Bakgrund:  Teknikens utveckling har gått oerhört fort fram och fått en stor betydelse i dagens samhälle. Detta gör att man i framtiden räknar med att en allt större integrering av tekniska verktyg kommer att ske i klassundervisningen. Den interaktiva skrivtavlan (IWB) är ett av de tekniska verktyg som är aktuell då den bedöms få en allt mer betydande roll i klassrummet. För att kunna optimera användandet av skrivtavlans funktioner måste det ske en förändring i skolans och lärares förhållningssätt till tekniska verktyg. Syfte: Fallstudiens syfte var att undersöka de hinder och möjligheter som upplevs vid införandet av IWB, samt undersöka förekomsten av olika lärartyper vid användningen av IWB. Metod: För att få svar på våra frågeställningar använder vi oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer och strukturerade observationer. Resultat: Resultaten analyseras utifrån Glover och Millers teori baserad på tre olika lärarkategorier som beskriver lärares olika inställningar till den interaktiva skrivtavlan. Vi använder även Prestridges teori som behandlar "First och Second order barriers". Dessa "barriers" belyser olika svårigheter och hinder vid IKT-användning. Både tidigare forskning och studiens resultat tyder på att kompetensutbildning för lärare är en viktig faktor när det gäller integrering av ny teknik. Detta ansvarsområde kan knytas till administrationen för skolan och ett starkt stöd från ledningen underlättar för lärarens IKT-användande. De lärare studien avser upplever en tidsbrist när det gäller experimenteringsmöjligheter med den interaktiva skrivtavlan. Samtidigt finns det en hög efterfrågan av nya utbildningstillfällen för en utökad kunskap om skrivtavlans funktioner och förslag på hur lärarna bör integrera den i undervisningen på bästa sätt

The thesis called ``Employing Interactive Whiteboard Effectively in German Lessons at Basic School{\crqq} introduces a modern gadget {--} an interactive whiteboard {--} and the possibilities of it´s usage in German classes at basic school. Technological development has progressed and interactive whiteboards have brought new teaching methods. In the theoretical part producers and types of interactive whiteboards and their accessories are mentioned. Reference to interactive textbooks, portals and materials and thein availibility on-line are described. The service instructions should ease the first encounter with an interactive whiteboard. The aims of this thesis are to find out if it is possilble to use an interactive whiteboard while teaching effectively and what the benefit of it´s usage is.

This thesis takes account of using IWB (interactive white board) in modern foreign language teaching, especially in German. In the theoretical part there will be a brief description of IWB possibilities: what software is the best in a particular situation and what are the limits of its use. The practical part will focus on effectiveness in using IWB and show what is necessary to be able to work with IWB effectively: creation of new exercise, slide and whole ?workbook?.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka för- och nackdelar med användandet av interaktiva whiteboards i grundskolan. Ambitionen fanns även att väcka nyfikenhet och informera vår tänkta målgrupp om ämnet. Vi genomförde intervjuer med två klasslärare och två elevgrupper i grundskolan samt en IT-pedagog. Enligt flera forskare har IKT positiva effekter på lärandet genom att undervisningen blir roligare med mer engagerade och motiverade elever till följd. Det har konstaterats i en engelsk undersökning att elever övervägande är positiva till att arbeta med interaktiva whiteboards. I våra intervjuer menade både pedagogerna och eleverna bland annat att undervisningen förbättras i flera avseenden då olika sinnen kan stimuleras samtidigt. Resultatet visade även nackdelar såsom att interaktiva whiteboards är dyra vid inköp och att den tekniska problematiken kan störa inlärningen. Våra slutsatser var att interaktiva whiteboards kan medföra både positiva och negativa effekter på lärandet. Det finns pedagoger, som på grund av otillräcklig utbildning, väljer bort att arbeta med IKT i skolan. Vi anser att kunskapsbrist är ett av de största hindren för utvecklingen och spridningen av interaktiva whiteboards. Förändringar inom skolan tar tid, framförallt då det gäller införandet av ny teknik. Dock menar vi att skolan redan idag måste börja arbeta mot att bli mer likvärdig, med elevernas bästa i fokus.

