Wireless networks are increasingly interference-limited, which motivates the development of sophisticated interference management techniques. One recently discovered approach is interference alignment, which attains the maximum sum rate scaling (with signal-to-noise ratio) in many network configurations. Interference alignment is not yet well understood from an engineering perspective. Such design considerations include (i) partial rather than complete knowledge of channel state information, (ii) correlated channels, (iii) bursty packet-based network traffic that requires the frequent setup and tear down of sessions, and (iv) the spatial distribution and interaction of transmit/receive pairs. This dissertation aims to establish the benefits and limitations of interference alignment under these four considerations. The first contribution of this dissertation considers an isolated group of transmit/receiver pairs (a cluster) cooperating through interference alignment and derives the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio distribution at each receiver for each stream. This distribution is used to compare interference alignment to beamforming and spatial multiplexing (as examples of common transmission techniques) in terms of sum rate to identify potential switching points between them. This dissertation identifies such switching points and provides design recommendations based on severity of the correlation or the channel state information uncertainty. The second contribution considers transmitters that are not associated with any interference alignment cooperating group but want to use the channel. The goal is to retain the benefits of interference alignment amid interference from the out-of-cluster transmitters. This dissertation shows that when the out-of-cluster transmitters have enough antennas, they can access the channel without changing the performance of the interference alignment receivers. Furthermore, optimum transmit filters maximizing the sum rate of the out-of-cluster transmit/receive pairs are derived. When insufficient antennas exist at the out-of-cluster transmitters, several transmit filters that trade off complexity and sum rate performance are presented. The last contribution, in contrast to the first two, takes into account the impact of large scale fading and the spatial distribution of the transmit/receive pairs on interference alignment by deriving the transmission capacity in a decentralized clustered interference alignment network. Channel state information uncertainty and feedback overhead are considered and the optimum training period is derived. Transmission capacity of interference alignment is compared to spatial multiplexing to highlight the tradeoff between channel estimation accuracy and the inter-cluster interference; the closer the nodes to each other, the higher the channel estimation accuracy and the inter-cluster interference. / text

I den här texten diskuteras förmågan hos elektroakustisk musik att uttrycka sig genom associationer, och frågar ifall musik någonsin kan vara utan en sådan associativ effekt. Detta görs genom luppen av mitt eget arbete, där jag har hämtat inspiration ur mellantillstånd och mellanplatser, liminal spaces, samt genom mitt försök att utarbeta en metod för att arbeta med utommusikaliska referenser som kan informera musikaliska, konstnärliga beslut. Den konstnärliga delen av examensarbetet utgörs av: DEC (2021), K87-89 (2021), Koltrast (2021), samt installationen: Metamorfos (2022). / <p>Alla de bilagor som har "(supercollider-kod)" i sig ska egentligen vara i Supercollider-format ".scd" istället för ".txt". I nuläget är det tyvärr inte möjligt att ladda upp filer i .scd-format till DiVA.</p>

In this dissertation an overview on the real representation of quaternions in distribution theory is given. The density functions of the p-variate and matrix-variate quaternion normal distributions are derived from first principles, while that of the quaternion Wishart distribution is derived from the real associated Wishart distribution via the characteristic function. Applications of this theory in hypothesis testing is presented, and the density function of Wilks's statistic is derived for quaternion Wishart matrices. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Statistics / unrestricted

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21327号 / 理博第4423号 / 新制||理||1635(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 COLLINS,Benoit Vincent Pierre, 教授 泉 正己, 教授 日野 正訓 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

第一章為緒論。 第二章為多變量常態分配、球狀常態分配、威夏特（WISHART） 分配以及最大數化的 基本概念。 第三章為球狀檢定，討論其檢定的不變性、一火偏性以及在Ｈ下的動差和正合（EXAC T）分配，最後以Ｕ─１檢定步驟來驗證球狀檢定。 第四章為一些均勻性變當數方法和球狀聯立檢定，將分別介紹Ｌ□檢定、Ｍ檢定以及 八種球狀聯立檢定之方法。 第五章為主畏成份檢定，將介紹一些最後Ｋ個特徵值相等的檢定方法以及實例分析。 第六章為結論，並說明其進一步研究的方向。

