Orientador: Fernanda da Cruz Landim / Coorientador: Bruna De Vita / Banca: Leandro Maia / Banca: Cláudia Barbosa Fernandes / Resumo: As células tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) estão presentes na maioria dos tecidos adultos e possuem grande capacidade de multiplicação, o que as tornam muito atrativas para a terapia celular, tanto na medicina humana como na medicina veterinária . Quando cultivadas in vitro são capazes de se auto renovar e dar origem a novos tipos celulares. Atualmente há uma grande tendência para a utilização de CTMs obtidas de tecidos fetais, como a membrana amniótica (MA), matriz extravascular do cordão umbilical (CU) e sangue do cordão umbilical (SCU), podendo ser obtidas no momento do parto por uma técnica não invasiva. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi isolar, caracterizar, diferenciar e criopreservar CTMs obtidas de MA, CU e SCU de fetos bovinos colhidos no momento do parto e em abatedouro. As células foram recuperadas por meio de digestão enzimática tecidual, realizada com solução de colagenase 0,1%. Foram colhidas amostras de MA e CU no momento do parto (n=6) e de MA e CU no terço inicial de gestação (n=6), bem como de SCU no terço médio de gestação em abatedouro (n=6), as quais foram submetidas às análises morfológica, imunocitoquímica, imunofenotípica por citometria de fluxo e diferenciações in vitro nas linhagens osteogênica, adipogênica e condrogênica e criopreservação. Além disso, foram criopreservadas e analisadas por citometria de fluxo para observação da viabilidade celular. Todas as amostras dos diferentes períodos gestacionais demonstraram adesão ao plástico e morfologia fibroblastóide. No ensaio imunocitoquímico todas as amostras foram imunomarcadas para CD44, NANOG e Oct-4, com ausência de marcação para MHC II. Na análise imunofenotipica por citometria de fluxo, todas as amostras apresentaram marcação para CD44, ausência de marcação para CD34 e baixa expressão de MHC II. Apresentaram também capacidade de diferenciação in vitro nas três linhagens mesodermais e quando analisadas ... / Abstract: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high proliferation potential. These cells can be characterized by their in vivo ability to self-renew and to differentiate into specialized cell lines. The most used stem cell type, in both human and veterinary field, is the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Nowadays, there is a great tendency to use stem cells derived from fetal tissues, such as amniotic membrane (AM), extravascular matrix of umbilical cord (EMUC) and umbilical cord blood (UCB), which can be obtained non-invasively at delivery time. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate, characterize and differentiate. MSC derived from bovine fetal annexes cow dairy neonates after assisted delivery and of fetus obtained in slaughterhouse. Cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the tissue fragments with 0,1% collagenase solution. Six samples of AM and EMUC at delivery time, six samples of AM and EMUC at first third of pregnancy and six samples of UCB at secondary third of pregnancy were subjected to morphology evaluation, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and in vitro osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, sample were cryopresrved and evaluated for viability by flow citometri. All samples showed adherence to plastic and fibroblast-like morphology. Immunocytochemistry revealed expression of CD 44, NANOG and OCT-4 and lack of expression of MHC II in MSC from all samples. Flow cytometry demonstrated that cells from all samples expressed CD 44, lacked CD 34 expression and showed low expression of MHC II. They were also capable of trilineage mesenchymal differentiation and showed 80-90% viability after cryopreservation. According to the results, AM, EMUC and UCB, either obtained at delivery time or from slaughterhouse, are a painless and non-invasive source of MSC and can be used for stem cell bank creation / Mestre

