk design vid Luleå tekniska universitet. Projektet utfördes under tio veckor våren 2018 och omfattar 15 högskolepoäng. Det är ett utvecklingsprojekt av en egen idé.    Psykisk ohälsa bland unga har ökat markant under 10 år. Via ett pressmeddelande informerade Socialstyrelsen (2017) att ökningen för unga vuxna i åldern mellan 18–24 år är 70% mellan åren 2006–2016. Det väckte denna formulering: • Skulle en bättre planerad vardag kunna bidra till ökad upplevelse av välmående?  Projektet är ett eget uppdrag där ett koncept för ett planeringsverktyg har tagits fram. Målgrupp för projektet är unga personer mellan 20–30 år som varit utbrända. Målet är att ta fram ett planeringsverktyg som bidrar till att öka upplevelsen av välmående hos målgruppen. Syftet med projektet är att hjälpa unga personer som varit utbrända att planera och underlätta vardagen.   Tidigt i projektet upprättades en projektplan samt ett tidsschema för projektet. Teori om stress, mobilens påverkan och designaspekter samlades in till projektet genom böcker och artiklar. Projektet är baserat på processen Human centered design där användarens behov och förutsättningar är i fokus.   Information samlades in för att definiera användarnas behov och för att skapa förståelse kring situationen. Detta gjordes med en enkätundersökning samt med hjälp av intervjuer.   Därefter togs idéer fram med metoden brainstorming, detta gjordes tillsammans med fyra personer. Idéerna som tagits fram användes sedan tillsammans med metoden morfologisk matris där koncept framtogs. Tillsammans med fyra andra personer utfördes metoden morfologisk matris, detta resulterade i att tre koncept valdes att gå vidare med. Koncept Nyckelring, koncept Pärm och koncept Cirkel.   Prototyper av koncepten tillverkades och användes med metoden upplevelseprototypa, fyra användare testade koncepten och därefter valdes koncept Cirkel för vidare utveckling. Konceptets funktion samt design vidareutvecklades och resulterade i det slutliga konceptet Pocket time.  Pocket time är en portabel dagsplanerare som visualiserar dygnets 24 timmar. Användaren fyller själv i Pocket time med det som ska göras under dagen. Konceptet ger sedan en överblick på dagens planering samt vilken tid en aktivitet ska utföras och även beräknad tid en aktivitet tar. / This report is the result of a bachelor degree project at Luleå technical university. The project was ongoing during spring 2018, covering 10 weeks and is a development project built upon an own idea.  Mental health among youth has increased drastic between the years 2006 – 2016. In a press statement by the national board of health and welfare (2017), they presented news that people with psychosocial problems had increased by 70% in the in the range between 18-24 years old people. This information led to the idea, if the everyday planning was better, would it contribute to better well-being?  This project has been about developing a concept for a planning tool. The intended user group is people between 20 and 30 years old whose been burned out in the past. The goal was to develop a planning tool for people that has been burned out and increase the perception of well-being among the target group. The aim for the project is to help young persons that has been burned out to have a better life experience in everyday life by planning.   A timeframe and a project plan was set up early into the project. Information about the theory of stress, influence of cell phone use, and design aspects were collected through literature and articles. The project has followed the process of Human Centered Design.  Information was gathered to define user needs and to understand the context. This was done using surveys and interviews.   In the middle phase of the project ideas were generated by brainstorming session with four persons. The ideas were then put in use in the morphological chart method, resulting in concept generation. The morphological chart was performed together with four people and three concepts were developed named Nyckelring, Pärm and Cirkel.   The concepts were then developed into prototypes and tested with the users. Four users tested the concepts and thereafter concept Cirkel was chosen for development. The concept function and design were explored and resulted in the final concept Pocket Time. Pocket time is a portable day planner with overview over all 24 hours in a day. Pocket time can be filled in with everyday activity and the concept gives overview over day-planning and activities.

This thesis deals with the specifics of subjectively perceived well-being of early and mid adolescents (11 - 15 years) who are curretly living in Czech foster homes. The purpose of this study is to describe whether their life satisfaction differ from those, who are growing up with biological parents. If so, in what aspects and why. The theoretical part focuses on various concepts of well-being, current institutional care situation in the Czech Republic, its benefits and risks, the developmental period of early and mid adolescence with its outstanding characteristics. In addition, the newest studies related to the topic are covered. The practical part includes mixed approaches (both quantitative and qualitative) through the KIDSCREEN- 52 questionnaire and suplemental anamnestic questionnaire. In total 53 children from 8 different foster homes filled out both questionnaires. The research results show, that life satisfaction of children in institutional care is in three domains (moods and emotions, school environment, social acceptance and bullying) lower in comparison with children who are living with their families. No significant differences were found in the remaining seven domains. Children from foster homes are satisfied with both biological parents and professional carers. They tend to idealise...

