L’âge de la vigne et sa relation avec la qualité du vin sont des sujets d’intérêt récurrents, tant scientifiques qu’économiques. Les consommateurs et acteurs de la filière vitivinicole semblent s’accorder à propos de la capacité des vieilles vignes à produire des vins de caractère supérieur. Malgré les recherches en cours, la validité de ce point de vue reste débattue et les questions concernant les mécanismes à travers lesquels de vieilles vignes aboutiraient à des vins qualité supérieure restent nombreuses. Pour tenter d’y répondre, l’impact de l’âge des vignes sur la physiologie, la tolérance au stress hydrique, ainsi que la qualité des baies et du vin ont été étudiés dans un vignoble expérimental constitué de plants de Vitis vinifera L. cv. de matériel génétique identique (Riesling de clone Gm 239 greffé sur 5C Teleki) mais aux dates de plantation différentes.En 2014 et 2015, les vignes plantées en 2012 n’avaient pas encore atteint leur plein potentiel et avaient une productivité végétative et un rendement significativement inférieurs à ceux des vignes plantées en 1995 et 1971. Par ailleurs, les vignes plantées en 2012 n’ont pas été soumises au même traitement d’enherbement que les vignes plus âgées pendant cette période afin de prévenir une compétition excessive pendant leur établissement. La capacité inférieure de ces vignes et l’absence d’enherbement ont mené à une plus grande exposition des grappes à la lumière et une plus grande accumulation d’azote, ce qui s’est traduit par une plus grande concentration en acides aminés, monoterpènes, norisoprénoides, et flavonols en 2014 et 2015. Les années suivantes (2016 et 2017), le rendement et le poids des bois de taille de ces vignes, ainsi que la composition des baies, étaient comparables à ceux des vignes plus âgées. Les paramètres de maturité technologique (°Brix, l’acidité totale et le pH de moûts) n’ont pas été significativement affectés par l’âge des vignes. […]Des analyses sensorielles et chimiques ont été réalisées en 2017 sur des vins de millésimes précédents. Les vins des plus jeunes vignes ont été associés à des arômes de fruits mûrs et de l’arôme de pétrole typique du Riesling. Ces vins ont aussi été identifiés par de plus hautes concentrations de monoterpènes et norisoprénoides potentiels et de composés soufrés volatils, en 2014 et 2015 uniquement. Les profils sensoriels et chimiques de vins issus des vignes plantées en 1995 et 1971 étaient dépendants du millésime mais pas de l’âge des vignes. Les profils des vins produits en 2016 étaient en superposables pour les trois groupes d’âge.Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit de thèse sont uniques, du fait notamment que le vignoble dans lequel ils ont été conduits a été conçu spécifiquement pour étudier l’effet de l’âge de la vigne dans des conditions environnementales comparables. Une fois que les vignes les plus jeunes ont atteint leur potentiel fructifère et ont été conduites de la même manière que les vignes plus âgées, leur productivité, la composition de leurs baies et la qualité des vins qu’elles produisent ont convergé avec celles des deux autres groupes. Plus intéressant encore, des vignes âgées de 19 et 43 ans se sont comportées de la même façon tout au long de l’étude et ont abouti à des vins comparables en termes d’analyses sensorielles, ce qui va à l’encontre de l’idée reçue qui veut que les vignes les plus âgées produisent des vins de qualité différente.Des travaux précédents ont démontré que la productivité des vignes, quel que soit leur âge, pouvait être expliquée par les réserves de bois et par la taille du tronc. Pour avoir une meilleure idée des différences liées aux réserves, la technique dite « structure-from-motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry » (SfM-MVS) a été testée pour mesurer l’épaisseur des troncs et leur volume. Cette technique qui permet la création de modèles tridimensionnels géo-référencés et à l’échelle a pu générer des modèles précis de tronc de vignes plantées en champ. / Vine age and its relation to the quality of the wine are topics of recurring interest, both scientific and economic. Consumers and actors in the wine sector seem to agree on the ability of old vines to produce wines of superior character. Despite ongoing research, the validity of this point of view remains debated and questions about the mechanisms through which old vines would end up with superior quality wines remain numerous. To try to answer them, the impact vine age on physiology, tolerance to water stress, and berry and wine quality were studied in an experimental vineyard planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. of identical genetic material (Riesling Gm 239 grafted on 5C Teleki) but planted in different years.In 2014 and 2015, the vines planted in 2012 had not yet reached their full potential and had a significantly lower vegetative productivity and yield than the vines planted in 1995 and 1971. Moreover, the vines planted in 2012 were not subjected to the