Although Edith Wharton is finally recognized as a major American novelist, her remarkable canon of short stories has been largely ignored. Such neglect is regrettable, for the diversity of the stories suggests that some common perceptions of Wharton may well be misconceptions: that her works are masterpieces of technique, but not content; that her inconsistency reflects an instability; that her works are pervaded with a repressing pessimism. The short stories evoke a reconsideration of these prevailing attitudes about Wharton and her art.The stories reinforce the critics' evaluation of Edith Wharton as a master of rhetorical strategy. She employs verbal irony and situational irony. She also focuses closely on the ironies in American society, particularly those associated with the upper class, with marriage, and with art. But Wharton's conscious and pervasive use of irony in the stories points to the fact that she is a philosopher of irony as well.The philosophy of irony -- a philosophy of constant revisionism, questioning, and subjunctivity, of the rejection of absolutes, and of the celebration of paradox and ambivalence -- is one which reconciles many of the conflicts both in Wharton's short stories and in her life. It accounts for Wharton's insistence in her letters and her autobiography of the possibilities of life and for the optimism and hope that are clearly demonstrated in the stories. Despite the conclusions that have traditionally been drawn by critics who have focused on Wharton the novelist, the stories reinforce what the life has also suggested: that Edith Wharton actually achieved transcendence, hope, and joy.Chapter Five of this study reevaluates Ethan Frome, often considered Wharton's most pessimistic novel, in light of her philosophic irony. It challenges the commonly held notion that Ethan Frome is only a technical success, assuming the position that technique and vision cannot be separated. It finds in the ambivalence of the book an acknowledgment of possibility -- tones of optimism, triumph, and celebration. Furthermore, this dissertation suggests that a second look, with an eye toward Wharton's philosophy of irony as well as her techniques of irony, is warranted for each of the novels. / Department of English

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-10. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000831319.pdf: 1267209 bytes, checksum: c23ca8ee7c298aed36bdf625fb1e71a9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As células tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) estão presentes na maioria dos tecidos adultos e possuem grande capacidade de multiplicação, o que as tornam muito atrativas para a terapia celular, tanto na medicina humana como na medicina veterinária . Quando cultivadas in vitro são capazes de se auto renovar e dar origem a novos tipos celulares. Atualmente há uma grande tendência para a utilização de CTMs obtidas de tecidos fetais, como a membrana amniótica (MA), matriz extravascular do cordão umbilical (CU) e sangue do cordão umbilical (SCU), podendo ser obtidas no momento do parto por uma técnica não invasiva. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi isolar, caracterizar, diferenciar e criopreservar CTMs obtidas de MA, CU e SCU de fetos bovinos colhidos no momento do parto e em abatedouro. As células foram recuperadas por meio de digestão enzimática tecidual, realizada com solução de colagenase 0,1%. Foram colhidas amostras de MA e CU no momento do parto (n=6) e de MA e CU no terço inicial de gestação (n=6), bem como de SCU no terço médio de gestação em abatedouro (n=6), as quais foram submetidas às análises morfológica, imunocitoquímica, imunofenotípica por citometria de fluxo e diferenciações in vitro nas linhagens osteogênica, adipogênica e condrogênica e criopreservação. Além disso, foram criopreservadas e analisadas por citometria de fluxo para observação da viabilidade celular. Todas as amostras dos diferentes períodos gestacionais demonstraram adesão ao plástico e morfologia fibroblastóide. No ensaio imunocitoquímico todas as amostras foram imunomarcadas para CD44, NANOG e Oct-4, com ausência de marcação para MHC II. Na análise imunofenotipica por citometria de fluxo, todas as amostras apresentaram marcação para CD44, ausência de marcação para CD34 e baixa expressão de MHC II. Apresentaram também capacidade de diferenciação in vitro nas três linhagens mesodermais e quando analisadas ... / Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high proliferation potential. These cells can be characterized by their in vivo ability to self-renew and to differentiate into specialized cell lines. The most used stem cell type, in both human and veterinary field, is the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Nowadays, there is a great tendency to use stem cells derived from fetal tissues, such as amniotic membrane (AM), extravascular matrix of umbilical cord (EMUC) and umbilical cord blood (UCB), which can be obtained non-invasively at delivery time. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate, characterize and differentiate. MSC derived from bovine fetal annexes cow dairy neonates after assisted delivery and of fetus obtained in slaughterhouse. Cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the tissue fragments with 0,1% collagenase solution. Six samples of AM and EMUC at delivery time, six samples of AM and EMUC at first third of pregnancy and six samples of UCB at secondary third of pregnancy were subjected to morphology evaluation, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and in vitro osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, sample were cryopresrved and evaluated for viability by flow citometri. All samples showed adherence to plastic and fibroblast-like morphology. Immunocytochemistry revealed expression of CD 44, NANOG and OCT-4 and lack of expression of MHC II in MSC from all samples. Flow cytometry demonstrated that cells from all samples expressed CD 44, lacked CD 34 expression and showed low expression of MHC II. They were also capable of trilineage mesenchymal differentiation and showed 80-90% viability after cryopreservation. According to the results, AM, EMUC and UCB, either obtained at delivery time or from slaughterhouse, are a painless and non-invasive source of MSC and can be used for stem cell bank creation

