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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Factors influencing utilization and adherence to Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS services in Rivers State, Nigeria

Jumare, Fadila 21 February 2020 (has links)
Effectiveness of services for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) depends on viable and efficient health systems, adherence to and utilization of services. Despite strategies to provide access to PMTCT of HIV services, utilization of these services remain low in Nigeria thereby increasing child morbidity and mortality from HIV-related causes. Adherence to comprehensive HIV/AIDS care, for both the mother and baby, remain a challenge for HIV positive women. Utilizing the Health Belief Model and Social Support Theory, this qualitative study explores factors influencing utilization and adherence to PMTCT services by mothers living with HIV/AIDS in Rivers State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling procedures were used to select 40 study participants including 20 HIV positive mothers and 20 health care workers as key informants. Findings indicate that high self-perceived susceptibility to HIV influences utilization and adherence to PMTCT services among mothers living with HIV and AIDS in Rivers State. Although utilization and adherence to PMTCT were reported very high among this population, there were however challenges and barriers to optimal utilization of PMTCT. These include unavailability of test kits, antiretroviral medication stock-outs, and inadequate human resources for health. High transport, PMTCT and antenatal care costs were identified as the major socio-economic barriers to PMTCT administration as well as the high financial burden of formula feeding for women that preferred exclusive formula feeding. In addition to increased numbers of health care workers trained in PMTCT service delivery, recommendations for a public health approach to service delivery and a streamlined primary care strategy are proposed. These include social and community activities to address HIV/AIDS stigma, improving awareness of PMTCT facts, addressing gender relations and encouraging male participation. Inter-ministerial collaborations and targeted partnerships are also recommended for expanding coverage and ensuring optimal utilization of PMTCT services.
2

Sexual and Reproductive Decisions and Experiences of Women Living With HIV/AIDS in Abuja, Nigeria

Iwuagwu, Stella C 07 September 2009 (has links)
Over 60% of those living with HIV/AIDS are women, the majority of them in their sexual and reproductive years (UNAIDS, 2006). With antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, most of them are living longer and healthier to engage in sexual and reproductive activities (WHO, 2006). This study explored the sexual and reproductive decisions and experiences of women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) in Abuja, Nigeria. Only those who became pregnant and had a child after being diagnosed with HIV participated in the study. The study was an interview based qualitative research. The design of the interview guide was informed by the PEN-3 Model (Airhihenbuwa, 1995). A combination of purposive and snowball sampling technique was used to select 17 WLWHA aged between 26 and 41. Most of them had limited education, only the 3 of them with post secondary education had professional jobs; the rest are either housewives or petty traders. Most of the women had reduced sexual desire but felt compelled to acquiesce to their husband’s sexual demands out of cultural and religious sense of duty, fear that he would have sex outside marriage and/or beat them. While a few used condoms, most either did not use condom or used it inconsistently. Condoms were used mainly to prevent re-infection with another strain of HIV or to prevent infecting a negative partner. Reason for non use of condom includes reduced sexual pleasure with condoms, belief that condoms are used not for wives and that being on ARV precludes the need to use condom. Often, condom negotiation leads to violence. Most of the women still wanted more children and did not use contraceptives. Among the few who used contraceptives, condoms, hormone injections, intrauterine device (IUD) and tubal ligation are their methods of choice. The women chose to have babies to secure their marriage, fulfill maternal instinct and to “leave something behind”. Their decisions were informed by the belief that ARV would keep them alive, while Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMCTC) programs would prevent infection to their babies. To conceive, they had unprotected sex during ovulation. Two serodiscordant couples used syringes to inseminate. Most of them had experienced obstetric challenges including infertility, miscarriages, preterm births, and infant deaths. Most of the women bottle-fed to prevent infecting their babies, however they were under tremendous pressure to breastfeed due to the cultural value attached to breastfeeding. Women living with HIV/AIDS in Abuja Nigeria, had unmet sexual and reproductive health needs. Their sexual and reproductive decisions were influenced by their individual circumstances, including their level of education, poverty, cultural and family influences, partner’s HIV status, stigma and discrimination, and access to PMTCT and ARV programs. To meet the sexual and reproductive health needs of WLWHA, program planners and policy makers should take these factors into consideration and ensure that programs are comprehensive and integrated.
3