same grass treatment as older vines during this period to prevent excessive competition during establishment. The lower capacity of these vines and the absence of cover crop led to greater exposure of clusters to light and greater nitrogen accumulation, which resulted in a higher concentration of amino acids, monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, and flavonols in 2014 and 2015. In the following years (2016 and 2017), the yield and pruning weight of these vines, as well as their berry composition, were comparable to those of the older vines. The parameters of technological maturity (° Brix, total acidity and must pH) were not significantly affected by vine age.Vines planted in 1995 and 1971 showed similar physiological characteristics throughout the study with the exception of a higher incidence of esca syndrome in the older group. This disease was responsible for the decline in the total yield of vines planted in 1971, but individual yield per vine was equivalent for both groups.Sensory and chemical analyzes were conducted in 2017 on wines from previous vintages. The wines of the youngest vines were associated with aromas of ripe fruit and the kerosene aroma that is typical of Riesling. These wines were also identified by higher concentrations of potential monoterpenes and norisoprenoids and volatile sulfur compounds in 2014 and 2015 only. The sensory and chemical profiles of wines from vineyards planted in 1995 and 1971 were dependent on the vintage but not on the age of the vines. The wine profiles produced in 2016 were overlapping for the three age groups.The works described in this thesis manuscript are unique, particularly because the vineyard in which they were conducted was designed specifically to study the effect of the age of the vine under comparable environmental conditions. Once the youngest vines reached their fruiting potential and were conducted in the same way as the older vines, their productivity, the composition of their berries and the quality of the wines they produce converged with those of the two other groups. More interestingly, vines aged 19 and 43 years behaved similarly throughout the study and resulted in wines comparable in terms of sensory analysis, which goes against the an idea that the older vines produce wines of a different profile.Previous studies have shown that the productivity of the vines, whatever their age, could be explained by the wood reserves and the size of the trunk. To have a better idea of differences linked to reserves, the structure-from-motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) method was tested to measure trunk thickness and volume. The technique, which allows the creation of scaled, georeferenced 3D models based on photographs, was able to produce accurate models of field-grown grapevine trunks.

Thesis (MscAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / South Africa is the eighth largest wine producing country in the world and face stiff competition on the world market. Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted red cultivar in the world as well as in South Africa and can be seen as the wine by which countries are judged. The aim of this study was to investigate suitable, practical maturity parameters or combinations thereof to determine the optimal time to harvest Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under South African conditions. The following parameters were investigated during this study: seed lignification, maturity indexes, anthocyanin concentration per berry, sensory criteria (grape skins tasting and wine) and phenolic content. Berry development in four Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in different South African winegrowing areas were investigated over the 2003, 2004 and 2005 seasons. The first parameter to be investigated was seed lignification percentages. Seasonal differences at commercial harvest were observed with values of 2004 varying between 73% and 91% compared to 59% and 80% for the 2003 and 2005 seasons but commercial harvest was two weeks later during the 2004 season. During this study it was found that seeds never reached 100% lignification for Cabernet Sauvignon as was found in previous work to indicate grape maturity. The development of anthocyanins also peaked well before the maximum seed lignification was reached. It therefore appears that seed lignification is not suitable for the determination of grape maturity for Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under South African conditions. The second parameter to be investigated was maturity indexes (Balling / Titratable Acidity (TA), Balling × pH, Balling × pH2). The best wine values were used to determine the optimal maturity index values. Morgenster was the only vineyard to consistently give values that corresponded to previously reported data (index values). Anhöhe and Plaisir de Merle reported higher maturity values than that reported in literature and seasonal variation was observed. Maturity index