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Grapevine age : Impact on physiology and berry and wine quality / Age de la vigne : Impact sur la physiologie et la qualité des baies et du vinBou Nader, Khalil 21 December 2018 (has links)
L’âge de la vigne et sa relation avec la qualité du vin sont des sujets d’intérêt récurrents, tant scientifiques qu’économiques. Les consommateurs et acteurs de la filière vitivinicole semblent s’accorder à propos de la capacité des vieilles vignes à produire des vins de caractère supérieur. Malgré les recherches en cours, la validité de ce point de vue reste débattue et les questions concernant les mécanismes à travers lesquels de vieilles vignes aboutiraient à des vins qualité supérieure restent nombreuses. Pour tenter d’y répondre, l’impact de l’âge des vignes sur la physiologie, la tolérance au stress hydrique, ainsi que la qualité des baies et du vin ont été étudiés dans un vignoble expérimental constitué de plants de Vitis vinifera L. cv. de matériel génétique identique (Riesling de clone Gm 239 greffé sur 5C Teleki) mais aux dates de plantation différentes.En 2014 et 2015, les vignes plantées en 2012 n’avaient pas encore atteint leur plein potentiel et avaient une productivité végétative et un rendement significativement inférieurs à ceux des vignes plantées en 1995 et 1971. Par ailleurs, les vignes plantées en 2012 n’ont pas été soumises au même traitement d’enherbement que les vignes plus âgées pendant cette période afin de prévenir une compétition excessive pendant leur établissement. La capacité inférieure de ces vignes et l’absence d’enherbement ont mené à une plus grande exposition des grappes à la lumière et une plus grande accumulation d’azote, ce qui s’est traduit par une plus grande concentration en acides aminés, monoterpènes, norisoprénoides, et flavonols en 2014 et 2015. Les années suivantes (2016 et 2017), le rendement et le poids des bois de taille de ces vignes, ainsi que la composition des baies, étaient comparables à ceux des vignes plus âgées. Les paramètres de maturité technologique (°Brix, l’acidité totale et le pH de moûts) n’ont pas été significativement affectés par l’âge des vignes. […]Des analyses sensorielles et chimiques ont été réalisées en 2017 sur des vins de millésimes précédents. Les vins des plus jeunes vignes ont été associés à des arômes de fruits mûrs et de l’arôme de pétrole typique du Riesling. Ces vins ont aussi été identifiés par de plus hautes concentrations de monoterpènes et norisoprénoides potentiels et de composés soufrés volatils, en 2014 et 2015 uniquement. Les profils sensoriels et chimiques de vins issus des vignes plantées en 1995 et 1971 étaient dépendants du millésime mais pas de l’âge des vignes. Les profils des vins produits en 2016 étaient en superposables pour les trois groupes d’âge.Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit de thèse sont uniques, du fait notamment que le vignoble dans lequel ils ont été conduits a été conçu spécifiquement pour étudier l’effet de l’âge de la vigne dans des conditions environnementales comparables. Une fois que les vignes les plus jeunes ont atteint leur potentiel fructifère et ont été conduites de la même manière que les vignes plus âgées, leur productivité, la composition de leurs baies et la qualité des vins qu’elles produisent ont convergé avec celles des deux autres groupes. Plus intéressant encore, des vignes âgées de 19 et 43 ans se sont comportées de la même façon tout au long de l’étude et ont abouti à des vins comparables en termes d’analyses sensorielles, ce qui va à l’encontre de l’idée reçue qui veut que les vignes les plus âgées produisent des vins de qualité différente.Des travaux précédents ont démontré que la productivité des vignes, quel que soit leur âge, pouvait être expliquée par les réserves de bois et par la taille du tronc. Pour avoir une meilleure idée des différences liées aux réserves, la technique dite « structure-from-motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry » (SfM-MVS) a été testée pour mesurer l’épaisseur des troncs et leur volume. Cette technique qui permet la création de modèles tridimensionnels géo-référencés et à l’échelle a pu générer des modèles précis de tronc de vignes plantées en champ. / Vine age and its relation to the quality of the wine are topics of recurring interest, both scientific and economic. Consumers and actors in the wine sector seem to agree on the ability of old vines to produce wines of superior character. Despite ongoing research, the validity of this point of view remains debated and questions about the mechanisms through which old vines would end up with superior quality wines remain numerous. To try to answer them, the impact vine age on physiology, tolerance to water stress, and berry and wine quality were studied in an experimental vineyard planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. of identical genetic material (Riesling Gm 239 grafted on 5C Teleki) but planted in different years.In 2014 and 2015, the vines planted in 2012 had not yet reached their full potential and had a significantly lower vegetative productivity and yield than the vines planted in 1995 and 1971. Moreover, the vines planted in 2012 were not subjected to the same grass treatment as older vines during this period to prevent excessive competition during establishment. The lower capacity of these vines and the absence of cover crop led to greater exposure of clusters to light