The thesis focuses on the subject of multicultural coexistence with the stress on the western European and north European countries. It proposes the main thesis, if this multicultural coexistence, in its present form, is or is not functioning, and if there is the potential for future also. The question also is, if there really comes the so called "crisis of multiculturalism" and so there would be substantive transformation necessary in the future. As the background for this research will serve the theoretical part of the thesis, which tries to show the different approaches to the multicultural phenomenon on the academical ground and their emergence. The second empirical part will illustrate, on the example of three European countries Sweden, Germany and France, how these theoretical models can appear in the reality.

Yes / Justice, Care and the Welfare State presents a justice theory to guide welfare policies across Western societies. As the author highlights “the main value of this book is to provide some insight into how Western welfare states can be reformed to better promote justice under contemporary social and economic conditions” (p.3).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As the title of the dissertation presents, this is a study on the contemporary paradigmatic transitions at the University. However, on the elaboration were made some assumptions and beliefs concerning due process in the composition of the western societies institutions, which was previously considered some existents unbabelization processes , this term being used to represent the increasing accessibility of western societies on their institutions. As an example, we tried to work with three representative fields of this process: political, cultural and environmental fields. However, the empirical research have been leaned to the observation of the cultural field, which presented facts and ideas in the context of the Universidad de la República, where are coming up the implementation of the integrality proposal . This proposal shows the direction for the development of other university institutional model, dedicated, mainly, to interdisciplinary, integration between the general function of the university - Education, Research and Extension -, for horizontal dialogue with popular cultures, to evidence the social commitment of this institution, etc. In this sense, we tried to understand societies as transitional forms and continuously changing. These perspectives were subsidized to some theoretical supports, they are; The Structuration Theory, by Anthony Giddens, which integrates structure and action to read the societies constitution, revealing the potential of the critical reflection process for social transformation; Chaos Theory, inserting unsolved problems showed by Giddens Theory, as the unconscious and unintended action consequences; and, moreover, was tried to reflect about the implications of modern design in societies, and in the development of the academic spaces of formation and transformation, in this case, using the contributions of Jack Mezirow, who brings the Transformative Learning Theory. As will be showed reading this dissertation, interacts here, especially with Critical Theory, as an indicator for social transformation processes; Chaos Theory, as an indicator of complexity and chaos presence on the social construction of reality; Complexity Science, as an indicator of seeking to paradigmatic overcome and the emergence of other western cultural dialogue, and; Deep Ecology, as an indicator of the elements in the quest for environmental sustainability. The empirical research, organized with participants of activities conducted within the framework of the integrality proposal , aimed to find indicators for the observation of unbabelization process , and tried to observe the potential skills of pedagogical proposes to promote critical reflection on its members, looking to the use of different methodological tools and their participatory action research approaches, realizing that like the institutional idealization of UDELAR to conduct the formative spaces. Briefly, was observed the guidelines proposals and idealizations for the academic formation, relative to agricultural sciences, understanding them as susceptive to multiple influences. Finally, there was a discussion about the difficulties presented to the expected transitions in the three fields studied, in order to support the unbabelization process , however, the progress of the indicated process claims to the need of promote various dialogues, about politics, in public management, about culture, in the management and production of knowledge, about environment, within the quest for