values for the best wines varied between 88 and 101 (Balling × pH) for Anhöhe during 2003 and 2005 seasons, but increased too between 97 and 107 (Balling × pH) for 2004. The maturity index values were found to be vineyard and season dependant, with warmer areas reaching higher values. From this study it appears that maturity index values as a singular maturity parameter does not give a good indication of berry maturity in all seasons or vineyards. Thirdly, the berry anthocyanin concentration (mg / berry and mg / g berry) were investigated and comparable trends were found between the four vineyards. However vineyards in warmer, drier regions (Anhöhe) tended to have higher anthocyanin concentrations per gram berry. The more vigorous vineyard of Morgenster consistently exhibited a higher anthocyanin concentration per berry. This can be explained by the ratio of skin to pulp between small berries (Anhöhe, 0.95 g - 2004) and larger berries South Africa is the eighth largest wine producing country in the world and face stiff competition on the world market. Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted red cultivar in the world as well as in South Africa and can be seen as the wine by which countries are judged. The aim of this study was to investigate suitable, practical maturity parameters or combinations thereof to determine the optimal time to harvest Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under South African conditions. The following parameters were investigated during this study: seed lignification, maturity indexes, anthocyanin concentration per berry, sensory criteria (grape skins tasting and wine) and phenolic content. Berry development in four Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in different South African winegrowing areas were investigated over the 2003, 2004 and 2005 seasons. The first parameter to be investigated was seed lignification percentages. Seasonal differences at commercial harvest were observed with values of 2004 varying between 73% and 91% compared to 59% and 80% for the 2003 and 2005 seasons but commercial harvest was two weeks later during the 2004 season. During this study it was found that seeds never reached 100% lignification for Cabernet Sauvignon as was found in previous work to indicate grape maturity. The development of anthocyanins also peaked well before the maximum seed lignification was reached. It therefore appears that seed lignification is not suitable for the determination of grape maturity for Cabernet Sauvignon grapes under South African conditions. The second parameter to be investigated was maturity indexes (Balling / Titratable Acidity (TA), Balling × pH, Balling × pH2). The best wine values were used to determine the optimal maturity index values. Morgenster was the only vineyard to consistently give values that corresponded to previously reported data (index values). Anhöhe and Plaisir de Merle reported higher maturity values than that reported in literature and seasonal variation was observed. Maturity index values for the best wines varied between 88 and 101 (Balling × pH) for Anhöhe during 2003 and 2005 seasons, but increased too between 97 and 107 (Balling × pH) for 2004. The maturity index values were found to be vineyard and season dependant, with warmer areas reaching higher values. From this study it appears that maturity index values as a singular maturity parameter does not give a good indication of berry maturity in all seasons or vineyards. Thirdly, the berry anthocyanin concentration (mg / berry and mg / g berry) were investigated and comparable trends were found between the four vineyards. However vineyards in warmer, drier regions (Anhöhe) tended to have higher anthocyanin concentrations per gram berry. The more vigorous vineyard of Morgenster consistently exhibited a higher anthocyanin concentration per berry. This can be explained by the ratio of skin to pulp between small berries (Anhöhe, 0.95 g - 2004) and larger berries (Morgenster, 1.82 g – 2004). Wine colour density (A420+A520) followed the same trend as the anthocyanin concentrations of the homogenate. Grape skins (G) were used to make an artificial wine that was evaluated by an expert panel to determine the development of the grapes. Wines (W) made from sampled batches were also evaluated by an expert panel for: colour intensity, vegetative, red berry, black berry with spice, acidity, astringency and general quality. Vegetative aromas and acidity decreased and red and black berry with spice increased during ripening for both berries and wine. Colour intensity also increased, corresponding to an increase in perceived general quality score. Correlations between general quality of both the grape skins tasting and wines were investigated. Balling showed a strong correlation with general quality of the grape skins tasting (r = 0.76; p = 0.00) but not as strongly with subsequent wines (r = 0.57; p = 0.00). Anthocyanin concentration (mg / g berry) of the berries (r = 0.36; p = 0.00), perceived colour intensity of grapes (r = 0.69; p = 0.00) and wine (r = 0.84; p = 0.00) correlated with general wine quality. The tasting panel identified wines that were statically better than the rest for each season and vineyard. Maximum berry anthocyanin concentration coincided with wines rated as the best by the tasting panel. More than one wine was identified during the maximum anthocyanin peak that did not differ statistically from the best wine. It appears from this study that a window period exists at the maximum anthocyanin peak, where wines of comparable quality, but different style, can be produced. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the least number of suitable parameters that could distinguish between unripe and ripe grapes in order to establish a grape maturity model. These differences were successfully described by Balling, TA, pH, potassium (K+), tartaric and malic acid. Anthocyanin concentration could further distinguish between ripe and overripe grapes in the model. From these parameters the minimum and maximum values were used to construct a universal ripeness model containing data from all four vineyards. Variation between the four vineyards caused too much overlapping in the universal model data as the vineyards were situated in different climatic regions according to the Winkler temperature model. On a per vineyard basis this did not occur to the same extend. The best rated Cabernet Sauvignon wines correlated strongly with soluble solid content; colour and quality perceptions of grapes, but large seasonal differences resulted in larger grape compositional variances than that of the individual vineyards in the different climatic zones. This illustrated the difficulty of pinpointing a specific parameter to indicate optimal ripeness. From this study it is clear that a universal maturity model for Cabernet Sauvignon berries is not attainable at present, but individual vineyard models shows the most potential. A preliminary study into the differences of the phenolic composition was done using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on the homogenate and wine. Malvidin-3-glucoside and total anthocyanins followed comparable trends to that found for the Iland method. Strong correlations (r > 0.9) were found between the malvidin- 3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside-acetate and p-coumarate; this was also true for the total anthocyanins in both homogenate and wine. Wines identified by a tasting panel to be the best quality, corresponded with the maximum anthocyanin concentration (mg / L) peak in the homogenate. Dense canopies at the Morgenster vineyard over the three seasons lead to lower total anthocyanin and quercetin-3-glucuronide concentrations compared to the Anhöhe and Plaisir de Merle vineyards. The shading of bunches by the dense canopy most likely contributed to this. Catechin, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin and polymeric phenol concentrations decreased significantly from veraison until harvest. Seasonal differences were noted in the four vineyards. No correlations could be found between the general wine quality and the phenolic compounds, but a weak trend was observed for total anthocyanins in the homogenate. A trend was found with the total flavan-3-ol to anthocyanin ratio determined by RP-HPLC analysis of the grape homogenates (r = 0.40, p = 0.00). This ratio varied between 1 and 3 for the wines rated as being the best quality. Phenols by themselves do not give a clear indication of optimal harvest time. From this study it appears that no single parameter could consistently indicate optimal ripeness over the seasons or per vineyard, but the maximum berry colour (anthocyanin concentration) did give an indication of optimal harvesting time. It is clear that a combination of parameters could predict the optimal time more precisely as with the above mentioned model but more research is needed to this end.

Thesis (MScAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted red cultivar in South Africa and the second most planted red cultivar in the Olifants River region. The cultivar is prone to vigorous growth with low yields. Excessive irrigation could accentuate these cultivar characteristics. Considering the foregoing, the aim of the study was to describe how Cabernet Sauvignon will react to climate, soil type (texture) and irrigation within the Lower Olifants River wine region to enable growers to make the right decisions regarding long term as well as short term cultivation practices. This study is part of a project carried out by the ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij at Stellenbosch to determine the effects of soil type and atmospheric conditions on yield and wine quality of Cabernet Sauvignon in different grape growing regions of South Africa. Similar studies are being carried out in the Orange River, Stellenbosch and Swartland regions of South Africa. The Lower Olifants River region could be divided into three