The thesis examines the use of the interactive whiteboard in the lower primary schools since the interactive whiteboard is a commonly used teaching aid nowadays. Based on references to literature and an empirical study, the thesis aims to describe the various possibilities of the efficient usage of the interactive whiteboard in education. The theoretical part opens with the description of information and communication technologies in general and the usage of the interactive whiteboard in the classroom. It focuses on its advantages and disadvantages, lists examples of its features available, and closes with an illustration of interactive teaching. It also introduces SMART Notebook collaborative learning software and describes its features. The empirical part employs both the quantitative and the qualitative research. The quantitative part is based on a questionnaire aimed at teachers at lower primary schools and investigates how the teachers use the interactive whiteboard in their classrooms. The qualitative part is devoted to a set of interactive materials designed for the subjects Czech language and Maths, which were subsequently tested in the third grade of a lower primary school.

The main goal of the diploma thesis "Content and Language Integrated Learning with ICT using the Interactive Whiteboard" is to provide a comprehensible assessment of the potential benefits of employing CLIL during ICT lessons. The thesis focuses on the recent history of CLIL and its roots as well as the official support it receives from the European Union. This work also takes a look at the advantages CLIL has to offer and why anybody should consider using it. This work goes on to suggest some basic questions a teacher should ask him/herself when considering whether to employ CLIL or not. The Practical Part is focused on creating a series of activities that may serve as an example of using CLIL during ICT lessons while making use of the Interactive Whiteboard, one of the new tools that is available to an increasing number of schools. The Practical Part also includes sample files to be opened on the Interactive Whiteboard, the age range of learners for whom the activity is intended, their learning context, aims and expected learning outcomes for each activity as well as the kinds of tasks included in each activity and the expected problems. Key Words: CLIL, Content and Language Integrated Learning, ICT, Information and Communication Technology, IWB, Interactive Whiteboard, second language,...

1 Abstract The subject of this thesis was creating of teaching material for an interactive whiteboard using the SMART Notebook program. The material was created in form of interactive presentations designed to be used in chemistry lessons at secondary schools. The unifying theme of presentations was the 14th group of the periodic table of elements. The thesis also includes a description of the way the presentations were made and instructions for teachers how to work with them. It also introduces some advantages and disadvantages of working with the SMART Notebook software. Key words: Interactive whiteboard, SMART Notebook, group 14 of the periodic table of elements, presentations, carbon, silicon, tin, lead, germanium

Ce projet de recherche doctorale vise à explorer une intégration réfléchie des TICE, en particulier le tableau numérique interactif (TNI) et la tablette tactile, pour l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’anglais langue étrangère dans le paradigme de l’approche actionnelle, recommandée par le ministère de l’Éducation nationale. Notre étude prend appui sur une recherche compréhensive,instituée en tant que projet pilote, suivie d’une recherche-action collaborative. Dans le cadre de cette seconde recherche, quatre expérimentations ont été menées avec quatre professeurs exerçant dans des classes d’anglais : deux à l’école élémentaire (CE2 et CM1-CM2), une au collège (3ème) et une au lycée (Terminale). Cette étude cherche à comprendre comment certains outils interactifs peuvent apporter une plus-value en classe de langue aujourd’hui et s’ils sont compatibles avec une approche actionnelle de l’enseignement de l’anglais. Cette synergie entre approche et outils semble s’opérer et permettre de renforcer chez les apprenants l’engagement cognitif dans des tâches plus authentiques,la collaboration entre pairs, l’autonomie et la motivation. Les enseignants ainsi impliqués dans un processus de recherche-action collaborative s’initient à la recherche, conscientisent leurs compétences technopédagogiques et adoptent une posture réflexive sur leurs propres pratiques d’enseignement, dans un objectif de développement professionnel. / This doctoral research explores the integration of classroom technologies, particularly the interactivewhiteboard (IWB) and the tablet, in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom in task-basedteaching practice, in accordance with Ministry of Education guidelines. Following a pilot studytaking a global approach to classroom research, the main study examines empirical data collected inaction research projects involving four teachers in two primary school classes (8-9 year-olds and 9-11 year-olds) and two secondary classes (14-15 year-olds and 17-18 year-olds). The goal of the studyis to understand the pedagogical affordances of interactive tools for EFL teaching, to consider theircompatibility with task-based teaching and to determine what added value they may contribute tolanguage teaching and learning. Findings suggest a synergetic relationship between interactivetechnologies and task-based language teaching which improves learners’ cognitive engagement inactivities, fosters social and collaborative learning, and also promotes independent learning, taskauthenticity and L2 motivation. Benefits to the participating teachers include an introduction tocollaborative action research, the consolidation of their technopedagogical skills, and the adoption ofa reflective posture towards their own teaching practices, all of which hold promise for continuingprofessional development.

