O ruído de tráfego veicular apresenta-se como um dos principais problemas gerados pela intensa urbanização das cidades, sobretudo nas grandes metrópoles. De fato, esta situação afeta parcela considerável da população, causando incômodo e reflexos no estado de saúde físico e mental. O município de São Paulo, que atualmente possui uma população de aproximadamente 12 milhões de pessoas, detém sem dúvida, a maior quantidade de hospitais de todo o Brasil, sendo que muitos destes estão localizados próximos a vias de tráfego intenso. Esta proximidade, do edifício em relação ao trânsito de veículos, transfere para a fachada parte da responsabilidade em isolar acusticamente os ambientes internos. Assim, quartos e enfermarias do setor de internação, onde habitualmente os usuários deste tipo específico de edificação passam a maior parte do tempo, são afetados pelo problema do ruído urbano, pois em muitos casos, o componente ?janela? não apresenta desempenho acústico adequado, isto é, não propícia um abatimento satisfatório do ruído, visto que na composição da fachada, este componente é o mais sensível à passagem do ruído. Desse modo, esta pesquisa apresenta resultados de ensaios de campo realizados em hospitais localizados na cidade de São Paulo, onde procedemos a medições baseadas na Norma NBR 10829 (Caixilho para edificação ? Janela ? Medição da atenuação acústica) da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), utilizando as janelas aplicadas em quartos ou enfermarias de hospitais sediados em São Paulo, visando com isto, a produção de uma avaliação de desempenho acústico dos casos selecionados. / The noise of transport traffic comes as one of the main problems generated by the intense urbanization of the cities, above all in the great metropolises. In fact, this situation affects considerable portion of the population, causing uncomfortable and reflexes in the physical and mental health condition. The municipal district of São Paulo, that now possesses a population of approximately 12 million people, possesses without a doubt, the largest amount of hospitals of the whole Brazil, and many of these are located close to road of intense traffic. This proximity, of the building in relation to the traffic of vehicles, transfers for the facade leaves of the responsibility in isolating the internal environment acoustically. Like this, rooms and wards of the internment section, where habitually the users of this specific type of construction pass most of the time, they are affected for the problem of the urban noise, because in many cases, the component ?window? it doesn\'t present appropriate acoustic performance, that is, no favorable a satisfactory reduction of the noise, because in the composition of the facade, this component is the most sensitive to the passage of the noise. This way, this research presents results of field rehearsals accomplished at located hospitals in the city of São Paulo, where we proceeded to measurements based in standard NBR 10829 (Façade elements and façades in buildings ? Measurement of airborne sound insulation ? Method of test) of the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), using the applied windows in rooms or infirmaries of headquartered hospitals in São Paulo, seeking with this, the production of an evaluation of acoustic performance of the selected cases.

O presente trabalho apresenta os atuais requisitos de desempenho para janelas, bem como os critérios de desempenho a serem atendidos, e que estão prescritos na Norma \"NBR10821:2000 - Caixilho para edificação - Janelas\". Através dos Programas Setoriais da Qualidade de Esquadrias de Alumínio e de PVC foram possíveis as análises dos requisitos de desempenho, de seus respectivos resultados e critérios de aprovação, nas quais foram verificados problemas de interpretação do texto normativo, de capacitação laboratorial, nos métodos e nos procedimentos de ensaios que não permitiam adequada avaliação de conformidade do produto. A partir dessas análises, este trabalho propõe-se a dar subsídios para uma revisão da citada norma brasileira. Desta forma, procura-se além de fornecer subsídios para a revisão da NBR10821, contribuir para a orientação no desenvolvimento de produtos na área de componentes e no desenvolvimento de projetos. / This present work shows the current development requirements for windows, as well as the development criteria to be met and complied with standard \"NBR10821:2000 - Windows - Specification\". The aluminium and PVC frames Sectorial Quality Program made it possible to perform the development requirements analyses from its respective results and approval criteria, in which there were the some problems of prescriptive text interpretation of laboratorial capacitation, in methods and procedures that didn\'t allow an adequate evaluation of the product conformity. From this analyses, this work has the purpose of subsidizing a review of Brazilian standard previously mentioned. Therefore, is is demanded not only provide subsidies for the NBR 10821 review, but also to contribute for directions in product development in the components field and project development as well.

A numerical study of natural convection across a window cavity with an insect screen was performed in order to investigate the effects of changing several variables on the heat transfer through the system. A two-dimensional, laminar model was created using the Computational Fluid Dynamics software FLUENT. The system was approximated by three rectangular zones, the largest representing the open room, a smaller area with an isothermal wall representing the window cavity and a thin area representing the insect screen, which connected the two other zones. The insect screen was assumed to be a porous media with a known pressure drop taken from experimentation and the Darcy-Forchheimer equation was applied to this zone. The factors that were changed in order to examine the effects were two window cavity heights and two widths, five different screen porosities and a variety of window, screen and ambient temperature combinations. The model was compared to analytical solutions for a vertical flat plate, as well as a qualitative analysis done through a simple flow visualization experiment for a midrange porosity of 0.5. It was found that the model matched the analytical solution very well and exhibited the same flow patterns as in the experiment. First a non-heated screen was used, simulating nighttime conditions. Velocity vector and temperature plots were created in order to see the changes in flow patterns as the porosity of the screen was decreased for the various geometries and as the temperature between the window and screen increased. Several flow patterns were observed. For small screen/window spacing, 0.0127m, the flow is fairly uniform for all porosities and follows the entire length of the cavity, slowing in velocity for decreasing porosities. For larger spacing, 0.0254m, there are recirculation zones present, one back up the screen, and one in the bottom corner which causes the flow to exit the cavity before it reaches the bottom. The results were then non-dimensionalized and the heat transfer rates were examined by comparing the local and average Nusselt and Rayleigh number for each model. The results showed the effects of the flow patterns on the heat transfer, with end effects jumping the Nusselt number as the flow navigates the bottom corner. These effects are lessened with decreasing porosity. The average Nusselt number also followed the same trend as flat plate correlations, but with less heat transfer. Finally, a methodology was proposed to approximate the heat transfer as resistor network in order to simplify the heat transfer calculations into a 1-D transfer analysis for building sciences applications. Each element of the system, the window, insect screen and open room, was reduced to an isothermal layer in order to describe the system solely by temperature differences in order to find the heat transfer rates. This final step was done in conjunction with ongoing research at the University of Waterloo Solar Thermal Research Lab.