climatic regions. Furthermore, two climatic regions is evident regarding the formation of grape wine colour and aromas. Proximity to the Atlantic Ocean would play an important role in a cultivar establishment policy. The variation in stem water potential (ΨS) could be related to soil water status expressed in terms of matric potential (ΨM). In the case of sandy soils, ΨS decreased substantially more as the ΨM decreased compared to the sandy loam soils. The reason could be that the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy soils decreased more rapidly as the ΨM decreased compared to the heavier soils. Thus could explain why the grapevines in the sandy soils experienced more water stress than the ones in the sandy loam soils at a given ΨM. Climate had a strong influence on grapevine water status with grapevines nearer to the ocean experiencing less water stress compared to the ones further inland. This was especially true for grapevines in the sandy soils. Vegetative growth and yield of grapevines in the sandy soils were more sensitive to water deficits compared to the ones in the sandy loam soils. For deficit irrigated grapevines in the sandy soils, vegetative growth and yield decreased by ca. 30% when ca. 55% less water was applied from flowering to harvest. Yield reduction were ca. 15% with no or very little influence on vegetative growth with ca. 80% reduction in water applied from flowering to harvest for grapevines in the sandy loam soils. The influence of soil texture on wine quality and style were evident under intensive irrigation as well as over different climatic regions. Overall sensorial potential wine quality of grapevines in sandy soils tended to be higher compared to the ones in the sandy loam soils. Deficit irrigation tended to increase wine colour intensity, irrespective of soil texture. Furthermore, deficit irrigation in sandy loam soils tended to increase wine fullness and the berry characteristics of the wine. Berry characteristics of wines from the sandy soils tended to be higher compared to the ones from the sandy loam soils. Too severe water deficits in sandy soils could be detrimental to wine quality. Climate tended to have an influence on wine style of grapevines in the sandy soils with wines produced further away from the ocean tended to have higher berry characteristics. Irrigation management could be a powerful tool to manipulate the grapevine in sandy soils. For grapevines the sandy loam soils in addition to regulated deficit irrigation, additional canopy management practices could be needed to improve wine quality. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Cabernet Sauvignon is die mees aangeplante rooidruif kultivar in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf. In die Olifantsriver streek is dit naas Shiraz, die tweede mees aangeplante rooidruif kultivar. Cabernet Sauvignon is bekend as ‘n groeikragtige skaamdraer. Indien oorbesproei word, kan hierdie potensiële nadelige eienskappe nog meer na vore tree. Die doel van die studie is om die invloed van die klimaat, grond en besproeiing op Cabernet Sauvignon se vegetatiewe groei, produksie en wyngehalte in die Benede Olifantsrivier streek te bepaal. Hierdie inligting kan produsente help om ingeligte kortsowel as langtermyn besluite te maak rakende die verbouing van Cabernet Sauvignon. Hierdie studie vorm deel van ‘n breër studie in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf, gedryf deur die Landbou Navorsingsraad (LNR) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch om die invloed van atmosferiese toestande en grond op die produksie en wyngehalte van Cabernet Sauvignon te bepaal. Soortgelyke projekte word uitgevoer in die Oranjerivier, Stellenbosch en Swartland wynstreke. Die Benede Olifantsrivier streek kan verdeel word in drie klimaatstreke op grond van temperatuurdata. In terme van die ontwikkeling van druifkleur en aromas, kan die streek verdeel word in twee klimaatstreke. Die afstand vanaf die Atlantiese Oseaan kan ‘n belangrike rol speel in die ontwikkeling van ‘n kultivarriglynplan vir die streek. Grondwaterstatus, uitgedruk as die matrikspotensiaal (ΨM), kan aanleiding gee tot variasie in middag blaarwaterpotensiaal (ΨS) lesings. Die ΨS van die sand gronde verlaag vinniger soos die ΨM verlaag invergelyke met die sandleem gronde. Dit kan moontlik wees as gevolg van die verskil in die grond onversadigde hidroliese konduktiwiteit. Sand gronde se hidroliese konduktiwiteit verlaag vinniger soos die ΨM verlaag, invergelyke met sandleem gronde. Dit verklaar waarom wingerde in sand gronde by dieselfde ΨM, meer waterspanning ondervind as wingerde in sandleem gronde. Klimaat het ‘n invloed op die waterstatus van die wingerdstok. Wingerde nader aan die see het minder waterspanning ondervind invergelyke met wingerde wat verder in die binneland geleë is. Dit was veral die geval met wingerde in die sand gronde. Vegetatiewe groei en produksie van wingerde in die sand gronde is meer sensitief vir waterspanning as wingerde