E "fazer tudo direitinho" : cuidados e enfrentamentos nas políticas de sáude em resposta HIV/AIDS e mulheres

Pires, Patrícia Vitória January 2016 (has links)
A dissertação inscreve-se nos campos dos Estudos de Gênero e dos Estudos Culturais pós-estruturalistas, em interface com a Saúde Coletiva. Nela, problematizo a feminização do HIV/aids no Rio Grande do Sul, tomando como foco o enfrentamento da doença em mulheres grávidas, e considerando o que está disposto nos textos normativos do Plano Integrado de Enfrentamento da Feminização da Epidemia de Aids e outras DST (BRASIL, 2009), da Linha de Cuidado para PVHA e outras DST do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (2014a) e em alguns de seus desdobramentos. Os documentos foram examinados na perspectiva da análise cultural; para realizá-la, construí um jeito de olhar e de fazer, operando com alguns conceitos como ferramentas analíticas, entre eles: gênero, cultura, linguagem, educação, além de uma redefinição do termo vigilância epidemiológica. Por meio da realização de um exercício intensivo de multiplicação de sentidos dos termos centrais que nomeiam os dois principais documentos – cuidado e enfrentamento –, construí duas unidades analíticas: mulheres, gravidez e cuidados; e a feminização do HIV/aids e seus enfrentamentos. Através da descrição e análise das posições de sujeito corpo grávido e mãe responsável, foi possível problematizar os modos como a feminização do HIV/aids tem sido pautada nos programas de enfrentamento, quando se trata de mulheres grávidas, destacando-se aí os investimentos das biopolíticas sobre os corpos e a vida das mulheres, que incidem nas formas de cuidar, de enfrentar e de ser mulher em tempos de HIV/aids. / This dissertation is inserted in the fields of Gender Studies and post-structuralist Cultural Studies, approaching Public Health. It address the feminization of HIV/AIDS in Rio Grande do Sul, especially how pregnant women cope with the disease, considering what is provided in the normative texts in the Integrated Plan to Combat the Feminization of AIDS Epidemic and other STDs (BRASIL, 2009), in the Care Guidelines for PLWHA and other STDs of Rio Grande do Sul (2014a) and in some of its consequences. The documents were analyzed from the perspective of cultural analysis, through the conception of a way of looking and doing, considering some concepts as analytical tools, including gender: culture, language, education, and a redefinition of the term epidemiological surveillance. By conducting an intensive exercise of multiplying the meanings of central terms that name the two main documents - care and combat -, two analytical units were established: women, pregnancy and care; and the feminization of HIV/AIDS and how to combat it. Through the description and analysis from the positions of the subjects pregnant body and responsible mother, it was possible to discuss the ways how the feminization of HIV/AIDS has been addressed in the prevention programs of HIV infection, when it comes to pregnant women, highlighting the investments in biopolitics concerning the bodies and lives of women, that focus on ways of protecting, coping with and being a woman in HIV/AIDS times.
4

E "fazer tudo direitinho" : cuidados e enfrentamentos nas políticas de sáude em resposta HIV/AIDS e mulheres