<p>Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka för- och nackdelar med användandet av interaktiva whiteboards i grundskolan. Ambitionen fanns även att väcka nyfikenhet och informera vår tänkta målgrupp om ämnet. Vi genomförde intervjuer med två klasslärare och två elevgrupper i grundskolan samt en IT-pedagog. Enligt flera forskare har IKT positiva effekter på lärandet genom att undervisningen blir roligare med mer engagerade och motiverade elever till följd. Det har konstaterats i en engelsk undersökning att elever övervägande är positiva till att arbeta med interaktiva whiteboards. I våra intervjuer menade både pedagogerna och eleverna bland annat att undervisningen förbättras i flera avseenden då olika sinnen kan stimuleras samtidigt. Resultatet visade även nackdelar såsom att interaktiva whiteboards är dyra vid inköp och att den tekniska problematiken kan störa inlärningen. Våra slutsatser var att interaktiva whiteboards kan medföra både positiva och negativa effekter på lärandet. Det finns pedagoger, som på grund av otillräcklig utbildning, väljer bort att arbeta med IKT i skolan. Vi anser att kunskapsbrist är ett av de största hindren för utvecklingen och spridningen av interaktiva whiteboards. Förändringar inom skolan tar tid, framförallt då det gäller införandet av ny teknik. Dock menar vi att skolan redan idag måste börja arbeta mot att bli mer likvärdig, med elevernas bästa i fokus.</p>

Stuttgart, Univ., Diplomarb., 2002.

This study is an examination of issues affecting the use of a shared graphic space (SGS). A working definition for an SGS is a virtual, computer-mediated blackboard that allows the simultaneous presentation and editing of visual information by two or more participants. The issues affecting the use of an SGS involve how people communicate with it. The addition of any technology into an already complicated situation like distance learning should be examined from multiple angles. In order to examine an SGS as a channel for communications, this study framed the SGS in terms of the nature of the feedback and noise that are present when we examine interactions in this space. This study examined 16 dyads interacting with whiteboard software to communicate solutions to 6 tangram puzzles. In all problem sets, participants used the text inherent in the whiteboard software as well as graphics to communicate potential solutions with each other in dyads. The participants also had access to audio for communications during either the first 4 or final 2 problem sets. Analysis of the results of this study show that the use of graphics for communication is dependent on accompanying communication channels. The addition of an audio channel for communications inhibited the use of text for communications. Graphics were used concurrently with audio as a dynamic enhancement to verbal communications. Graphics were not used concurrently with text. Graphics either occurred before or after text and were used as static illustrations or were used independent of text. The feedback mechanisms for the SGS were largely through the text or audio modes of communication. The graphic capabilities inherent to the SGS were an affordance to present and manipulate visual information. The SGS encourages new ways to interact and unique patterns of interactions between users. The manner in which graphics were used by each dyad was determined by the dyad and did not conform across the dyads. The unstructured nature of the SGS was a contributing factor in causing differentiation of the inter-dyad communication from intra-dyad communication. This lack of structure in the SGS was a source of noise in, as well as a source of freedom for, interactions in the SGS. The development of an etiquette for interacting in this unstructured space was developed dynamically and pragmatically and should be a source of future study. Shared space, that can be used for simultaneous, real time communications with graphics, changes the manner in which teachers and students can collaborate and construct new learning environments. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this study is to examine how four mathematics teachers in grades 4-6 use the digital tool interactive whiteboard as a didactic tool in teaching in the subject of mathematics in problem solving and which attitudes these mathematics teachers are applying for using interactive whiteboards in mathematics teaching in problem solving. This study aims to answer the two following questions: 1) In what way do four mathematics teachers use an interactive whiteboard as a didactic tool in problem solving? 2) What are their attitudes towards interactive whiteboards as a didactic tool in problem solving? The approach of this study was qualitative, four mathematics teachers were interviewed and their lessons were observed. This study is based on theories drawn from Derek Glover, David Miller, Doug Averis and Victoria Door (2004) framework of teachers’ use of interactive whiteboards; Derek Glover and David Miller (2003) framework of towards teachers’ attitudes for using digital tools and George Pólya (1970) framework that includes a several steps to solve problem-solving tasks. This study shows that the four mathematics teachers are a mixture of being interactive and enhanced interactive in the way they are using the interactive whiteboard as a didactic tool in problem solving. The four teachers also used the different parts of Pólyas (1970) steps on how to solve problem-solving tasks, when they were using the interactive whiteboard in problem solving. This study also shows that all the teachers have a positive attitude towards using interactive whiteboards as a didactic tool in problem solving. They believe that interactive whiteboards provides an extra dimension in problem solving, because it opens up for conversations and reasoning math. One teacher has shown to be a missioner regarding his attitude towards using the interactive whiteboard as a didactic tool in problem solving and the other three are proved to be a mixture of the missioners and tentatives.