in die sandleem gronde. Tekortbesproeiing in die sand gronde het die groei asook produksie met ongeveer 30% verlaag deur ongeveer 55% minder water toe te dien vanaf blom tot oes. In teenstelling daarmee is die produksie van wingerde in die sandleem gronde met ongeveer 15% verlaag met geen tot baie min verlaging in die groeikrag. Ongeveer 80% minder water is toegedien vanaf blom tot oes. Grondtekstuur kan wyngehalte en -styl beïnvloed ten spyte van intensiewe besproeiing en klimaatsverskille. Sensoriese potensiële wyngehalte van wingerde in die sand gronde was beter invergelyke met dié van die sandleem gronde. Die wyne vanaf die sand gronde het ook geneig om oor meer bessie intensiteit te beskik as wyne vanaf die sandleem gronde. Tekortbesproeiing neig om die wynkleur intensiteit te verhoog, ongeag van grondtekstuur. Tekortbesproeiing in die sandleem gronde kan ook die volheid van die wyne verbeter, asook die bessie intensiteit van die wyn verhoog. Te hoë waterspanning in die sand gronde kan wyngehalte nadelig beïnvloed. Klimaat kan ook die wynstyl vanaf sand gronde beïnvloed met wyne verder vanaf die see wat oor meer bessie intensiteit beskik as wyne nader aan die see. Beheerde tekortbesproeiing kan as ‘n kragtige hulpmiddel gebruik word om wingerde in die sand gronde te manipuleer. Vir wingerde in die sandleem gronde, addisioneel tot beheerde tekortbesproeiing en normale loofbestuurspraktyke, kan ekstra loofbestuurspraktyke bv. die verwydering van sylootlote, dalk nodig wees om wyngehalte te verbeter.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV08MA047.pdf: 823062 bytes, checksum: 56540dd9af64c113dfe8f05db9183c75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The practical viticulture is the application of a set technical management of vinetards, in order to produce the maximum quantity of grape without reducing their enological potential required by certain markets, with minimum cost. These practices derived from scientific knowledge about the biology and physiology of plants in relation to the terroir . One of the main factors that interference in the potential for developing a vineyard is the management of the canopy and cultivation techniques, such as cluster thinning. This study aimed to learn about the physiological and technological maturity of the clusters of Malbec and Syrah grapevines, produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina State. The vineyard has been submitted to diferente levels of cluster thinning made at the véraison , in order to establish criteria that will help determine the most appropriate managent for the preparation of fine red wines in áreas above 900 meters in altitude. The experimente was carried during 2005/07 vintage at the Villa Francioni Vineyards in the city of São Joaquim (28° 17 39 S, 49° 55 56 W), at altitude of 1360 meters with cvs. Malbec and Syrah grafted on Paulsen 1103. The levels of cluster thinning, adjustedat the véraison , correspnded to maximum production of each, and percentage reductions in their productivity in 15%, 30% e 45%. From results found it is concluded that in altitude regions the practice of cluster thinning, estimating a production of around 10 t ha¯¹ for cv. Malbec and 12 t ha¯¹ for cv. Syrah cause positive influence on the phenolical and technological maturity of clusters, promoting the enological potential of bunches and their atributes, necessary for the production of fine red wines with ageing potential, balanced and characteristic of altitude regions of Santa Catarina State / A vitivinicultura prática otimizada é a aplicação de um conjunto de técnicas de manejo do vinhedo, de modo a produzir a máxima quantidade de uva sem reduzir seu potencial enológico exigido por determinados mercados, com um custo mínimo. Estas práticas derivam do conhecimento científico sobre a biologia e a fisiologia das plantas em relação ao meio em que é cultivado o vinhedo e sua manipulação em qualquer condição ou local. A dificuldade está em identificar o equilíbrio exato entre produção, vigor e qualidade da uva. Um dos principais fatores que interferem no potencial de desenvolvimento de um vinhedo é o manejo do dossel e as técnicas de cultivo, dentre os quais encontra-se o raleio de cachos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter informações sobre a maturação fenólica e tecnológica dos cachos nos cultivares Malbec e Syrah, produzidos em região de altitude. O vinhedo foi submetido a diferentes níveis de raleio de cachos realizados na virada de cor, de modo a estabelecer critérios que contribuam para definir o manejo mais apropriado para a elaboração de vinhos tintos finos em regiões acima 900 metros de altitude. Os ensaios foram conduzidos durante as safras de 2005/06 e 2006/07 em um vinhedo da empresa Villa Francioni Agronegócios Ltda., coordenadas 28° 17 39 S e 49° 55 56 W, a 1230 metros de altitude, localizado no município de São Joaquim, SC. Os talhões utilizados dos cultivares Malbec e Syrah foram enxertadas sobre Paulsen 1103 conduzidos em espaldeira, com espaçamento de 3,0m x 1,2m e cobertura anti-granizo. Os níveis de raleio de cachos, ajustados na virada de cor Véraison , corresponderam a produção máxima, inerente a cada cultivar, e reduções percentuais em sua produtividade em 15% , 30% e 45%. Dos resultados obtidos cnclui-se que em condições de altitude, a prática de raleio de cachos, estimando-se uma produção em torno de 10 t ha¯¹ para o cv. Malbec e 12 t ha¯¹ para o cv. Syrah, exercem influência positiva sobre a maturação fenólica e tecnológica dos cachos, favorecendo ao potencial enológico dos cachos e seus atributos necessários para a produção de vinhos tintos finos com potencial de gurada, equilibrados favorecendo a tipicidade da Serra Catarinense