Pires, Patrícia Vitória January 2016 (has links)
A dissertação inscreve-se nos campos dos Estudos de Gênero e dos Estudos Culturais pós-estruturalistas, em interface com a Saúde Coletiva. Nela, problematizo a feminização do HIV/aids no Rio Grande do Sul, tomando como foco o enfrentamento da doença em mulheres grávidas, e considerando o que está disposto nos textos normativos do Plano Integrado de Enfrentamento da Feminização da Epidemia de Aids e outras DST (BRASIL, 2009), da Linha de Cuidado para PVHA e outras DST do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (2014a) e em alguns de seus desdobramentos. Os documentos foram examinados na perspectiva da análise cultural; para realizá-la, construí um jeito de olhar e de fazer, operando com alguns conceitos como ferramentas analíticas, entre eles: gênero, cultura, linguagem, educação, além de uma redefinição do termo vigilância epidemiológica. Por meio da realização de um exercício intensivo de multiplicação de sentidos dos termos centrais que nomeiam os dois principais documentos – cuidado e enfrentamento –, construí duas unidades analíticas: mulheres, gravidez e cuidados; e a feminização do HIV/aids e seus enfrentamentos. Através da descrição e análise das posições de sujeito corpo grávido e mãe responsável, foi possível problematizar os modos como a feminização do HIV/aids tem sido pautada nos programas de enfrentamento, quando se trata de mulheres grávidas, destacando-se aí os investimentos das biopolíticas sobre os corpos e a vida das mulheres, que incidem nas formas de cuidar, de enfrentar e de ser mulher em tempos de HIV/aids. / This dissertation is inserted in the fields of Gender Studies and post-structuralist Cultural Studies, approaching Public Health. It address the feminization of HIV/AIDS in Rio Grande do Sul, especially how pregnant women cope with the disease, considering what is provided in the normative texts in the Integrated Plan to Combat the Feminization of AIDS Epidemic and other STDs (BRASIL, 2009), in the Care Guidelines for PLWHA and other STDs of Rio Grande do Sul (2014a) and in some of its consequences. The documents were analyzed from the perspective of cultural analysis, through the conception of a way of looking and doing, considering some concepts as analytical tools, including gender: culture, language, education, and a redefinition of the term epidemiological surveillance. By conducting an intensive exercise of multiplying the meanings of central terms that name the two main documents - care and combat -, two analytical units were established: women, pregnancy and care; and the feminization of HIV/AIDS and how to combat it. Through the description and analysis from the positions of the subjects pregnant body and responsible mother, it was possible to discuss the ways how the feminization of HIV/AIDS has been addressed in the prevention programs of HIV infection, when it comes to pregnant women, highlighting the investments in biopolitics concerning the bodies and lives of women, that focus on ways of protecting, coping with and being a woman in HIV/AIDS times.
5

E "fazer tudo direitinho" : cuidados e enfrentamentos nas políticas de sáude em resposta HIV/AIDS e mulheres

Pires, Patrícia Vitória January 2016 (has links)
A dissertação inscreve-se nos campos dos Estudos de Gênero e dos Estudos Culturais pós-estruturalistas, em interface com a Saúde Coletiva. Nela, problematizo a feminização do HIV/aids no Rio Grande do Sul, tomando como foco o enfrentamento da doença em mulheres grávidas, e considerando o que está disposto nos textos normativos do Plano Integrado de Enfrentamento da Feminização da Epidemia de Aids e outras DST (BRASIL, 2009), da Linha de Cuidado para PVHA e outras DST do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (2014a) e em alguns de seus desdobramentos. Os documentos foram examinados na perspectiva da análise cultural; para realizá-la, construí um jeito de olhar e de fazer, operando com alguns conceitos como ferramentas analíticas, entre eles: gênero, cultura, linguagem, educação, além de uma redefinição do termo vigilância epidemiológica. Por meio da realização de um exercício intensivo de multiplicação de sentidos dos termos centrais que nomeiam os dois principais documentos – cuidado e enfrentamento –, construí duas unidades analíticas: mulheres, gravidez e cuidados; e a feminização do HIV/aids e seus enfrentamentos. Através da descrição e análise das posições de sujeito corpo grávido e mãe responsável, foi possível problematizar os modos como a feminização do HIV/aids tem sido pautada nos programas de enfrentamento, quando se trata de mulheres grávidas, destacando-se aí os investimentos das biopolíticas sobre os corpos e a vida das mulheres, que incidem nas formas de cuidar, de enfrentar e de ser mulher em tempos de HIV/aids. / This dissertation is inserted in the fields of Gender Studies and post-structuralist Cultural Studies, approaching Public Health. It address the feminization of HIV/AIDS in Rio Grande do Sul, especially how pregnant women cope with the disease, considering what is provided in the normative texts in the Integrated Plan to Combat the Feminization of AIDS Epidemic and other STDs (BRASIL, 2009), in the Care Guidelines for PLWHA and other STDs of Rio Grande do Sul (2014a) and in some of its consequences. The documents were analyzed from the perspective of cultural analysis, through the conception of a way of looking and doing, considering some concepts as analytical tools, including gender: culture, language, education, and a redefinition of the term epidemiological surveillance. By conducting an intensive exercise of multiplying the meanings of central terms that name the two main documents - care and combat -, two analytical units were established: women, pregnancy and care; and the feminization of HIV/AIDS and how to combat it. Through the description and analysis from the positions of the subjects pregnant body and responsible mother, it was possible to discuss the ways how the feminization of HIV/AIDS has been addressed in the prevention programs of HIV infection, when it comes to pregnant women, highlighting the investments in biopolitics concerning the bodies and lives of women, that focus on ways of protecting, coping with and being a woman in HIV/AIDS times.
6