and greater nitrogen accumulation, which resulted in a higher concentration of amino acids, monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, and flavonols in 2014 and 2015. In the following years (2016 and 2017), the yield and pruning weight of these vines, as well as their berry composition, were comparable to those of the older vines. The parameters of technological maturity (° Brix, total acidity and must pH) were not significantly affected by vine age.Vines planted in 1995 and 1971 showed similar physiological characteristics throughout the study with the exception of a higher incidence of esca syndrome in the older group. This disease was responsible for the decline in the total yield of vines planted in 1971, but individual yield per vine was equivalent for both groups.Sensory and chemical analyzes were conducted in 2017 on wines from previous vintages. The wines of the youngest vines were associated with aromas of ripe fruit and the kerosene aroma that is typical of Riesling. These wines were also identified by higher concentrations of potential monoterpenes and norisoprenoids and volatile sulfur compounds in 2014 and 2015 only. The sensory and chemical profiles of wines from vineyards planted in 1995 and 1971 were dependent on the vintage but not on the age of the vines. The wine profiles produced in 2016 were overlapping for the three age groups.The works described in this thesis manuscript are unique, particularly because the vineyard in which they were conducted was designed specifically to study the effect of the age of the vine under comparable environmental conditions. Once the youngest vines reached their fruiting potential and were conducted in the same way as the older vines, their productivity, the composition of their berries and the quality of the wines they produce converged with those of the two other groups. More interestingly, vines aged 19 and 43 years behaved similarly throughout the study and resulted in wines comparable in terms of sensory analysis, which goes against the an idea that the older vines produce wines of a different profile.Previous studies have shown that the productivity of the vines, whatever their age, could be explained by the wood reserves and the size of the trunk. To have a better idea of differences linked to reserves, the structure-from-motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) method was tested to measure trunk thickness and volume. The technique, which allows the creation of scaled, georeferenced 3D models based on photographs, was able to produce accurate models of field-grown grapevine trunks.
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Evaluation of parameters to determine optimum ripeness in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in relation to wine qualityBotes, Matthys Petrus 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MscAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / South Africa is the eighth largest wine producing country in the world and face stiff
competition on the world market. Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted red cultivar in
the world as well as in South Africa and can be seen as the wine by which countries are
judged.
The aim of this study was to investigate suitable, practical maturity parameters or
combinations thereof to determine the optimal time to harvest Cabernet Sauvignon grapes
under South African conditions. The following parameters were investigated during this
study: seed lignification, maturity indexes, anthocyanin concentration per berry, sensory
criteria (grape skins tasting and wine) and phenolic content.
Berry development in four Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in different South African
winegrowing areas were investigated over the 2003, 2004 and 2005 seasons. The first
parameter to be investigated was seed lignification percentages. Seasonal differences at
commercial harvest were observed with values of 2004 varying between 73% and 91%
compared to 59% and 80% for the 2003 and 2005 seasons but commercial harvest was
two weeks later during the 2004 season. During this study it was found that seeds never
reached 100% lignification for Cabernet Sauvignon as was found in previous work to
indicate grape maturity. The development of anthocyanins also peaked well before the
maximum seed lignification was reached. It therefore appears that seed lignification is not
suitable for the determination of grape maturity for Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under
South African conditions.
The second parameter to be investigated was maturity indexes (Balling / Titratable
Acidity (TA), Balling × pH, Balling × pH2). The best wine values were used to determine
the optimal maturity index values. Morgenster was the only vineyard to consistently give
values that corresponded to previously reported data (index values). Anhöhe and Plaisir
de Merle reported higher maturity values than that reported in literature and seasonal
variation was observed. Maturity index values for the best wines varied between 88 and
101 (Balling × pH) for Anhöhe during 2003 and 2005 seasons, but increased too between
97 and 107 (Balling × pH) for 2004. The maturity index values were found to be vineyard
and season dependant, with warmer areas reaching higher values. From this study it
appears that maturity index values as a singular maturity parameter does not give a good
indication of berry maturity in all seasons or vineyards.