A aplicação do conceito de serviços ecossistêmicos à avaliação de impactos ambientais (AIA) pode resultar em uma análise integrada dos efeitos sociais e ambientais de projetos e contribuir para solução de algumas das deficiências recorrentes da prática de AIA. Com objetivo de testar a aplicabilidade de uma abordagem de serviços ecossistêmicos (ASE) foi selecionado um projeto de uma nova mina de ferro, em Minas Gerais. O estudo de impacto ambiental (EIA) desse projeto foi elaborado segundo uma perspectiva tradicional, focada nas perdas ou danos potenciais aos recursos ambientais e culturais e suas respectivas mitigações. O projeto está localizado em uma região prioritária para conservação da biodiversidade e a sua população afetada é principalmente composta por agricultores de subsistência sem acesso a saneamento básico e outros serviços públicos. A coleta de dados foi feita mediante análise documental (EIA e seus complementos) e avaliações expeditas de campo (observação direta e mini surveys). A análise dos resultados se deu por meio da comparação entre os resultados obtidos pelo teste e as etapas do processo de AIA. Os resultados apontam que a ASE: (1) proporciona uma análise integrada dos impactos sobre os meios físico, biótico e social; (2) pode melhorar a determinação do escopo do EIA e consequente identificação e avaliação dos impactos; (3) permitiu identificar impactos adversos significativos que não foram descritos no EIA; (4) facilita a identificação e avaliação de impactos cumulativos; que: (5) nem todos os impactos identificados normalmente pela AIA podem ser identificados pela ASE; e (6) a escala de análise e coleta de dados da ASE deve ser de detalhe, considerando especialmente os beneficiários dos serviços impactados. O teste também permitiu identificar as limitações da ASE, que se dão principalmente devido à sua inerente complexidade, à falta de consolidação do conceito e à dificuldade de analisar alguns serviços, principalmente os reguladores. Apesar da complexidade da ASE, a integração do conceito de serviços ecossistêmicos à prática atual de AIA poderá promover uma reestruturação de algumas de suas etapas. Tal reestruturação conduz a uma melhor análise de impactos, desde que esta seja realizada de maneira integrada e em escala compatível com a identificação detalhada dos serviços e seus beneficiários. / The integrated analysis of the social and biophysical impacts of a project, called herein ecosystem services approach (ESA) can overcome perceived shortcomings of the current environmental impact assessment (EIA) practice. Aiming at testing this approach, the EIA of a new iron ore mining project in Brazil was reviewed. The environmental impact study (EIS) filed in compliance with legislation was prepared under a \"traditional\" approach, focused on the potential loss or harm to environmental and cultural resources. The project is located in a region of high biodiversity conservation value. The affected population is mainly composed of subsistence farmers with poor access to social services. Data was collected through document analysis (EIS and its supplements) and rapid appraisal (direct observation and mini surveys). Findings were discussed in relation to the literature on the main steps of the EIA process. It was found that the ESA: (1) provides for biophysical effects to be described in integration with social impacts; (2) can improve scoping with consequent gains in impact identification and analysis; (3) can identify impacts not described in the EIS; (4) facilitates the identification of cumulative impacts; and (5) not all impacts identified in the EIS can be identified by the ESA; (6) the scale of data collection and analysis in the ESA should be detailed and focused in the beneficiaries of the affected ecosystem services. The test also led to the identification of limitations in the approach. They are mainly due to its inherent complexity, the lack of conceptual consolidation and the difficulties of analyzing some ecosystem services, especially regulating services. Despite these limitations, the inclusion of ecosystem services in EIA practice could lead to improvements in impacts analysis, provided that the approach is conducted in an integrated way and adopts detailed scales.