Transmissão vertical do HIV no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: a perspectiva das mulheres / Vertical transmission of HIV in São Paulo, Brazil: the perspective of women

Sandra Regina de Souza 13 September 2011 (has links)
Introdução: O cenário da epidemia da AIDS vem se modificando no Brasil e no mundo e o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS vem sofrendo sucessivas alterações desde a década de 80. Embora os homens representem em números absolutos, o maior número de notificações do total de casos de AIDS, a velocidade de crescimento da epidemia é maior entre as mulheres. O Brasil tem uma resposta à epidemia de DST/AIDS reconhecida internacionalmente, baseada nos princípios do SUS à universalidade, à equidade e à integralidade na assistência. Um dos capítulos desta resposta é a prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV. O tema que vem ganhando importância na medida em que a AIDS recebe status de doença crônica e as mulheres soropositivas podem fazer as suas escolhas reprodutivas. A prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV contempla testagem para diagnóstico precoce, terapia antirretroviral durante a gravidez e o parto, terapia antirretroviral para o recém-nascido e a não amamentação. Objetivo- Conhecer como as ações de prevenção e controle da transmissão vertical do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana são percebidas pelas gestantes e puérperas atendidas pelo Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS, e sua satisfação, ou insatisfação, em relação à assistência recebida. Método- Nossa amostra foi composta por 14 mulheres, sendo 13 soropositivas para o HIV que engravidaram e tiveram pelo menos um filho no contexto da soropositividade e uma, soronegativa para o HIV e mãe adotiva de uma criança soropositiva. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com base em entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, realizadas em 2010. Resultados - Não houve aconselhamento para a testagem de nenhuma mulher da amostra. As mulheres apresentaram, no geral, uma falta de identificação com o perfil de pessoas que podem se infectar com o HIV, sendo surpreendidas com o diagnóstico. Oito pais apresentaram status sorológico desconhecido, sendo que três negaram-se à testagem. Há dificuldades por parte das mulheres, para promoverem relações sexuais protegidas com o uso do preservativo masculino. Os efeitos adversos dos antirretrovirais são descritos como obstáculo importante à adesão ao tratamento. O alojamento conjunto foi o cenário das piores vivências dentre toda a assistência recebida, destaque dado ao tema aleitamento materno. Há uma lacuna entre as demandas das mulheres em produzir e relatar as suas narrativas e a inexistência de espaços de escuta, seja individualmente na relação com o profissional médico, seja em grupos. Conclusões - A ausência do aconselhamento como espaço de abordagem e esclarecimentos, informações e escolhas, dificulta uma ação mais oportuna para a redução da transmissão vertical do HIV. As mulheres comuns não são atingidas pelas informações sobre HIV/AIDS oferecidas pelas campanhas para prevenção da infecção. O uso do preservativo para evitar a infecção ainda é uma decisão masculina. As mulheres raramente encontram interlocução entre os profissionais, para tirarem suas dúvidas e planejarem sua vida reprodutiva de forma mais segura. Apesar da falta de discussão sobre o planejamento terapêutico, a via de parto e os cuidados com o bebê, as mulheres seguem a prescrição e seguem com seus medos e suas dúvidas / Introduction: The scenario of the AIDS epidemic has been changing in Brazil and worldwide, and epidemiological profile of people living with HIV / AIDS has undergone successive changes since the 80\'s. Although men represent in absolute numbers, the highest number of notifications of all cases of AIDS, the epidemic growth rate is higher among women. Brazil has a response to the epidemic of STD / AIDS internationally recognized principles of the SUS: universality, equity and integrity in service. One of the elements of this response is the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. The theme that is gaining importance, as AIDS gets the status of chronic disease and HIV positive women can make their own reproductive choices. The prevention of vertical transmission of HIV includes testing for early diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and delivery, antiretroviral therapy for the newborn and not breastfeeding. Objective -To study how the prevention and control of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are perceived by pregnant women and new mothers assisted by the State Program of STD / AIDS, and their satisfaction or dissatisfaction in relation to care received. Methods -Our sample consisted of 14 women, 13 HIV-positive pregnant and who had at least one child in the context of being HIV positive and one was seronegative for HIV and an adoptive mother of an HIV positive child. To collect data we used the qualitative methodology, based on individual interviews, semi-structured, conducted in 2010. Results - There was no counseling for the testing of any women in the sample. Women had, overall, a lack of identification with the profile of people who can become infected with HIV, being surprised by the diagnosis. Eight male partners had unknown HIV status, and three refused to be tested. There are difficulties, for women, to promote safe sex with condom use. Adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs are described as barrier to treatment adherence. Rooming-in was the scene of the worst experiences among all the care received, highlighting the theme of breastfeeding. There is a gap between women\'s demands to produce and report their stories and the lack of opportunities to listen, either individually in relation to the medical professional, either in groups. Conclusions - The lack of counseling as a space for dialogue and explanations, information and choices, hampers a more timely action to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. The \"ordinary\" women are not affected by information about HIV / AIDS provided by the campaigns to prevent infection. The use of condoms to prevent infection is still a male decision. Women are rarely have the opportunity to with professionals, to expose their questions and plan their reproductive lives more safely. In this setting of lack ofparticipation on treatment planning, delivery or baby care, women follow the \"prescription\" and move on with their fears and doubts
7