Thirdly, the berry anthocyanin concentration (mg / berry and mg / g berry) were
investigated and comparable trends were found between the four vineyards. However
vineyards in warmer, drier regions (Anhöhe) tended to have higher anthocyanin
concentrations per gram berry. The more vigorous vineyard of Morgenster consistently
exhibited a higher anthocyanin concentration per berry. This can be explained by the ratio
of skin to pulp between small berries (Anhöhe, 0.95 g - 2004) and larger berries South Africa is the eighth largest wine producing country in the world and face stiff
competition on the world market. Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted red cultivar in
the world as well as in South Africa and can be seen as the wine by which countries are
judged.
The aim of this study was to investigate suitable, practical maturity parameters or
combinations thereof to determine the optimal time to harvest Cabernet Sauvignon grapes
under South African conditions. The following parameters were investigated during this
study: seed lignification, maturity indexes, anthocyanin concentration per berry, sensory
criteria (grape skins tasting and wine) and phenolic content.
Berry development in four Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in different South African
winegrowing areas were investigated over the 2003, 2004 and 2005 seasons. The first
parameter to be investigated was seed lignification percentages. Seasonal differences at
commercial harvest were observed with values of 2004 varying between 73% and 91%
compared to 59% and 80% for the 2003 and 2005 seasons but commercial harvest was
two weeks later during the 2004 season. During this study it was found that seeds never
reached 100% lignification for Cabernet Sauvignon as was found in previous work to
indicate grape maturity. The development of anthocyanins also peaked well before the
maximum seed lignification was reached. It therefore appears that seed lignification is not
suitable for the determination of grape maturity for Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under
South African conditions.
The second parameter to be investigated was maturity indexes (Balling / Titratable
Acidity (TA), Balling × pH, Balling × pH2). The best wine values were used to determine
the optimal maturity index values. Morgenster was the only vineyard to consistently give
values that corresponded to previously reported data (index values). Anhöhe and Plaisir
de Merle reported higher maturity values than that reported in literature and seasonal
variation was observed. Maturity index values for the best wines varied between 88 and
101 (Balling × pH) for Anhöhe during 2003 and 2005 seasons, but increased too between
97 and 107 (Balling × pH) for 2004. The maturity index values were found to be vineyard
and season dependant, with warmer areas reaching higher values. From this study it
appears that maturity index values as a singular maturity parameter does not give a good
indication of berry maturity in all seasons or vineyards.
Thirdly, the berry anthocyanin concentration (mg / berry and mg / g berry) were
investigated and comparable trends were found between the four vineyards. However
vineyards in warmer, drier regions (Anhöhe) tended to have higher anthocyanin
concentrations per gram berry. The more vigorous vineyard of Morgenster consistently
exhibited a higher anthocyanin concentration per berry. This can be explained by the ratio
of skin to pulp between small berries (Anhöhe, 0.95 g - 2004) and larger berries
(Morgenster, 1.82 g – 2004). Wine colour density (A420+A520) followed the same trend as
the anthocyanin concentrations of the homogenate.
Grape skins (G) were used to make an artificial wine that was evaluated by an
expert panel to determine the development of the grapes. Wines (W) made from sampled
batches were also evaluated by an expert panel for: colour intensity, vegetative, red berry,
black berry with spice, acidity, astringency and general quality. Vegetative aromas and
acidity decreased and red and black berry with spice increased during ripening for both
berries and wine. Colour intensity also increased, corresponding to an increase in
perceived general quality score. Correlations between general quality of both the grape
skins tasting and wines were investigated. Balling showed a strong correlation with general
quality of the grape skins tasting (r = 0.76; p = 0.00) but not as strongly with subsequent
wines (r = 0.57; p = 0.00). Anthocyanin concentration (mg / g berry) of the berries (r = 0.36;
p = 0.00), perceived colour intensity of grapes (r = 0.69; p = 0.00) and wine (r = 0.84; p =
0.00) correlated with general wine quality. The tasting panel identified wines that were
statically better than the rest for each season and vineyard. Maximum berry anthocyanin
concentration coincided with wines rated as the best by the tasting panel. More than one
wine was identified during the maximum anthocyanin peak that did not differ statistically
from the best wine. It appears from this study that a window period exists at the maximum
anthocyanin peak, where wines of comparable quality, but different style, can be
produced.
Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the least number of
suitable parameters that could distinguish between unripe and ripe grapes in order to
establish a grape maturity model. These differences were successfully described by
Balling, TA, pH, potassium (K+), tartaric and malic acid. Anthocyanin concentration could
further distinguish between ripe and overripe grapes in the model. From these parameters
the minimum and maximum values were used to construct a universal ripeness model
containing data from all four vineyards. Variation between the four vineyards caused too
much overlapping in the universal model data as the vineyards were situated in different
climatic regions according to the Winkler temperature model. On a per vineyard basis this
did not occur to the same extend. The best rated Cabernet Sauvignon wines correlated
strongly with soluble solid content; colour and quality perceptions of grapes, but large
seasonal differences resulted in larger grape compositional variances than that of the
individual vineyards in the different climatic zones. This illustrated the difficulty of
pinpointing a specific parameter to indicate optimal ripeness. From this study it is clear that
a universal maturity model for Cabernet Sauvignon berries is not attainable at present, but
individual vineyard models shows the most potential.
A preliminary study into the differences of the phenolic composition was done using
reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on the homogenate
and wine. Malvidin-3-glucoside and total anthocyanins followed comparable trends to that
found for the Iland method. Strong correlations (r > 0.9) were found between the malvidin-
3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside-acetate and p-coumarate; this was also true for the total anthocyanins in both homogenate and wine. Wines identified by a tasting panel to be
the best quality, corresponded with the maximum anthocyanin concentration (mg / L) peak
in the homogenate. Dense canopies at the Morgenster vineyard over the three seasons
lead to lower total anthocyanin and quercetin-3-glucuronide concentrations compared to
the Anhöhe and Plaisir de Merle vineyards. The shading of bunches by the dense canopy
most likely contributed to this.
Catechin, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin and polymeric phenol concentrations
decreased significantly from veraison until harvest. Seasonal differences were noted in the
four vineyards. No correlations could be found between the general wine quality and the
phenolic compounds, but a weak trend was observed for total anthocyanins in the
homogenate. A trend was found with the total flavan-3-ol to anthocyanin ratio determined
by RP-HPLC analysis of the grape homogenates (r = 0.40, p = 0.00). This ratio varied
between 1 and 3 for the wines rated as being the best quality. Phenols by themselves do
not give a clear indication of optimal harvest time.
From this study it appears that no single parameter could consistently indicate
optimal ripeness over the seasons or per vineyard, but the maximum berry colour
(anthocyanin concentration) did give an indication of optimal harvesting time. It is clear that
a combination of parameters could predict the optimal time more precisely as with the
above mentioned model but more research is needed to this end.
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The edaphic and climatic effects on production and wine quality of Cabernet Sauvignon in the Lower Olifants River regionBruwer, Rachel Jacoba 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted red cultivar in South Africa and the second
most planted red cultivar in the Olifants River region. The cultivar is prone to vigorous
growth with low yields. Excessive irrigation could accentuate these cultivar
characteristics. Considering the foregoing, the aim of the study was to describe how
Cabernet Sauvignon will react to climate, soil type (texture) and irrigation within the
Lower Olifants River wine region to enable growers to make the right decisions
regarding long term as well as short term cultivation practices. This study is part of a
project carried out by the ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij at Stellenbosch to determine the
effects of soil type and atmospheric conditions on yield and wine quality of Cabernet
Sauvignon in different grape growing regions of South Africa. Similar studies are being
carried out in the Orange River, Stellenbosch and Swartland regions of South Africa.
The Lower Olifants River region could be divided into three climatic regions.
Furthermore, two climatic regions is evident regarding the formation of grape wine
colour and aromas. Proximity to the Atlantic Ocean would play an important role in a
cultivar establishment policy.
The variation in stem water potential (ΨS) could be related to soil water status
expressed in terms of matric potential (ΨM). In the case of sandy soils, ΨS decreased
substantially more as the ΨM decreased compared to the sandy loam soils. The reason
could be that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy soils decreased more
rapidly as the ΨM decreased compared to the heavier soils. Thus could explain why the
grapevines in the sandy soils experienced more water stress than the ones in the sandy
loam soils at a given ΨM.
Climate had a strong influence on grapevine water status with grapevines nearer to
the ocean experiencing less water stress compared to the ones further inland. This was
especially true for grapevines in the sandy soils.
Vegetative growth and yield of grapevines in the sandy soils were more sensitive to
water deficits compared to the ones in the sandy loam soils. For deficit irrigated
grapevines in the sandy soils, vegetative growth and yield decreased by ca. 30% when
ca. 55% less water was applied from flowering to harvest. Yield reduction were ca. 15%
with no or very little influence on vegetative growth with ca. 80% reduction in water
applied from flowering to harvest for grapevines in the sandy loam soils.