sustainability. In this context, was understood that these dialogues are not comfortable to the western societies, emerging a big question: will it be possible, to the western societies, overcome the comfort paradox ? / Conforme o título da dissertação apresenta, este é um estudo sobre as transições paradigmáticas contemporâneas na Universidade. Para sua elaboração foram assumidos alguns pressupostos e crenças relativos a tendências de mudanças na composição das instituições das sociedades ocidentais, argumentando-se da ocorrência de processos de desbabelização, este termo sendo utilizado para representar a crescente acessibilidade às instituições. Exemplificadamente, buscou-se trabalhar como se manifesta esta tendência em três campos representativos: o campo político com a tendência à descentralização, o campo cultural com integração do conhecimento científico e popular e no campo ambiental com a busca pela coexistência entre natureza e sociedade. Como se observará na leitura desta dissertação, interage-se aqui, principalmente, com a Teoria Crítica, como indicadora para as transformações sociais; a Teoria do Caos, como indicadora da complexidade e caoticidade da construção social da realidade; a Ciência da Complexidade, como indicadora da busca de superação paradigmática e da emergência de outro diálogo cultural ocidental, e; a Ecologia Profunda, como indicadora dos elementos para a busca da sustentabilidade ambiental. Assumindo o pressuposto de que as sociedades encontram-se em transição para fazer frente à problemática da sustentabilidade, recorrem-se à referenciais capazes de propiciar entendimento sobre dinâmica da mudança social. Entre os suportes teóricos aos quais se recorreu estão; A Teoria da Estruturação, de Anthony Giddens, a qual integra estrutura e ação na leitura da constituição da sociedade, revelando o potencial do processo de reflexão crítica para a transfomação social; A Teoria do Caos, inserindo-se em questões que em Giddens não encontram-se totalmente esgotadas, como o inconsciente e as consequencias não-intencionais da ação; e, além disso, buscou-se refletir sobre as implicações do projeto moderno nas sociedades e, no desenvolvimento dos espaços acadêmicos de formação e transformação, neste caso, utilizando os aportes de Jack Mezirow, com a Teoria do Aprendizado Transformativo. Num segundo momento realizou-se estudo de caso sobre a proposta da integralidade da Universidad de La republica Uruguai. Assim, a pesquisa empírica inclinou-se, principalmente, para a observação do campo cultural, Esta proposta evidencia o direcionamento para o desenvolvimento de outro modelo institucional universitário, voltado, principalmente, a interdisciplinaridade, a integração entre as funções gerais da universidade Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão -, para o diálogo horizontal com as culturas populares, para evidenciar o compromisso social desta instituição. A pesquisa empírica, realizada com participantes de espaços conduzidos no marco da proposta da integralidade, visou compreender o processo formativo frente à tendência à desbabelização, bem como, visualizar as potenciais capacidades desta proposta pedagógica para a promoção da reflexão crítica em seus participantes, observando as diferentes ferramentas metodológicas utilizadas e suas aproximações com a pesquisa-ação participativa, entendendo esta como a idealização institucional da UDELAR para a condução dos espaços de formação. Finalmente, realizou-se uma discussão sobre as dificuldades apresentadas para as transições esperadas nos três campos estudados, no sentido de subsidiar o processo de desbabelização, entretanto, o desenrolar do mesmo indica a necessidade da promoção de distintos diálogos: o político, no âmbito da gestão pública; o cultural, no âmbito da gestão e produção de conhecimentos; o ambiental, no âmbito da busca pela sustentabilidade. Neste contexto, entendeu-se que estes não são diálogos que colocam as sociedades ocidentais em posições confortáveis, levantando uma grande questão: Será possível, para as sociedades ocidentais, superar o paradoxo do conforto ?

The increased usage of media and technology has not only opened new areas for bullies, but also made the visible form of bullying invisible. In addition, movements like ‘me too’ have blossomed showing that sexual harassment is and has been a prevalent issue in the Western world for a long time. Simultaneously, adolescents’ suicide rates have increased. Therefore, selecting a Young Adult (YA) novel like 13 Reasons Why for the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom may work to address these topical issues and possibly help students understand the consequences of bullying and sexual harassment.