The purpose of this thesis is to discover the extent of Edith Wharton's use of social problems in her novels.

The primary focus of this thesis is the New York fiction by the prolific American writer Edith Wharton. The particular works discussed in this thesis are The House of Mirth, The Custom of the Country, and The Age of Innocence, completed by the collection of four novellas, Old New York, and also a selection of Wharton's short stories set in the city of New York. The main argument of the thesis could be encapsulated to say that Wharton's fiction lacks the individuality of the characters, and the main focus of the texts is on society and how society affects the archetypes of the characters created solely for the purposes of this thesis. It is divided into three intersecting chapters, the first topical chapter concentrating on New York as such and how the Gilded Age influenced the Big Apple. Moreover, Wharton and her own relationship with the city is discussed in this chapter as well, pointing at the fact that she was intimately familiar with the custom and the manners of the upper society of New York, which she later implemented in her fiction. Also, the description of naturalism and determinism are provided as those seem to be the genres most utilized by the author. The next chapter revolves around the notion of archetypes as Claude Lévi-Strauss introduced in his "The Structural Study of Myth," which...

Critics of Edith Wharton frequently discuss the material culture that pervades her work, but the trend in doing so has been to rush past the things themselves and engage in abstracted conversations of theory. I would like to suggest that a closer scrutiny of the individual objects being presented in Wharton’s novels can highlight Wharton’s own theoretical approaches to material culture. Working from Bill Brown's distinction between objects and things, I want to argue that Wharton firmly situates the material culture in The Age of Innocence in the background of her characters' lives as objects which they utilize as extensions of the self; but she brings the thingness of material culture to the forefront in Twilight Sleep, where the material culture in the novel alternately stands out and malfunctions, as characters attempt—and fail—to construct coherent and livable identities for themselves in the face of a 1920s New York that Wharton depicts as a paradoxically over-furnished wasteland. I will ultimately argue that things, problematic as they are, become a matter of survival strategy for her characters in Twilight Sleep when they utilize them to reconstruct the social relations that have become increasingly threatened from the world of The Age of Innocence. / text

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2005. / Principal faculty advisor: Susan Goodman, Dept. of English. Includes bibliographical references.

Edith Wharton’s male characters offer an important commentary on the evolving situation of the man in American society. Wharton did not wish for women to usurp all social positions from men but rather to claim their rightful position alongside them. Characters such as Lawrence Selden in The House of Mirth and Ralph Marvell in The Custom of the Country display the same characteristics of fear, passion, and vulnerability as do many of her primary female figures. Wharton’s societal concerns do not merely extend to that of her own sex but to that of the male in society who struggled with his sexuality, his body, and his role in marriage. This examination of masculinity within Wharton’s The House of Mirth, The Custom of the Country, and “The Other Two” will connect Wharton to the evolving man and his identity crisis, as her male characters have been analyzed by critics far less than her female characters. Specific aspects of masculinity often overlooked in her works, such as homosexuality and effeminacy, will come to the forefront and place her work in the context of the rigid expectations for “real American men” at the turn of the century.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 310-330.