The influence of soil texture on wine quality and style were evident under intensive
irrigation as well as over different climatic regions. Overall sensorial potential wine
quality of grapevines in sandy soils tended to be higher compared to the ones in the
sandy loam soils. Deficit irrigation tended to increase wine colour intensity, irrespective
of soil texture. Furthermore, deficit irrigation in sandy loam soils tended to increase wine
fullness and the berry characteristics of the wine. Berry characteristics of wines from the
sandy soils tended to be higher compared to the ones from the sandy loam soils. Too
severe water deficits in sandy soils could be detrimental to wine quality. Climate tended to have an influence on wine style of grapevines in the sandy soils with wines produced
further away from the ocean tended to have higher berry characteristics.
Irrigation management could be a powerful tool to manipulate the grapevine in
sandy soils. For grapevines the sandy loam soils in addition to regulated deficit
irrigation, additional canopy management practices could be needed to improve wine
quality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Cabernet Sauvignon is die mees aangeplante rooidruif kultivar in die Suid-Afrikaanse
wynbedryf. In die Olifantsriver streek is dit naas Shiraz, die tweede mees aangeplante
rooidruif kultivar. Cabernet Sauvignon is bekend as ‘n groeikragtige skaamdraer. Indien
oorbesproei word, kan hierdie potensiële nadelige eienskappe nog meer na vore tree.
Die doel van die studie is om die invloed van die klimaat, grond en besproeiing op
Cabernet Sauvignon se vegetatiewe groei, produksie en wyngehalte in die Benede
Olifantsrivier streek te bepaal. Hierdie inligting kan produsente help om ingeligte kortsowel
as langtermyn besluite te maak rakende die verbouing van Cabernet Sauvignon.
Hierdie studie vorm deel van ‘n breër studie in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf, gedryf
deur die Landbou Navorsingsraad (LNR) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch om die
invloed van atmosferiese toestande en grond op die produksie en wyngehalte van
Cabernet Sauvignon te bepaal. Soortgelyke projekte word uitgevoer in die Oranjerivier,
Stellenbosch en Swartland wynstreke.
Die Benede Olifantsrivier streek kan verdeel word in drie klimaatstreke op grond
van temperatuurdata. In terme van die ontwikkeling van druifkleur en aromas, kan die
streek verdeel word in twee klimaatstreke. Die afstand vanaf die Atlantiese Oseaan kan
‘n belangrike rol speel in die ontwikkeling van ‘n kultivarriglynplan vir die streek.
Grondwaterstatus, uitgedruk as die matrikspotensiaal (ΨM), kan aanleiding gee tot
variasie in middag blaarwaterpotensiaal (ΨS) lesings. Die ΨS van die sand gronde
verlaag vinniger soos die ΨM verlaag invergelyke met die sandleem gronde. Dit kan
moontlik wees as gevolg van die verskil in die grond onversadigde hidroliese
konduktiwiteit. Sand gronde se hidroliese konduktiwiteit verlaag vinniger soos die ΨM
verlaag, invergelyke met sandleem gronde. Dit verklaar waarom wingerde in sand
gronde by dieselfde ΨM, meer waterspanning ondervind as wingerde in sandleem
gronde.
Klimaat het ‘n invloed op die waterstatus van die wingerdstok. Wingerde nader aan
die see het minder waterspanning ondervind invergelyke met wingerde wat verder in die
binneland geleë is. Dit was veral die geval met wingerde in die sand gronde.
Vegetatiewe groei en produksie van wingerde in die sand gronde is meer sensitief
vir waterspanning as wingerde in die sandleem gronde. Tekortbesproeiing in die sand
gronde het die groei asook produksie met ongeveer 30% verlaag deur ongeveer 55%
minder water toe te dien vanaf blom tot oes. In teenstelling daarmee is die produksie
van wingerde in die sandleem gronde met ongeveer 15% verlaag met geen tot baie min
verlaging in die groeikrag. Ongeveer 80% minder water is toegedien vanaf blom tot oes.