In recent years substantial investment has been made to replace or refurbish state schools in England and Wales and, although research has unsuccessfully sought to prove its contribution, the discipline of Design continues to be identified as a facilitator of educational transformation. Results to date, however, are mixed and there is an evident failing at the design briefing stage to understand how children interact with their educational settings and, notably, an avoidance of direct challenge to the primary school classroom and its practice. In response, this thesis asks how the social and cultural study of children’s relationships with their physical school can suggest a meaningful approach to primary school architecture and furniture design. A model of well-being is developed to clarify misused terminology and to present a realistic expectation of design in which the contradictory goals of inclusion and the development of the individual are appraised. Sitting within a diverse grounded methodology, the concept of belonging is then explored as a basis for evaluating the contribution of different aspects of the physical school to children’s well-being. The primary school environments studied were found to limit the possibilities of a child’s well-being. School architecture through to classroom wall displays were complicit in restricting physical and social expression in favour of school organisation and, furthermore, the central child-teacher relationship was found to be unnecessarily devalued by behavioural concerns derived from the setting. By ethically interpreting the rich variety of children’s voices, priorities for what is coined here as child-teacher centred design are established and a clear relationship between architecture and furniture is offered. The thesis recommends that architecture continues to perform a protective classroom role to support objectives of inclusion whilst school furniture supports more affective, individualistic goals through less prescriptive and more varied settings for learning.

This thesis is based around five studies examining the psychology of interpersonal communication applied to organizational settings. The studies are designed to examine the question of how the way that people in positions of power in organizations communicate with subordinates, affects various measures of health, well-being and productivity. It is impossible to study modern organisational communication without recognising the importance of electronic communication. The use of e-mail and other forms of text messaging is now ubiquitous in all areas of communication. The studies in this thesis include the use of e-mail as a medium of communication and examine some of the potential effects of electronic versus face-to-face and verbal communication. The findings of the studies support the basic hypothesis that: it is not what is said that matters but how it is said. The results showed that an unsupportive, formal, authoritarian style of verbal or written communication is likely to have a negative effect on health, well-being and productivity compared with a supportive, informal and egalitarian style. There are also indications that the effects of damaging communications may not be confined to the initial recipient of the message. Organizational communication does not take place in a vacuum. Any negative consequences are likely to be transmitted by the recipient, either back to the sender or on to other colleagues with implications for the wider organisational climate. These findings are based on communications that would not necessarily be immediately recognised as obviously offensive or bullying, or even uncivil. The effects of these relatively mild but unsupportive communications may have implications for the selection and training of managers. In the final section of the thesis there is a discussion of how examples of various electronically recorded messages might be used as training material.

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals must regularly navigate stigma, or social situations in which they are devalued because of their sexual orientation. The research has well established minority stress processes which link situations of stigma to reports of poor psychological well-being. However, protective factors leading to healthy psychological well-being are relatively understudied. This dissertation is a review of protective factors that have already emerged in the research and an assessment of these protective factors simultaneously to better understand how they influence psychological well-being. I recruited adult sexual minority participants using a comprehensive social media approach. I then tested mastery, problem-solving coping, cognitive flexibility, structural factors, social support, self-compassion, hope, community connectedness, meaning making, and emotional openness on both measurements of positive and negative psychological well-being. Boosted regression analyses were used to assess the relative influence of the protective factors and while accounting for multicollinearity among the many protective factors. This was followed by OLS regression for cross validation. Results of the boosted regression trees indicate that hope, mastery, self-compassion, and social support are the most influential protective factors. This was supported by the OLS regressions. These results point to individual and social factors that affect psychological well-being of sexual minorities. Ultimately this dissertation provides a focused target for future research on intervention using these top protective factors. Additionally, this dissertation expands protective factors previously only examined in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals to a broader sexual minority population.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are events that take place during one’s youth that may be stressful or traumatic (Adverse Childhood Experiences, 2017) and a strong focus within this body of knowledge has been on the experiences of childhood neglect and abuse. Emerging adulthood is a distinct developmental phase of the life course characterized by extensive self-exploration and consideration about the future (Arnett, 2000). Given that identity exploration continues to be important during emerging adulthood, it is important to study ACEs and the effects they have on the emerging adult who is making decisions regarding their future. Much of the literature on ACEs has been dedicated to establishing the relationship between ACEs and negative health outcomes. For instance, research has shown that ACEs have been linked to increased risks for suicide attempt and ideation throughout one’s lifespan (Sachs-Ericsson et. al, 2016) and has also been associated with feelings of anxiety (Briggs & Price, 2009), guilt (Kaess et. al, 2013), and depression (Briggs & Price, 2009). Therefore, ACEs and negative health outcomes have already been strongly confirmed. The positive psychology movement (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014) has brought to scholars’ attention the need to expand on conceptualizations of what it means to be doing well. Specifically, it is no longer sufficient to define optimal well-being only in terms of the absence of negative outcomes. In order to assess holistic well-being, consideration must also be given to positive factors. A recent review of the literature yielded no studies that have explored the presence, or absence, of positive well-being factors in conjunction to negative health outcomes among those having experienced ACEs. In order to obtain a true understanding of holistic well-being at critical developmental junctures, the current study moves beyond a sole focus on pathology by also considering how life satisfaction and subjective happiness manifest during emerging adulthood in relation to ACEs. Data on 284 participants were collected and analysis is forthcoming. Participants were recruited through the use of physical flyer postings, social media advertisements, and through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (mTurk) system. Regression analysis and bivariate assessments will be used to explore the relationship between ACEs and depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and survivor’s guilt. Findings will be discussed in terms of broadening our understanding of the impacts to holistic well being for as related to ACEs during a rather critical and busy developmental juncture, emerging adulthood. Moving beyond pathology-focused models will expand on professional practice by utilizing frameworks embedded within a strengths-based approach. Educators, advocates, practitioners, and clinicians can utilize this this knowledge to enhance their work with clients and the services provided.