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV10MA052.pdf: 406980 bytes, checksum: 529cbe2c06ed0aa66736487fd0596ce1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Viticulture highlands isexpanding in the state of Santa Catarina, but lack of knowledge on the use of cultivars grapes, which need to expand the research to contribute to the development of production systems that improve the quality of grapes for wine production. The aim of this study was to evalate the influence of grapes for wine production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of diferente intensities of thinning, the evolution of physical and chemical characteristics of grape Sangiovese and chemical characteristics of the wine produced from these grapes on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, grown in espalier system. The research was conductedat the company Villa Francioni Ltda., São Joaquim-SDC at na altitude of 1415 meters, in 2007/08 and 2008/09 seasons. The treatment were performed when 50% of the berries had changed color, making the teatments: T1 without ralear T2 15% reduction of the total load of the plant; T3 30% of the total load of the plant, T4 reduction 45% of the total load of the plant. The harvest occurred in April in both seasons, being held on April 16 in 2007/08 and 23 in 2008/09. The practice of thinning influence on the evolution of the chemical characteristics of grapes and wine from the Sangiovese cultivar in the hills of Santa Catarina. For the harvest of 2007/2008, a production with a 30% charge to higher vakues for polyphenols and anthocyanins, the desirable features fine wines. As for the 2008/2009 harvest, showed that treatment without ralear showed the highest results. Given this, it is extremely importante to continue this work to better understand the data, due offer conflicting results compared bibliographies / A viticultura em regiões de altitude está em expansão no estado de Santa Catarina, porém a falta de conhecimento sobre a utilização das cultivares viníferas, necessita que se ampliem as pesquisas para contribuir com o desenvolvimento de sistemas de produção que melhorem a qualidade das uvas destinadas a produção de vinhos. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar a influência de diferentes intensidades de raleio, na evolução das características físicas e químicas da uva Sangiovese e das características químicas do vinho produzido a partir destas uvas, sobre porta enxerto Paulsen 1103, cultivada em sistema espaldeira. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na empresa Villa Francioni Ltda, município de São Joaquim-SC a uma altitude de 1.415 metros, nas safras 2007/08 e 2008/09. Os tratamentos foram efetuados quando 50% das bagas haviam mudado de cor, compondo os tratamentos: T1 testemunha sem ralear; T2 redução de 15% da carga total da planta; T3 redução de 30% da carga total da planta; T4 redução de 45% da carga total da planta. As colheitas ocorreram no mês de abril em ambas as safras, sendo realizadas no dia 16, na safra 2007/08 e no dia 23 em 2008/09. A prática do raleio influenciou na evolução das características químicas das uvas e do vinho da cultivar Sangiovese na serra catarinense. Para a safra de 2007/2008, uma produção com uma redução de 30% da carga proporcionou maiores valores para polifenóis e antocianinas, características desejáveis a vinhos finos. Já para a safra 2008/2009, demonstrou que o tratamento sem ralear apresentou os maiores resultados. Diante disto, é de suma importância a continuação deste trabalho para melhor compreensão dos dados, devido apresentarem resultados contraditórios comparados as bibliografias