Grondtekstuur kan wyngehalte en -styl beïnvloed ten spyte van intensiewe
besproeiing en klimaatsverskille. Sensoriese potensiële wyngehalte van wingerde in die
sand gronde was beter invergelyke met dié van die sandleem gronde. Die wyne vanaf
die sand gronde het ook geneig om oor meer bessie intensiteit te beskik as wyne vanaf
die sandleem gronde. Tekortbesproeiing neig om die wynkleur intensiteit te verhoog,
ongeag van grondtekstuur. Tekortbesproeiing in die sandleem gronde kan ook die
volheid van die wyne verbeter, asook die bessie intensiteit van die wyn verhoog. Te hoë waterspanning in die sand gronde kan wyngehalte nadelig beïnvloed. Klimaat kan ook
die wynstyl vanaf sand gronde beïnvloed met wyne verder vanaf die see wat oor meer
bessie intensiteit beskik as wyne nader aan die see.
Beheerde tekortbesproeiing kan as ‘n kragtige hulpmiddel gebruik word om
wingerde in die sand gronde te manipuleer. Vir wingerde in die sandleem gronde,
addisioneel tot beheerde tekortbesproeiing en normale loofbestuurspraktyke, kan ekstra
loofbestuurspraktyke bv. die verwydering van sylootlote, dalk nodig wees om
wyngehalte te verbeter.
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Raleio de cachos no scultivares Malbec e Syrah em região de altitude / Cluster thinning of Malbec and Sirah grapevines produced in Altitude RegionSilva, Leonardo Cury da 17 March 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The practical viticulture is the application of a set technical management of vinetards, in order to produce the maximum quantity of grape without reducing their enological potential required by certain markets, with minimum cost. These practices derived from scientific knowledge about the biology and physiology of plants in relation to the terroir . One of the main factors that interference in the potential for developing a vineyard is the management of the canopy and cultivation techniques, such as cluster thinning. This study aimed to learn about the physiological and technological maturity of the clusters of Malbec and Syrah grapevines, produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina State. The vineyard has been submitted to diferente levels of cluster thinning made at the véraison , in order to establish criteria that will help determine the most appropriate managent for the preparation of fine red wines in áreas above 900 meters in altitude. The experimente was carried during 2005/07 vintage at the Villa Francioni Vineyards in the city of São Joaquim (28° 17 39 S, 49° 55 56 W), at altitude of 1360 meters with cvs. Malbec and Syrah grafted on Paulsen 1103. The levels of cluster thinning, adjustedat the véraison , correspnded to maximum production of each, and percentage reductions in their productivity in 15%, 30% e 45%. From results found it is concluded that in altitude regions the practice of cluster thinning, estimating a production of around 10 t ha¯¹ for cv. Malbec and 12 t ha¯¹ for cv. Syrah cause positive influence on the phenolical and technological maturity of clusters, promoting the enological potential of bunches and their atributes, necessary for the production of fine red wines with ageing potential, balanced and characteristic of altitude regions of Santa Catarina State / A vitivinicultura prática otimizada é a aplicação de um conjunto de técnicas de manejo do vinhedo, de modo a produzir a máxima quantidade de uva sem reduzir seu potencial enológico exigido por determinados mercados, com um custo mínimo. Estas práticas derivam do conhecimento científico sobre a biologia e a fisiologia das plantas em relação ao meio em que é cultivado o vinhedo e sua manipulação em qualquer condição ou local. A dificuldade está em identificar o equilíbrio exato entre produção, vigor e qualidade da uva. Um dos principais fatores que interferem no potencial de desenvolvimento de um vinhedo é o manejo do dossel e as técnicas de cultivo, dentre os quais encontra-se o raleio de cachos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a maturação fenólica e tecnológica dos cachos nos cultivares Malbec e Syrah, produzidos em região de altitude. O vinhedo foi submetido a diferentes níveis de raleio de cachos realizados na virada de cor, de modo a estabelecer critérios que contribuam para definir o manejo mais apropriado para a elaboração de vinhos tintos finos em regiões acima 900 metros de altitude. Os ensaios foram conduzidos durante as safras de 2005/06 e 2006/07 em um vinhedo da empresa Villa Francioni Agronegócios Ltda., coordenadas 28° 17 39 S e 49° 55 56 W, a 1230 metros de altitude, localizado no município de São Joaquim, SC. Os talhões utilizados dos cultivares Malbec e Syrah foram enxertadas sobre Paulsen 1103 conduzidos em espaldeira, com espaçamento de 3,0m x 1,2m e cobertura anti-granizo. Os níveis de raleio de cachos, ajustados na virada de cor Véraison , corresponderam a produção máxima, inerente a cada cultivar, e reduções percentuais em sua produtividade em 15% , 30% e 45%. Dos resultados obtidos cnclui-se que em condições de altitude, a prática de raleio de cachos, estimando-se uma produção em torno de 10 t ha¯¹ para o cv. Malbec e 12 t ha¯¹ para o cv. Syrah, exercem influência positiva sobre a maturação fenólica e tecnológica dos cachos, favorecendo ao potencial enológico dos cachos e seus atributos necessários para a produção de vinhos tintos finos com potencial de gurada, equilibrados favorecendo a tipicidade da Serra Catarinense