The interactive whiteboard is a fairly recent technical device, which has become an increasingly important teaching aid. The interactive whiteboard is supposed to have a positive impact on English Language Teaching, due to its interactivity and the unlimited opportunities it creates for language teaching. However, findings still show that the interactive whiteboard is used more as a traditional whiteboard to write and show information on rather than as an interactive teaching and learning device. This study seeks to investigate English language teachers’ integration of the IWB in ELT. A qualitative approach was used to collect data for this study. Four English Language Teachers at a lower secondary school in southern Sweden were interviewed. The result from this study shows similarities to previous research. The decisive factors for the participants’ incorporation of the IWB in ELT, such as attitude, knowledge and time, were comparable to previous studies. The result also implies that the participants saw the interactive whiteboard as a useful tool in English Language Teaching and as a regular part of their teaching. Nevertheless, there was a desire among the teachers to learn more about the interactive whiteboard and its possibilities and also to develop their skills in order to improve their teaching and the pupil's language proficiency. Although the teachers in the study used the interactive whiteboard frequently and interactively, the result shows that the most frequent usage was to display information non-interactively.

This research aimed to explore the current status of junior high school teachers¡¦ adopting interactive whiteboards (hereafter ¡§IWB¡¨) in teaching, and further investigate the teachers¡¦ beliefs and intention to use of IWBs. The research used survey research methodology to examine the Kaohsiung municipal junior high school teachers who had participated IWB teaching courses. There were 238 samples, and the research tool was the questionnaire ¡§Teachers¡¦ Teaching Beliefs and Intention to Use of Interactive Whiteboards.¡¨ In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted to those who had expressed their willingness to have interviews in the questionnaires in order to supplement the lack of the questionnaire function. Data of the questionnaire sheets were statistically analyzed by SPSS 14.0 for Windows, and the analytical methods included descriptive statistics, average difference analysis, analysis of variances, and other related analytical methods. Qualitative interview data were inductively organized and analyzed. The findings of the research are as follows: 1.About 65% of Kaohsiung municipal junior high school teachers have ever used IWBs. The reason for using IWBs was mainly to increase students¡¦ learning motives. The major problem the teachers faced was that they were unable to find IWB-equipped classrooms. The assistance the teachers hoped to receive was to have an IWB teaching database constructed. 2.The Kaohsiung municipal junior high school teachers¡¦ IWB teaching beliefs were positive, as they generally believed that IWBs were an effective teaching tool integrated with multi-media resources. Thus, IWB teaching could not only trigger students¡¦ attention and learning motives but also promote their learning effects. 3.The Kaohsiung municipal junior high school teachers¡¦ intention to use of IWBs was positive. In general, the teachers believed that it would boost the teachers¡¦ intention to use of the IWB teaching if the teaching material was appropriate, equipment sufficient, or recommendations from other teachers. Some teachers expressed their intention to use of the IWB teaching in the future. 4.The total scale on the teachers¡¦ teaching beliefs showed a better outcome on the teachers with administrative work and those who had the IWB teaching experience; for evaluation level, it indicated better for those who had the IWB teaching experience; for expectation level, it signified better for the spontaneously-learning teachers and those who had the IWB teaching experience; for skill level, it represented better for male teachers, aged 31 to 40, with administrative work and those who had participated more frequently in IWB learning courses. There was no significant difference in cognition and feeling levels. 5.The total scale on the teachers¡¦ intention to use showed a better outcome on the teachers with administrative work and those who had the IWB teaching experience; for decision level, it indicated better for the teachers with administrative work, those who had participated more frequently in IWB learning courses, those who were spontaneous learners, and those who had the IWB teaching experience; for intention level, there was no significant difference. 6.The total scales of the teaching beliefs and of the intention to use showed a remarkable moderate positive correlation.