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV14MA154.pdf: 838575 bytes, checksum: 1ddc3528cf3bc228191e87bd98d4719f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of rootstocks in viticulture emerged in Europe in the late nineteenth century, in order to protect European grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)from phylloxera. As a consequence, the study of the influence of rootstocks on wine and oenological characteristics of the scion has become increasingly important, since there is no other way to avoid the attack of phylloxera. Viticulture in the South Highlands of Santa Catarina State is a recent activity when compared to the main wine regions, technical and scientific information about combinations of rootstocks and canopy varieties best suited to the conditions environment of the region. This purpose of this thesis was to evaluate de performance of Merlot variety grafted onto three rootstocks, and grown in three different altitudes of highlands of Santa Catarina State. The study was conducted in two commercial vineyards located in the counties of São Joaquim (1.300 m) and Urubici (1.150 m). The vineyard was established in 2004, spacing 1,5 x 3,0 m, with vines trained to one trunk and bilateral cordons and winter-pruned to two bud spurs per vine. Shoots were positioned in a Y-shaped trellis system. Merlot grapevines grafted onto 1103P, 3309C and 101-14 were evaluated during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 cycles, according to the following variables: phenology, production, vigor, technological and phenolic ripening. Besides that, the phenolic and chromatic compositions of the wines were evaluated by spectrophotometer. The results reveal that Merlot vines grafted onto 101-14 and 3309C showed an anticipation of 5 days in São Joaquim and 3 days in Urubici, in the occurrence of véraison compared to vines combined with 1103P. This anticipation conferred a greater GDD accumulation until harvest. The Merlot variety grafted onto 3309C and 101-14 produced the lowest number of canes per meter of canopy, and 3309C produced the largest number of cluster per shoot. When grafted on 1103P, Merlot produced the lowest number of cluster per shoot the larger leaf area and higher chlorophyll content per area unit of leaf. In Urubici, Merlot had yielded the highest fruit load in plants grafted on 101-14. The increase in production was associated with increased physical characteristics of clusters. Rootstocks that induced low vigor as 3309 and 101-14, advanced the technology maturation. The rootstock 101-14 was related to higher accumulation of anthocyanins in grapes and wines. Chromatic characteristics related to the color of anthocyanins was also higher in wines from Merlot grafted onto 101-14 / O uso de portaenxertos na viticultura surgiu na Europa, no final do século XIX, com a finalidade de controlar a filoxera, principal praga que ataca a videira européia (Vitis vinifera L.). Como consequência, o estudo da influência dos portaenxertos sobre as características vitícolas e enológicas das variedades copa tem se tornado cada vez mais importante. A vitivinicultura do Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina é uma atividade recente, quando comparada às regiões tradicionais de produção de uvas destinadas à elaboração de vinhos finos, carecendo de informações técnico-científicas a respeito de combinações entre portaenxertos e variedades copa que melhor se adaptem às condições ambientais da região. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho viti-enológico da variedade Merlot produzida sobre três portaenxertos e em dois municípios de elevadas altitudes de Santa Catarina. O estudo foi realizado em vinhedos comerciais localizados nos municípios de São Joaquim (1.300 m) e em Urubici (1.150 m). O plantio foi realizado em 2004, com espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m, e as plantas foram conduzidas em cordão duplo, com poda em esporões de duas gemas. Os ramos do ano foram conduzidos no sistema de sustentação em Y . As plantas da variedade Merlot em combinação com os portaenxertos 1103P, 3309C e 101-14, foram avaliadas durante os ciclos 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, quanto às seguintes variáveis: ciclo fenológico, produtividade, vigor, maturação tecnológica e fenólica. Além disso, a composição fenólica e cromática dos vinhos, provenientes de cada combinação, foram avaliadas por métodos de espectrofotometria. Os resultados revelaram que as plantas Merlot enxertada sobre 101-14 e 3309C apresentaram uma antecipação média de 5 dias em São Joaquim e 3 dias em Urubici, na ocorrência da mudança de cor das bagas, quando comparadas às plantas combinadas com 1103P. Esta antecipação possibilitou um maior acúmulo de soma térmica (GDD) até a data da colheita. Quando enxertada em 3309C e 101-14, a variedade Merlot produziu os menores números de ramos por metro linear de dossel, e em 3309C produziu o maior número de cachos por ramo. Quando enxertada sobre 1103P, produziu o menor número de cachos por ramo, a maior área foliar e o maior teor de clorofila nas folhas. Em Urubici, obteve-se maior produção de carga de frutos em plantas enxertadas sobre 101-14. O aumento da produção esteve relacionado com o aumento das características físicas do cacho. Portaenxertos que induziram baixo vigor, como 3309C e 101-14, adiantaram a maturação tecnológica. O portaenxerto 101-14 esteve relacionado ao maior acúmulo de antocianinas nas uvas e nos vinhos. As características cromáticas relacionadas à cor das antocianinas também foi maior nos vinhos da combinação de Merlot com 101-14