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Qualidade da uva e do vinho da Sangiovese submetida ao raleio de cachos em região de altitude / Qiality of grapes and wine from "Sangiovese" subjected to thinning in the region of heightSchlemper, Caroline 06 April 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Viticulture highlands isexpanding in the state of Santa Catarina, but lack of knowledge on the use of cultivars grapes, which need to expand the research to contribute to the development of production systems that improve the quality of grapes for wine production. The aim of this study was to evalate the influence of grapes for wine production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diferente intensities of thinning, the evolution of physical and chemical characteristics of grape Sangiovese and chemical characteristics of the wine produced from these grapes on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, grown in espalier system. The research was conductedat the company Villa Francioni Ltda., São Joaquim-SDC at na altitude of 1415 meters, in 2007/08 and 2008/09 seasons. The treatment were performed when 50% of the berries had changed color, making the teatments: T1 without ralear T2 15% reduction of the total load of the plant; T3 30% of the total load of the plant, T4 reduction 45% of the total load of the plant. The harvest occurred in April in both seasons, being held on April 16 in 2007/08 and 23 in 2008/09. The practice of thinning influence on the evolution of the chemical characteristics of grapes and wine from the Sangiovese cultivar in the hills of Santa Catarina. For the harvest of 2007/2008, a production with a 30% charge to higher vakues for polyphenols and anthocyanins, the desirable features fine wines. As for the 2008/2009 harvest, showed that treatment without ralear showed the highest results. Given this, it is extremely importante to continue this work to better understand the data, due offer conflicting results compared bibliographies / A viticultura em regiões de altitude está em expansão no estado de Santa Catarina,
porém a falta de conhecimento sobre a utilização das cultivares viníferas, necessita
que se ampliem as pesquisas para contribuir com o desenvolvimento de sistemas de
produção que melhorem a qualidade das uvas destinadas a produção de vinhos. O
objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar a influência de diferentes intensidades
de raleio, na evolução das características físicas e químicas da uva Sangiovese e
das características químicas do vinho produzido a partir destas uvas, sobre porta
enxerto Paulsen 1103, cultivada em sistema espaldeira. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida
na empresa Villa Francioni Ltda, município de São Joaquim-SC a uma altitude de
1.415 metros, nas safras 2007/08 e 2008/09. Os tratamentos foram efetuados
quando 50% das bagas haviam mudado de cor, compondo os tratamentos: T1
testemunha sem ralear; T2 redução de 15% da carga total da planta; T3 redução
de 30% da carga total da planta; T4 redução de 45% da carga total da planta. As
colheitas ocorreram no mês de abril em ambas as safras, sendo realizadas no dia
16, na safra 2007/08 e no dia 23 em 2008/09. A prática do raleio influenciou na
evolução das características químicas das uvas e do vinho da cultivar Sangiovese na
serra catarinense. Para a safra de 2007/2008, uma produção com uma redução de
30% da carga proporcionou maiores valores para polifenóis e antocianinas,
características desejáveis a vinhos finos. Já para a safra 2008/2009, demonstrou
que o tratamento sem ralear apresentou os maiores resultados. Diante disto, é de
suma importância a continuação deste trabalho para melhor compreensão dos
dados, devido apresentarem resultados contraditórios comparados as bibliografias
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Desempenho viti-enológico da variedade Merlot produzida sobre diferentes porta-enxertos no Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina / Viticultural and oenological performance of Merlot variety grafted on different rootstocks in Southern Highlands of Santa Catarina StateAllebrandt, Ricardo 08 August 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of rootstocks in viticulture emerged in Europe in the late
nineteenth century, in order to protect European grapevines (Vitis
vinifera L.)from phylloxera. As a consequence, the study of the
influence of rootstocks on wine and oenological characteristics of the
scion has become increasingly important, since there is no other way to
avoid the attack of phylloxera. Viticulture in the South Highlands of