A numerical study of natural convection across a window cavity with an insect screen was performed in order to investigate the effects of changing several variables on the heat transfer through the system. A two-dimensional, laminar model was created using the Computational Fluid Dynamics software FLUENT. The system was approximated by three rectangular zones, the largest representing the open room, a smaller area with an isothermal wall representing the window cavity and a thin area representing the insect screen, which connected the two other zones. The insect screen was assumed to be a porous media with a known pressure drop taken from experimentation and the Darcy-Forchheimer equation was applied to this zone. The factors that were changed in order to examine the effects were two window cavity heights and two widths, five different screen porosities and a variety of window, screen and ambient temperature combinations. The model was compared to analytical solutions for a vertical flat plate, as well as a qualitative analysis done through a simple flow visualization experiment for a midrange porosity of 0.5. It was found that the model matched the analytical solution very well and exhibited the same flow patterns as in the experiment. First a non-heated screen was used, simulating nighttime conditions. Velocity vector and temperature plots were created in order to see the changes in flow patterns as the porosity of the screen was decreased for the various geometries and as the temperature between the window and screen increased. Several flow patterns were observed. For small screen/window spacing, 0.0127m, the flow is fairly uniform for all porosities and follows the entire length of the cavity, slowing in velocity for decreasing porosities. For larger spacing, 0.0254m, there are recirculation zones present, one back up the screen, and one in the bottom corner which causes the flow to exit the cavity before it reaches the bottom. The results were then non-dimensionalized and the heat transfer rates were examined by comparing the local and average Nusselt and Rayleigh number for each model. The results showed the effects of the flow patterns on the heat transfer, with end effects jumping the Nusselt number as the flow navigates the bottom corner. These effects are lessened with decreasing porosity. The average Nusselt number also followed the same trend as flat plate correlations, but with less heat transfer. Finally, a methodology was proposed to approximate the heat transfer as resistor network in order to simplify the heat transfer calculations into a 1-D transfer analysis for building sciences applications. Each element of the system, the window, insect screen and open room, was reduced to an isothermal layer in order to describe the system solely by temperature differences in order to find the heat transfer rates. This final step was done in conjunction with ongoing research at the University of Waterloo Solar Thermal Research Lab.

A Microsoft Windows program is designed to implement a Multi-Language Identification system based on formants estimation and vector quantization classifier with n-Gram and HMM. LPC is used here as an effective method for formants feature extraction of the speakers, and a new method for distance measure of VQ is also proposed.

The purpose of this research is to develop a heuristic algorithm to minimize total costs in multi-commodity, multi-mode generalized networks with time windows problems. The proposed mathematical model incorporates features of the congestion of vehicle flows and time restriction of delivering commodities. The heuristic algorithm, HA, has two phases. Phase 1 provides lower and upper bounds based on Lagrangian relaxations with subgradient methods. Phase 2 applies two methods, early due date with overdue-date costs and total transportation costs, to search for an improved upper bound. Two application networks are used to test HA for small and medium-scale problems. A different number of commodities and various lengths of planning time periods are generated. Results show that HA can provide good feasible solutions within the reasonable range of optimal solutions. If optimal solutions are unknown, the average gap between lower and upper bounds is 0.0239. Minimal and maximal gaps are 0.0007 and 0.3330. If optimal solutions are known, the maximal gap between upper bounds and optimal solutions is less than 10% ranges of optimal solutions.

Unterlagen zu einem Vortrag im Rahmen des 4. Chemnitzer Linux-Tages. Neben einem Überblick über Struktur und Eigenschaften wird vor allem auf die Konzepte eingegangen. Den Abschluß bildet die Darstellung von Eigenschaften und Prinzipien grafischer Oberflächen. Zielgruppe dieses Vortrags sind Neueinsteiger und Umsteiger.

Vortrag UNIX-Stammtisch November 2002 CygWIN ist ein komfortabler Weg, mit MS-Windows zu arbeiten und dabei nicht auf die Vorzüge von UNIX verzichten zu müssen.

Unterlagen zu einem Vortrag im Rahmen des 5. Chemnitzer Linux-Tages. Neben einem Überblick über Struktur und Eigenschaften wird vor allem auf die Konzepte eingegangen. Den Abschluß bildet die Darstellung von Eigenschaften und Prinzipien grafischer Oberflächen. Zielgruppe dieses Vortrags sind Neueinsteiger und Umsteiger.

Artikel zur bevorstehenden Einführung von Windows XP in das Dienstespektrum des URZ. Konkret werden ausgewählte PC-Pools genannt sowie technologische Ziele mit Auswirkungen auf den Nutzer. Weiterhin werden Aspekte zum angekündigten Admindienst Windows XP und die Einstellung des Admindienstes Windows NT diskutiert.