本研究旨在觀察了解利用電子白板融入英文教學，輔以學習者為中心的教學理念讓國中九年級的學生利用合作學習的機會來完成演示任務的過程。本研究方法採質性研究，採用兩班共選四組十六名九年級學生做為觀察對象，利用課堂觀察，訪談，及教師反思日誌，著重在觀察老師、學生與電子白板三者之間的互動過程，學生學習態度以及老師對於自己教學方式的省思。 經由本研究發現學生能接受新的電子白板教學方式，電子白板的多媒體教材能吸引較低成就學生的學習興趣，進而增加其跟電子白板互動的意願。學生剛開始不能適應學習者為中心的教學法，在團隊合作方面通常都以組長為中心擔負過多工作，有責任分配不均的問題。部分學生只被動地接受組長分派工作，甚至有學生完全沒有參與。進一步分析後發現學生因缺乏相關合作經驗、指導與長期競爭的升學壓力下，在過程中對於此計畫有諸多抱怨，認為本計畫壓縮他們學習時間進而影響之後的升學考試；但是在經過幾次成功完成演示任務後，學生開始產生信心而改變對此教學法的態度。因此雖然電子白板有其缺點，但學生仍對於電子白板融入教學活動保持正面態度。 以研究者同時為教學者的角度而言，有了電子白板教師能方便提供貼近生活的補充教材，設計文法互動遊戲，刺激學生學習意願。然而電子白板也有其缺點，包括尺寸限制、反光、燈光昏暗導致學生上課精神不佳等問題。更重要的是，實施學習者為中心的電子白板教學為身為教師的一大挑戰，教師要轉換身分為學生學習的輔助者、適應並開發電子白板的教學軟體、承受學生們質疑此項計畫的聲音並且在不拖累教學進度下實行本研究，這些在在都成為教師的壓力來源。然而在看到學生的進步及態度的轉變，再加上觀察者的鼓勵及其對於電子白板的教學也產生興趣後，教師也發現電子白板所帶來的改變及其效益而有所改觀。透過本研究同時也發現教師需要更多的資源與協助來完成電子白板的教學。最後，研究者提出相關的建議以作為未來電子白板教學研究的參考。 / The purpose of the study was to investigate the process of utilizing the Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) and the learner-centered instruction and having four groups of sixteen 9th graders, who belonged to two classes, cooperated to accomplish presentation tasks. Grounded in qualitative inquiry, the study used classroom observation, group interviews, and the teacher’s log as the data for analysis. Focusing on the process of interaction between the students and the IWB, the students’ attitudes, and the teachers’ own reflections after implementing the IWB plan. It was found that the students accepted the new IWB instructional plan because of its multimedia teaching material, which facilitated some low achievers’ interests making them willing to interact with the IWB. As for the students’ performances, the researcher found that the students were not used to the learner-centered instruction. The group leaders were usually responsible for the majority of works and caused an unfair share of works among group members. Some students stayed passive and only received the work from their group leaders, and some did not involve in the group activities and presentations at all. After further investigation, it was found that the students were lack of experience and teacher’s guidance. Furthermore, they were long under the competitive educational culture. They thought that doing such cooperative tasks would take up their study time and further affect the effort they make for the high school entrance examination, so they had a lot of complaints during the plan. However, after several times of accomplishing the presentation tasks together, the students started to gain confidence and change their attitudes. Although there were some drawbacks, the students eventually held positive attitudes toward the IWB instructional plan. From the teacher/researcher’s point of view, with the IWB, the teacher could also provide the students with some authentic materials and design some grammar games for the students to learn. However, there were still some disadvantages of the tool, including size limitation, sun reflection, and the dark light which made the students feel sleepy. Most importantly, it was a great challenge for the teacher/researcher to implement the plan. The teacher had to first change her role from a dominator to a facilitator, adjust the program and develop some games from the IWB, implement the plan under the pressure of the students’ complaints while following the school-required teaching schedule in the meantime. Seeing the progress of the students’ performances and their change of attitudes, together with the encouragement of two observers and the other English teachers’ interests in the plan, the teacher/researcher changed her attitudes toward the plan as well. The results of the study suggest that more resources and supports are needed for teachers to achieve the IWB plan. Finally, other suggestions for the IWB instructional plan are provided for further studies.

The main aim of my thesis is to create a suggestion of my own teaching materials for teaching the topic "The Earth in Space" in the context of geography on the 2nd stage of Primary schools which includes not only workbook for students but also a methodological guide for teachers and additional outputs usable for an interactive whiteboard. The teaching text itself corresponds to the principles defined in the current educational documents. The theoretical part evaluates the significance and status of the material in the curriculum in the context of the Framework Educational Programme for Elementary Education and the school educational programmes of schools monitored. The next chapter is devoted to the didactic analysis of current educational textbooks and workbooks for the 2nd stage of Primary schools which includes the subject matter. The thesis also contains an overview of selected modern elements in the teaching of geography.