Santa Catarina State is a recent activity when compared to the main
wine regions, technical and scientific information about combinations of
rootstocks and canopy varieties best suited to the conditions
environment of the region. This purpose of this thesis was to evaluate de
performance of Merlot variety grafted onto three rootstocks, and grown
in three different altitudes of highlands of Santa Catarina State. The
study was conducted in two commercial vineyards located in the
counties of São Joaquim (1.300 m) and Urubici (1.150 m). The vineyard
was established in 2004, spacing 1,5 x 3,0 m, with vines trained to one trunk
and bilateral cordons and winter-pruned to two bud spurs per vine. Shoots
were positioned in a Y-shaped trellis system. Merlot grapevines grafted
onto 1103P, 3309C and 101-14 were evaluated during 2012/2013 and
2013/2014 cycles, according to the following variables: phenology,
production, vigor, technological and phenolic ripening. Besides that, the
phenolic and chromatic compositions of the wines were evaluated by
spectrophotometer. The results reveal that Merlot vines grafted onto 101-14
and 3309C showed an anticipation of 5 days in São Joaquim and 3 days in
Urubici, in the occurrence of véraison compared to vines combined with
1103P. This anticipation conferred a greater GDD accumulation until
harvest. The Merlot variety grafted onto 3309C and 101-14 produced the
lowest number of canes per meter of canopy, and 3309C produced the
largest number of cluster per shoot. When grafted on 1103P, Merlot
produced the lowest number of cluster per shoot the larger leaf area and
higher chlorophyll content per area unit of leaf. In Urubici, Merlot had
yielded the highest fruit load in plants grafted on 101-14. The increase
in production was associated with increased physical characteristics of
clusters. Rootstocks that induced low vigor as 3309 and 101-14,
advanced the technology maturation. The rootstock 101-14 was related
to higher accumulation of anthocyanins in grapes and wines. Chromatic
characteristics related to the color of anthocyanins was also higher in
wines from Merlot grafted onto 101-14 / O uso de portaenxertos na viticultura surgiu na Europa, no final
do século XIX, com a finalidade de controlar a filoxera, principal praga
que ataca a videira européia (Vitis vinifera L.). Como consequência, o
estudo da influência dos portaenxertos sobre as características vitícolas e
enológicas das variedades copa tem se tornado cada vez mais
importante. A vitivinicultura do Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina é uma
atividade recente, quando comparada às regiões tradicionais de
produção de uvas destinadas à elaboração de vinhos finos, carecendo de
informações técnico-científicas a respeito de combinações entre
portaenxertos e variedades copa que melhor se adaptem às condições
ambientais da região. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o
desempenho viti-enológico da variedade Merlot produzida sobre três
portaenxertos e em dois municípios de elevadas altitudes de Santa
Catarina. O estudo foi realizado em vinhedos comerciais localizados nos
municípios de São Joaquim (1.300 m) e em Urubici (1.150 m). O plantio
foi realizado em 2004, com espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m, e as plantas foram
conduzidas em cordão duplo, com poda em esporões de duas gemas. Os
ramos do ano foram conduzidos no sistema de sustentação em Y . As
plantas da variedade Merlot em combinação com os portaenxertos
1103P, 3309C e 101-14, foram avaliadas durante os ciclos 2012/2013 e
2013/2014, quanto às seguintes variáveis: ciclo fenológico,
produtividade, vigor, maturação tecnológica e fenólica. Além disso, a
composição fenólica e cromática dos vinhos, provenientes de cada
combinação, foram avaliadas por métodos de espectrofotometria. Os
resultados revelaram que as plantas Merlot enxertada sobre 101-14 e
3309C apresentaram uma antecipação média de 5 dias em São Joaquim
e 3 dias em Urubici, na ocorrência da mudança de cor das bagas, quando
comparadas às plantas combinadas com 1103P. Esta antecipação
possibilitou um maior acúmulo de soma térmica (GDD) até a data da
colheita. Quando enxertada em 3309C e 101-14, a variedade Merlot
produziu os menores números de ramos por metro linear de dossel, e em
3309C produziu o maior número de cachos por ramo. Quando enxertada
sobre 1103P, produziu o menor número de cachos por ramo, a maior
área foliar e o maior teor de clorofila nas folhas. Em Urubici, obteve-se
maior produção de carga de frutos em plantas enxertadas sobre 101-14.
O aumento da produção esteve relacionado com o aumento das
características físicas do cacho. Portaenxertos que induziram baixo
vigor, como 3309C e 101-14, adiantaram a maturação tecnológica. O
portaenxerto 101-14 esteve relacionado ao maior acúmulo de
antocianinas nas uvas e nos vinhos. As características cromáticas
relacionadas à cor das antocianinas também foi maior nos vinhos da
combinação de Merlot com 101-14
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