<p>The 21st century imposes totally new challenges on businesses, different from anything they have experienced before, due to a very high degree of complexity and uncertainty. These transformations, in eco-political as well as in social spheres, imply a new conceptualization of leadership. We provide an understanding of leadership based on art, since we regard art as a medium incorporating unaccountable aspects of human life. This unaccountable dimension moreover, is of crucial importance in organizations nowadays, in order to provide the working atmosphere people need in order to excel at work. Thus, leaders have to become aware of the quality of relationship they create based on social interaction with the people they lead. What might be crucial elements composing the art of leadership in this relationship is well researched by a number of qualitative dialogues with experts in the domain of leadership, grounded in specific deepening literature study and thoroughly depicted in this thesis.</p>

The 21st century imposes totally new challenges on businesses, different from anything they have experienced before, due to a very high degree of complexity and uncertainty. These transformations, in eco-political as well as in social spheres, imply a new conceptualization of leadership. We provide an understanding of leadership based on art, since we regard art as a medium incorporating unaccountable aspects of human life. This unaccountable dimension moreover, is of crucial importance in organizations nowadays, in order to provide the working atmosphere people need in order to excel at work. Thus, leaders have to become aware of the quality of relationship they create based on social interaction with the people they lead. What might be crucial elements composing the art of leadership in this relationship is well researched by a number of qualitative dialogues with experts in the domain of leadership, grounded in specific deepening literature study and thoroughly depicted in this thesis.

La question du statut des objets issus des sociétés extra-occidentales conservés dans les musées occidentaux restait posée, jusqu’à récemment, dans les termes du paradigme construit au cours du vingtième siècle opposant le statut ethnographique au statut esthétique, et à partir d’une conception intrinsèque du statut des objets. La controverse suscitée par l’annonce du projet du musée du quai Branly au sein des communautés anthropologique et muséale en témoigne. Cette recherche propose de renouveler l’approche du statut des objets extra-occidentaux en adoptant une conception extrinsèque du statut des objets. Elle repose sur deux analyses sémiotiques successives de l’exposition permanente du musée du quai Branly. La première vise à analyser séparément et exhaustivement les registres médiatiques de l’espace, scriptovisuel et audiovisuel qui composent, avec le registre des objets, l’exposition ; la seconde à analyser, au sein d’un corpus restreint d’unités d’exposition, l’interaction des registres, dans le but final d’identifier les processus interprétatifs producteurs du sens des objets. L’objectif de cette double analyse consiste à vérifier que l’exposition permanente du musée du quai Branly assigne le statut d’objet de patrimoine aux objets issus des sociétés extra-occidentales qu’il conserve.La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à restituer la construction de la question de recherche, qui porte surle caractère patrimonial du statut des objets de musée extra-occidentaux, et à rendre compte des moyens méthodologiques mis en oeuvre pour y répondre. La deuxième partie, consacrée aux résultats de l’analyse séparée des registres, confirme que les marqueurs nécessaires à l’assignation du statut patrimonial des objets extra-occidentaux, les mondes d’origines ailleurs et muséaux, sont bien certifiés dans l’exposition. Elle montre également la mobilisation particulière du registre de l’espace. L’ensemble incite à formuler l’hypothèse que l’espace ne constitue pas un interprétant des objets, que les mondes d’origine ailleurs et muséaux occupent une place secondaire dans l’assignation du statut des objets et, finalement, que les objets sont les principaux interprétants des objets. Enfin, la troisième partie permet de vérifier que la certification de l’appartenance des objets à leur double monde d’origine est bien réalisée par le traitement muséal, l’exposition assigne donc bien le statut de patrimoine aux objets exposés, mais elle montre aussi que les éléments de la certification apparaissent comme secondaires, tandis que la production du sens des objets par la relation entre les objets favorise l’assignation d’un autre statut de l’objet : le statut de curiosité. En s’appuyant sur la production de la signification des objets par le dispositif d’exposition pour le visiteur, cette recherche permet de penser, plus largement, la capacité de l’exposition à proposer un discours neutre qui modifie son opérativité, et qui permet à l’institution muséale de se placer dans une posture de délégation du sens produit par l’exposition. / Until today, the question of the status of objects from non-Western societies preserved in Western museums wasraised, in terms of twentieth century paradigms which associated ethnographic and aesthetic status, and whichpresupposed objects to have an intrinsic status of their own. The controversy amongst anthropological andmuseum communities caused by the announcement of the Quai Branly museum project testifies to thesepresuppositions. This thesis aims to re-elaborate the approach to non-Western objects through an extrinsicapproach to their status. It rests on two subsequent semiotic analyses of the