The thesis deals with the comparison of physics textbooks for primary schools. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the representation of individual sets of textbooks in primary schools in the South Bohemian Region, to develop and test custom teaching concepts revolving around thematic unit of 'Simple Machines'. This work is addressed primarily to teachers as a tool to enhance teaching effectiveness, to support the imagination and to increase interest in physics among pupils. These are the reasons why thematic unit, called Simple Machines, has been developed in form of interactive presentation, whose contribution and efficiency has been practically verified directly during physics classes in few selected primary schools. Benefits have been verified through accredited didactic tests and their evaluation and results are processed at the end of this thesis.

The main object of my final work is creating worksheets for teaching mathematics unit {\clqq}The basics of statistics{\crqq} using the interactive whiteboard and a computer and to find out how interactive teaching helps in the comprehensive educational process. The work is divided into three parts. In the first part I occupy myself with motivation theory and various stimulating teaching methods, especially with the design method. In the second part I analysed the current state of use computers and interactive whiteboards in teaching mathematics. The third practical part is consists of worksheets for the interactive whiteboard, that I created and the project. Then I occupy myself with application worksheets in teaching pupils in the second year of the secondary vocational school and I compare it with classic teaching. In conclusion I gave results and pieces of knowledge that I acquired during this teaching.

Trots otaliga digitala alternativ används fortfarande analoga system som whiteboardtavlor med tillhörande whiteboardpennor och post-it lappar vid t.ex. projekthantering. I denna studie undersöks användares motiv till varför de väljer att använda analoga respektive digitala system, samt vad de anser är viktigt vid utveckling av gränssnitt till digitala system. Syftet med studien är att, ur ett användarperspektiv, visa fördelar, nackdelar samt interaktionsmöjligheter hos analoga respektive digitala system, och att redogöra för vad som bör tas i beaktande när analoga system ska digitaliseras så att fördelaktiga egenskaper hos det analoga systemet kan överföras till det digitala. Anställda på det IT-företag studien genomförts i samarbete med har intervjuats, och resultatet från dessa intervjuer har sammanställts och analyserats med hjälp av en för studien framtagen analysmodell, vilken baserats på den litteraturstudie som gjorts. Vid analysen framkom att det främst är enkelheten och överskådligheten hos analoga system som gör att dessa föredras. Det som anses vara mest fördelaktigt hos digitala system är möjligheten till hög funktionalitet, att persistent kunna lagra information och att kunna utnyttja denna på olika sätt, samt möjligheten att kunna dela information. Beträffande de intervjuades åsikter om analoga respektive digitala system kan ett mönster ses, att de egenskaper de nämner som positiva och som fördelar hos analoga system ofta benämns som negativa och som nackdelar hos digitala system. Det omvända förhållandet ses också, att nämnda positiva egenskaper hos digitala system ofta nämns som negativa egenskaper hos analoga system. Genom att vid utveckling av digitala system se till att dessa även innehar de fördelaktiga egenskaper analoga system besitter, kan motsvarande negativa egenskaper hos digitala system elimineras. Vad som avgör om ett system är enkelt är svårdefinierat, då olika användares uppfattningar skiljer sig åt. Genom att kontinuerligt under digitaliseringsarbetet utföra någon form av användartester, där systemets gränssnitt testas, kan dock gränssnittets enkelhet utvärderas, och den fortsatta utvecklingen kan dra lärdom av och baseras på analyser av resultatet från dessa tester. Vad gäller överskådligheten hos digitala system, så kan denna förbättras genom att gränssnittet erbjuder olika typer av vyer. Fördelaktigt vid digitalisering av analoga system är att identifiera vad som är viktigt i det dagliga arbetet, samt att inse att det är uppgiften, tillvägagångssättet och arbetsflödet som är det väsentliga, inte verktyget i sig. Om en uppgift utförs i ett digitalt system, men den utförs av olika användare i olika situationer och kontexter, på olika typer av enheter vilka har olika interaktionsmöjligheter, så bör lämpligen systemets gränssnitt anpassas med utgångspunkt från de interaktionsmöjligheter den enhet uppgiften utförs på erbjuder, samt utefter var och hur olika användare vill utföra uppgiften.