This thesis investigates the modelling and forecasting of multivariate volatility and dependence in financial time series. The first paper proposes a new model for forecasting changes in the term structure (TS) of interest rates. Using the level, slope and curvature factors of the dynamic Nelson-Siegel model, we build a time-varying copula model for the factor dynamics allowing for departure from the normality assumption typically adopted in TS models. To induce relative immunity to structural breaks, we model and forecast the factor changes and not the factor levels. Using US Treasury yields for the period 1986:3-2010:12, our in-sample analysis indicates model stability and we show statistically significant gains due to allowing for a time-varying dependence structure which permits joint extreme factor movements. Our out-of-sample analysis indicates the model's superior ability to forecast the conditional mean in terms of root mean square error reductions and directional forecast accuracy. The forecast gains are stronger during the recent financial crisis. We also conduct out-of-sample model evaluation based on conditional density forecasts. The second paper introduces a new class of multivariate volatility models that utilizes high-frequency data. We discuss the models' dynamics and highlight their differences from multivariate GARCH models. We also discuss their covariance targeting specification and provide closed-form formulas for multi-step forecasts. Estimation and inference strategies are outlined. Empirical results suggest that the HEAVY model outperforms the multivariate GARCH model out-of-sample, with the gains being particularly significant at short forecast horizons. Forecast gains are obtained for both forecast variances and correlations. The third paper introduces a new class of multivariate volatility models which is easy to estimate using covariance targeting. The key idea is to rotate the returns and then fit them using a BEKK model for the conditional covariance with the identity matrix as the covariance target. The extension to DCC type models is given, enriching this class. We focus primarily on diagonal BEKK and DCC models, and a related parameterisation which imposes common persistence on all elements of the conditional covariance matrix. Inference for these models is computationally attractive, and the asymptotics is standard. The techniques are illustrated using recent data on the S&P 500 ETF and some DJIA stocks, including comparisons to the related orthogonal GARCH models.

Cette thèse s'intéresse à des approches factorielles et probabilistes de la covariance qui tient compte d'une connaissance exogène sur les observations. Nous adoptons un modèle qui décompose le signal en une fonction déterministe du temps caractérisant la tendance, et en un terme résiduel. Les méthodes factorielles sont consacrées à l'étude du terme tendanciel. Nous présentons le formalisme général de la covariance relationnelle ainsi que de nouvelles propriétés qui éclairent les interprétations et faisons le lien avec les notions déjà existantes. La covariance relationnelle s'intègre dans l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP), l'analyse factorielle d'opérateurs et l'analyse discriminante d'opérateurs.<br />Nous montrons que l'ACP relationnelle est un cas particulier de l'ACP à noyaux et de l'ACP fonctionnelle, dont nous dressons les schémas de dualité correspondants. L'étude du terme résiduel est menée à l'aide d'approches probabilistes fondées sur la covariance. Dans un premier temps, ce terme est assimilé à un vecteur gaussien et nous introduisons une procédure de classification de matrices de covariance par la distribution de Wishart induite par l'hypothèse de gaussianité. En particulier, l'algorithme EM sur matrices de covariance est proposé. Dans un second temps, on procède à l'analyse fractale du terme résiduel, identifié par une trajectoire d'un processus autosimilaire. L'indice d'autosimilarité est estimé quelque soit l'échantillonnage et nous déterminons dans quelle<br />mesure cette contrainte temporelle influe sur l'estimation. Nous appliquons les concepts présentés à l'analyse du mouvement : corpus<br />de mouvements de danse contemporaine (méthodes factorielles et classification par Wishart), et données de biologie marine (segmentation par analyse fractale).

This thesis addresses spatial interpolation and temporal prediction using air pollution data by several space-time modelling approaches. Firstly, we implement the dynamic linear modelling (DLM) approach in spatial interpolation and find various potential problems with that approach. We develop software to implement our approach. Secondly, we implement a Bayesian spatial prediction (BSP) approach to model spatio-temporal ground-level ozone fields and compare the accuracy of that approach with that of the DLM. Thirdly, we develop a Bayesian version empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method to incorporate the uncertainties due to temporally varying spatial process, and the spatial variations at broad- and fine- scale. Finally, we extend the BSP into the DLM framework to develop a unified Bayesian spatio-temporal model for univariate and multivariate responses. The result generalizes a number of current approaches in this field.

This thesis addresses spatial interpolation and temporal prediction using air pollution data by several space-time modelling approaches. Firstly, we implement the dynamic linear modelling (DLM) approach in spatial interpolation and find various potential problems with that approach. We develop software to implement our approach. Secondly, we implement a Bayesian spatial prediction (BSP) approach to model spatio-temporal ground-level ozone fields and compare the accuracy of that approach with that of the DLM. Thirdly, we develop a Bayesian version empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method to incorporate the uncertainties due to temporally varying spatial process, and the spatial variations at broad- and fine- scale. Finally, we extend the BSP into the DLM framework to develop a unified Bayesian spatio-temporal model for univariate and multivariate responses. The result generalizes a number of current approaches in this field.