permanent exhibition of the QuaiBranly Museum. The first one analyzes separately and exhaustively the space, texts, pictures and audiovisualmaterial as media categories of the exhibition. The second one analyzes, in a restricted corpus of exhibitionunits, the interactions between different media categories with the goal of identifying the interpretative processeswhich produce the sense of the objects. The purpose of this double analysis is to verify whether the permanentexhibition of the Quai Branly Museum a heritage status to the objects from non-Western societies which itpreserves.The first part of the thesis presents the construction of the research question, focused on the heritage status ofnon-Western objects in museums, and explains the methods implemented to answer such a question. The secondpart, devoted to the results of the separate media categories’ analysis, confirms that the labels necessary to theassignment of heritage status to non-Western objects, the elsewhere world origin and museum world origin, areindeed present in the exhibition. It also shows the particular mobilization of space in the exhibition. Together,these two sections encourage us to theorize that space is not a mode of interpretation for objects, in that the“elsewhere” world origin and the museum world origin have but a secondary place in the assignment of objectstatus, while objects are themselves the main means for object interpretation. Finally, the third part verifies thatthe attestation of the objects’ double world of origin is effectively authenticated in the exhibition ; this sectionshows that, while the exhibition does assign a heritage status to the exhibits, the elements of authentification arenot necessary for the interpretation of the objects’ meaning, whereas the meaning produced by the relationshipbetween objects promotes the assignment of yet another object status : the status of curiosity. This thesis,focused on the production of object meaning for the visitor by means of the exhibition display, more broadlysuggests the exhibition’s ability to provide a neutral view which modifies its operativity, an ability which allowsthe museum to delegate the production of the object’s meaning to visitors.

As Muslims increasingly cross ethnic, religious, and social barriers within Western societies, the rate of interfaith marriages continues to rise. As a result, several issues are generated within the Muslim community globally. One of these issues focuses on the subjectivity of Muslim women marrying non-Muslim men since Islamic religious texts may be unclear and indirect regarding the issue. Additionally, Muslims in the West are increasingly exposed to individuals from diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds, which raises the probability of exogamy. Many Muslims residing in the West do not have issues with exogamy; it is mostly familial and societal expectations that exude stress when individuals intermarry within the Muslim community. Openness to intermarriage among Muslims in the West can be attributable to differences in faith and identity development of second-generation Muslims growing up in Western countries, which can lead to a differentiation of Muslim identity in comparison to their parents and extended family. Regardless of the taboo and stigma that exist with regard to intermarriage in Islam, Muslim interfaith marriages in the West arguably can be seen as microcosmic representations of positive pluralistic relations in contemporary times. Through discussions of data collected for this research, this thesis considers the issues and ideas mentioned above as it considers the experiences of Muslims in interfaith marriages in Western societies by considering notions of gender, globalization, and religious pluralism. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The study sought to uncover the constitution of migrant women's agency as they rebuild their lives in Australia, and to explore how contact with any publicly funded services might influence the capacity to be self determining subjects. The thesis used a framework of lifeworld theories (Bourdieu, Schutz, Giddens), materialist, trans-national feminist and post colonial writings, and a methodological approach based on critical hermeneutics (Ricoeur), feminist standpoint and decolonising theories. Thirty in depth interviews were carried out with 6 women migrating from each of 5 regions: Vietnam, Lebanon, the Horn of Africa, the former Soviet Union and the Philippines. Australian based immigration literature constituted the third corner of triangulation. The interviews were carried out through an exploration of themes format, eliciting data about the different ontological and epistemological assumptions of the cultures of origin. The findings revealed not only the women's remarkable tenacity and resilience as creative agents, but also the indispensability of Australia's publicly funded infrastructure or welfare state. The women were mostly privileged in terms of class, education and affirming relationships with males. Nevertheless, their self determination depended on contact with universal public policies, programs and with local community services. The welfare state seems to be modernity's means for re-establishing human connectedness that is the crux of the human condition. Connecting with fellow Australians in friendships and neighbourliness was also important in resettlement. Conclusions include a policy discussion in agreement with Australian and international scholars proposing that there is no alternative but for governments to invest in a welfare state for the civil societies and knowledge based economies of the 21st Century.