Notre travail de thèse porte sur les usages du tableau numérique interactif (TNI) en milieu scolaire. Nous étudions plus particulièrement les effets cognitifs des trois potentiels pédagogiques du TNI sur l’enseignement-apprentissage d’une discipline scolaire au cycle III de l’école primaire en France. L’étude est conduite en classes de CM1 et de CM2 et porte sur l’enseignement-apprentissage de la notion de fraction. La relation entre l’utilisation du TNI et les effets de ces usages sur l’apprentissage des élèves apparait complexe et soulève beaucoup de questions. Cette complexité provient avant tout de la pluralité des facteurs participant plus ou moins au processus d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. Pour mieux appréhender cette problématique, notre recherche s’est centrée sur l’influence des trois thématiques du TNI : 1. L’interactivité technico-pédagogique supportée par l’usage du TNI ; 2. Les modalités et l’ergonomie de travail impliqué par l’usage du TNI ; 3. Les supports multimodaux visuels et manipulables utilisé sur cet instrument numérique.Cette étude s’appuie sur des éléments théoriques mis en oeuvre dans les recherches dans les domaines de la pédagogie et des didactiques disciplinaires permettant de traiter cette problématique. Nous avons porté notre réflexion, dans un premier temps, sur la notion de médiation en nous appuyant sur l’approche instrumentale selon Rabardel (1995). Les tâches réalisées en classe se font dans un cadre collectif. Nous les analysons, dans un deuxième temps, selon la théorie de l’activité d’Engeström (1987). Nous nous inspirons, enfin, des travaux de Piaget (1948) afin de comprendre le développement et la construction de la notion de fraction chez l’enfant. En outre, dans cette recherche, le TNI n’est pas un instrument isolé des autres éléments existant en classe mais il est un dispositif techno-sémio-pragmatique (Peraya, 1999). De ce point de vue, le TNI réunit trois entités : la technique, la sémiotique et le social. Le TNI est donc vu comme l’ensemble des interactions entre ces trois domaines : technologique, technosocial et système de représentations de l’ordre du sémiocognitif. Les trois champs d’investigation du TNI ont été menés auprès d’un échantillon composé d’élèves et d’enseignants du département du Rhône et Lyon intra-muros à travers des questionnaires, des observations directes sur le terrain, des entretiens et des pré et post tests. L’objectif de pluralité des outils de construction des données était de confronter les avis obtenus afin de s’interroger sur les effets des trois potentiels pédagogiques du TNI sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de la notion de fraction.Cette recherche montre que le TNI est un instrument très utile pour l’enseignement-apprentissage des fractions. En particulier, nous avons constaté que le TNI favorise les interactions entre les différents acteurs dans la classe et la construction collective des connaissances. Les enseignants ont insisté particulièrement sur l’aide que le TNI apportait au développement relationnel des élèves et facilitait singulièrement la conceptualisation de la notion de fraction. Les supports multimodaux visuels et manipulables du TNI constituent également une aide cognitive pour les élèves dans leur apprentissage. / Our work deals with the use of interactive whiteboard (IWB) in schools. We are particularly interested in the cognitive effects of three pedagogical potentials of the IWB on the teaching and learning in Cycle III of primary school in France. The study is conducted in primary classes 4 (CM1) and primary 5 (CM2) and focuses on the teaching and learning of the concept of fractions.The relationship between the use of IWB and the effects of these practices on student learning appears complex and raises many questions. This complexity comes primarily from the plurality of factors more or less involved in the teaching and learning process. To better understand this issue, our research focuses on the influence of the three themes of the IWB: 1. the technical educational interactivity supported by the use of IWB; 2. the terms and working ergonomics involved by the use of IWB; 3. Visual and manipulated multimodal media used on this digital instrument.This study focuses on theoretical elements used in research in the fields of education and disciplinary teaching to address this problem. We based our thinking, initially, on the notion of mediation by drawing on the instrumental approach according to Rabardel (1995). The tasks done in the classroom are in a collective framework. Secondly, we analyze, according to the theory of activity of Engeström (1987). Finally, we are inspired by the works of Piaget (1948) in order to understand the development and construction of the notion of fractions in children. Besides, in this research, the IWB is not isolated from other existing elements in the class but it is a techno-semiotic-pragmatic device (Peraya, 1999). From this point of view, the IWB meets three entities: the technic, the semiotics and the social. The IWB is seen as the set of interactions between these three areas: technological, technosocial and system of representations of the order of semiocognitif.The three fields of investigation of the IWB were conducted with a sample composed of students and teachers from the department of Rhone through questionnaires, direct field observations, interviews and pre and post testing. The objective of plurality of data construction tools was to confront the opinions obtained in order to consider the effects of three pedagogical potentials of the IWB on the teaching and learning of the concept of fractions.This research shows that IWB is a very useful tool for the teaching and learning of fractions. In particular, we found that the IWB promotes interactions between different actors in the classroom and the collective construction of knowledge. Teachers have particularlyemphasized the assistance the IWB has brought to the relational development of students and the singular facilitation the conceptualization of the concept of fractions. Visual and multimodal media manipulation of the IWB is also a cognitive aid for students in their learning.