Transmissão vertical do HIV no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: a perspectiva das mulheres / Vertical transmission of HIV in São Paulo, Brazil: the perspective of women

Souza, Sandra Regina de 13 September 2011 (has links)
Introdução: O cenário da epidemia da AIDS vem se modificando no Brasil e no mundo e o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS vem sofrendo sucessivas alterações desde a década de 80. Embora os homens representem em números absolutos, o maior número de notificações do total de casos de AIDS, a velocidade de crescimento da epidemia é maior entre as mulheres. O Brasil tem uma resposta à epidemia de DST/AIDS reconhecida internacionalmente, baseada nos princípios do SUS à universalidade, à equidade e à integralidade na assistência. Um dos capítulos desta resposta é a prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV. O tema que vem ganhando importância na medida em que a AIDS recebe status de doença crônica e as mulheres soropositivas podem fazer as suas escolhas reprodutivas. A prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV contempla testagem para diagnóstico precoce, terapia antirretroviral durante a gravidez e o parto, terapia antirretroviral para o recém-nascido e a não amamentação. Objetivo- Conhecer como as ações de prevenção e controle da transmissão vertical do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana são percebidas pelas gestantes e puérperas atendidas pelo Programa Estadual de DST/AIDS, e sua satisfação, ou insatisfação, em relação à assistência recebida. Método- Nossa amostra foi composta por 14 mulheres, sendo 13 soropositivas para o HIV que engravidaram e tiveram pelo menos um filho no contexto da soropositividade e uma, soronegativa para o HIV e mãe adotiva de uma criança soropositiva. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, com base em entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, realizadas em 2010. Resultados - Não houve aconselhamento para a testagem de nenhuma mulher da amostra. As mulheres apresentaram, no geral, uma falta de identificação com o perfil de pessoas que podem se infectar com o HIV, sendo surpreendidas com o diagnóstico. Oito pais apresentaram status sorológico desconhecido, sendo que três negaram-se à testagem. Há dificuldades por parte das mulheres, para promoverem relações sexuais protegidas com o uso do preservativo masculino. Os efeitos adversos dos antirretrovirais são descritos como obstáculo importante à adesão ao tratamento. O alojamento conjunto foi o cenário das piores vivências dentre toda a assistência recebida, destaque dado ao tema aleitamento materno. Há uma lacuna entre as demandas das mulheres em produzir e relatar as suas narrativas e a inexistência de espaços de escuta, seja individualmente na relação com o profissional médico, seja em grupos. Conclusões - A ausência do aconselhamento como espaço de abordagem e esclarecimentos, informações e escolhas, dificulta uma ação mais oportuna para a redução da transmissão vertical do HIV. As mulheres comuns não são atingidas pelas informações sobre HIV/AIDS oferecidas pelas campanhas para prevenção da infecção. O uso do preservativo para evitar a infecção ainda é uma decisão masculina. As mulheres raramente encontram interlocução entre os profissionais, para tirarem suas dúvidas e planejarem sua vida reprodutiva de forma mais segura. Apesar da falta de discussão sobre o planejamento terapêutico, a via de parto e os cuidados com o bebê, as mulheres seguem a prescrição e seguem com seus medos e suas dúvidas / Introduction: The scenario of the AIDS epidemic has been changing in Brazil and worldwide, and epidemiological profile of people living with HIV / AIDS has undergone successive changes since the 80\'s. Although men represent in absolute numbers, the highest number of notifications of all cases of AIDS, the epidemic growth rate is higher among women. Brazil has a response to the epidemic of STD / AIDS internationally recognized principles of the SUS: universality, equity and integrity in service. One of the elements of this response is the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. The theme that is gaining importance, as AIDS gets the status of chronic disease and HIV positive women can make their own reproductive choices. The prevention of vertical transmission of HIV includes testing for early diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and delivery, antiretroviral therapy for the newborn and not breastfeeding. Objective -To study how the prevention and control of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are perceived by pregnant women and new mothers assisted by the State Program of STD / AIDS, and their satisfaction or dissatisfaction in relation to care received. Methods -Our sample consisted of 14 women, 13 HIV-positive pregnant and who had at least one child in the context of being HIV positive and one was seronegative for HIV and an adoptive mother of an HIV positive child. To collect data we used the qualitative methodology, based on individual interviews, semi-structured, conducted in 2010. Results - There was no counseling for the testing of any women in the sample. Women had, overall, a lack of identification with the profile of people who can become infected with HIV, being surprised by the diagnosis. Eight male partners had unknown HIV status, and three refused to be tested. There are difficulties, for women, to promote safe sex with condom use. Adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs are described as barrier to treatment adherence. Rooming-in was the scene of the worst experiences among all the care received, highlighting the theme of breastfeeding. There is a gap between women\'s demands to produce and report their stories and the lack of opportunities to listen, either individually in relation to the medical professional, either in groups. Conclusions - The lack of counseling as a space for dialogue and explanations, information and choices, hampers a more timely action to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. The \"ordinary\" women are not affected by information about HIV / AIDS provided by the campaigns to prevent infection. The use of condoms to prevent infection is still a male decision. Women are rarely have the opportunity to with professionals, to expose their questions and plan their reproductive lives more safely. In this setting of lack ofparticipation on treatment planning, delivery or baby care, women follow the \"prescription\" and move on with their fears and doubts
8

HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma and Discrimination Toward Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu, Nigeria

Nnajiofor, Chinyere Fidelia 01 January 2016 (has links)
HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination (S&D), lack of social support, poverty, and gender inequalities have been identified as factors in the increased prevalence rate of HIV transmission in Enugu, Nigeria, especially among women ages 15 to 49 years. Despite the funding of reduction programs, HIV/AIDS-related S&D remain a major driving force in the increased rate of new HIV cases in Enugu. This study addressed a perceived need for behavioral change intervention approaches that span all societal factors to reduce the HIV infection rate in Enugu Nigeria. The study was guided by Goffman's (1963) social S&D theory. The sample was composed of 132 women living with HIV/AIDS WLWHA ages 21 to 54 years, purposefully sampled from the 4 HIV and AIDS comprehensive initiatives care centers in Enugu, Nigeria. Fifteen WLWHA were interviewed and 114 participated in an online survey. The descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression analysis and comparison revealed a convergent significant relationship between the S&D determinants (social, political, psychological, environmental, and cultural) and HIV/AIDS-related S&D towards WLWHA in Enugu F (4,109) = 45.09, p

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