From the viewpoint of Self-Determination Theory, this study evaluated theoretically competing models examining the relationships among one’s fear of missing out (FOMO) and multiple indicators of relatedness (satisfaction and frustration) with well-being (life satisfaction) and ill-being (depression) among a sample of emerging adults. The first model conceptualized that higher levels of FOMO would be related to higher levels of depressive symptomology and lower levels of life satisfaction, and that relationship would be mediated by relatedness satisfaction and frustration. Alternatively, the second model conceptualized that relatedness satisfaction would serve as a moderator of the relationship between FOMO and depressive symptomology and life satisfaction. Model 1 results indicated that an individual’s FOMO was associated with lower relatedness satisfaction and higher relatedness frustration, and, in turn, both forms of relatedness were significantly associated with perceptions of life satisfaction and depression. Model 2 results also indicated that one’s relatedness satisfaction or frustration did not serve as a moderator between the relationship of FOMO and well-being or ill-being. Discussion of the importance of relationship attachments, as well as clinical implications, will be included.

Book Summary: This volume offers an overview of the latest research on perinatal adaptation among women who have faced trauma, loss and/or adversity, both in childhood and/or as an adult, and describes the varied trajectories of adaptive and maladaptive coping that follow. The range of outcomes considered span from health-limiting (e.g. mental illness, substance use, unhealthy life style behaviours) to health-promoting (e.g. resilience and posttraumatic growth). These outcomes are examined both in relation to mothers’ experience of motherhood and parenting, and with regard to their children’s lives. Interpersonal trauma, experienced in childhood and/or or adulthood, can have a profound effect on how women experience the transition into motherhood – from pregnancy, to childbirth, and postpartum caregiving. Women across the globe are exposed to high rates of interpersonal violence, and face the physical and emotional consequences of such events. The shift into motherhood is an emotionally evocative period in a woman’s life, entailing not only challenges, but also the potential for healing and growth. Individual chapters will present state-of-the-art research, and will also highlight the voices of women who have personally experienced trauma, illustrating the effects on their experiences as mothers. Throughout the book, the consistent emphasis is on clinical implications and on ways that providers can create a context for healing and growth with the help of current evidence-based and promising treatment methods.

There is a dearth of psychological research with Polynesian populations in the United States Research on this population is needed to meet the demands of this increasingly growing population. This study aims to investigate the psychological well-being of an understudied Latter-day Saint (LDS) Polynesian American emerging adult group in order to better provide them with cultural-specific professional psychological services. The sample included 327 LDS Polynesian American emerging adults ranging from 18 to 26 years of age (191 females, 136 males). Specifically, this study examines the associations among coping strategies, religiosity, ethnic identity, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. An online questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and path analyses were conducted to examine relationships among variables. The results yield findings that are unique to this specific population. This study's results found family support, religiosity, and ethnic identity to be influential among LDS Polynesian emerging adults with regards to their psychological well-being. As this study mentions, identifying and recognizing the influential cultural values on well-being for this population can contribute to assisting mental health professionals provide culturally sensitive and appropriate interventions for their LDS Polynesian American emerging adult clients.