Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1988. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Background: Obesity-associated metabolic complications display sexual dimorphism and can be impacted by cytokines. We previously showed that interleukin-10 (IL-10) was upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether this pertains to men is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of obesity and T2D on WAT IL- 10 levels in men versus women. Methods: Plasma and subcutaneous WAT biopsies were obtained from 108 metabolically well-characterized individuals. WAT IL10 expression/secretion and WAT-resident IL-10-secreting macrophage number were measured. Circulating sex hormone levels were correlated toWAT IL10 expression in 22 individuals and sex hormone effects on macrophage IL10 expression were investigated in vitro. Results: Obese women with T2D showed increased IL10 expression/secretion and IL-10-secreting WAT macrophage number compared to other female groups. This difference was absent in men. Non-obese women and men with T2D showed similar IL-10 levels compared to healthy controls, indicating that T2D alone does not regulate IL-10. Although WAT IL10 expression correlated with serum estrone (E1) concentrations, recombinant E1 did not affect macrophage IL10 expression in vitro. Conclusion: WAT IL-10 levels are higher in women with obesity and T2D, but not in men and this effect is primarily attributed to obesity per se. This is less likely to be driven by circulating sex hormones. We propose that the WAT IL-10 might exert protective effects in obesity-associated chronic inflammation in women which could be one of the contributing factors for the decreased morbidity observed in women during obesity than men.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: Maxwell B. Stinchcombe and R. Preston McAfee. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Purpose: The objective of the submitted work is to map the up till now less examined area of masturbation behaviour and masturbation fantasies of Czech population. Another objective is to examine relations between certain aspects of masturbation and sexual behaviour in general. Methods: The data was collected through two questionnaires designed for this purpose. The questionnaires were posted on the internet; links to these web pages were spread by e-mails, social networks and links on other web pages. Data was processed in Excel programme and statistical programme SPSS. Research sample consisted of 1339 women and 1186 men, who completed the whole questionnaire. Results: 94.1% of women and 99,7% of men have an experience with masturbation. The average age of the first masturbation is 13 years for women and less than 12 year for men. Men began with masturbation by the age of 25 at the latest, while for women the age of their first experience with onanism ranged between their birth till the age of 60. Masturbation frequency is higher for men than for women and the difference is statistically significant. Masturbation frequency for both sexes negatively correlates with age, meaning that older research participants masturbate less than the younger ones. Both women and men reach orgasm easier through...

Datum: 29 maj 2023 Nivå: Magisteruppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens universitet Författare:   Sara Alhaj Khalifa     Danijella Matic     (1999/04/24)    (2000/05/10) Titel: Jämförelse av genusperspektivens legitimitet i redovisnings- och revisionsbranschen - En kvalitativ studie med fokus på kvinnans kompetens och maktskillnader Handledare: Dariusz Osowski  Nyckelord: Kompetens, maktskillnader, legitimitet, kön (kvinnor/ män), redovisning, revision & kvotering  Frågeställningar:  Vilket inflytande har kompetens och maktskillnader på kvinnan i förhållande till hierarkiska uppgångar i karriären inom redovisnings- och revisionsbranschen?Vilka orsaker förklaras ligga till grund för kvinnans svårighet till en hierarkisk karriäruppgång? Vilka konsekvenser och påföljder kan upprättas utifall kvinnor inte kan nå ledande positioner i redovisning- och revisionsbranschen? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka genusperspektiv, med kvinnans roll som utgångspunkt. Studien kommer dessutom att fokusera på legitimitetsfrågor med fokus på kompetens och maktskillnaders inflytande, för att studera kvinnors hinder, möjligheter och konsekvenser för att nå ledarpositioner inom redovisnings- och revisionsbranschen.       Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metodik med en abduktiv ansats. Den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden har insamlat primärdata genom semistrukturerade intervjuer.   Slutsats: Studien påvisar utifrån redovisning- och revisionsbranschen att kompetens har ett positivt inflytande inom båda professionerna, samtidigt utgör maktskillnader större inflytande inom revisionsbranschen, medan redovisningsbranschen samtidigt påvisades ha större utrymme för kvinnor att nå hierarkisk framgång. Studien påvisar även påföljder i form av förlorad dynamik och kvotering, som dock kan medföra både minskad kompetens på arbetsplatsen samt avsättning av kvinnan alternativt en värdeminskning av kvinnans kompetenser. Slutligen anses moderskap som är en biologisk faktor vara en av de främsta anledningarna till svårigheter för kvinnans hierarkiska uppgång, följaktligen är den andra betonade svårigheten att organisationer influeras av tidigare normer och föråldrade organisationskulturer. / Date: 29th May 2023 Level: Master thesis in business administration, 15 cr Institution: Academy of Economics, Society and Technology, Mälardalen University Authors:   Sara Alhaj Khalifa     Danijella Matic     (1999/04/24)    (2000/05/10) Title: Comparison of the legitimacy of the gender perspective in the accounting and auditing industry - A qualitative study with a focus on women's competence and power differences Supervisor: Dariusz Osowski  Keywords: Competence, power differences, legitimacy, gender (women/men), accounting, auditing & affirmative action Research questions:  What influence does competence and power differences have on women in relation to hierarchical career advancement in the accounting and auditing industry?What reasons are explained to be the basis for the woman's difficulty in a hierarchical career rise? What consequences and penalties can be established if women cannot reach leading positions in the accounting and auditing industry? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate gender perspectives, with the role of women as a starting point. In addition, the study will focus on legitimacy issues with a focus on competence and the influence of power differentials, to study the obstacles, opportunities and consequences for women to reach leadership positions in the accounting and auditing industry.  Method: The study is based on a qualitative methodology with an abductive approach. The qualitative research method has collected primary data through semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: Based on the accounting and auditing industry, the study demonstrates that competence tends to have a positive influence within both professions, at the same time power differences constitute greater influence within the auditing industry, while the accounting industry was also shown to have larger extent for women to achieve hierarchical success. The study also shows penalties in the form of lost dynamism and affirmative action, which, however, can lead to both reduced competence in the workplace and dismissal of the woman, alternatively a reduction in the value of the woman's competences. Finally, motherhood which is a biological factor is considered to be one of the main reasons for difficulty in women's hierarch65ical rise, hence the second difficulty emphasized is that organizations are influenced by past norms and outdated organizational culture.

Lena C. Steinjahns verfasste einen theologisch-religionswissenschaftlichen Beitrag zu „Mächtige Männer – ohnmächtige Frauen? Machtkonzeption und Geschlecht in den spätantiken Texten zur Diakonin Olympias von Konstantinopel“. Der Aufsatz bietet eine geschlechtersensible Lesart von spätantiken Texten über die byzantinische Diakonin, Ordensstifterin und Äbtissin Olympias, ihre Vita und Legende. Ausgehend vom Machtkonzept Foucaults, werden einerseits die Zusammenhänge zwischen Machtverhältnissen, Machtvoraussetzungen und unkonventionellen weiblichen Handlungs- und Gestaltungspotenzialen von Olympias als historischer Person analysiert. Andererseits wird die jeweilige auktoriale Deutungsmacht der Texte in den Blick genommen. Auf diese Weise werden die textuellen Konstruktionen, Erzähl- und Deutungsschemata transparent, mit denen die einzelnen Verfasser ihr meist hagiographisches Olympias-Bild legendial modellieren und strategisch zur Sicherung tradierter patriarchaler Geschlechterrollen und -stereotype verwenden.

Orientador: Marcos Aparecido Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-10T14:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ma_Lin_M.pdf: 1239507 bytes, checksum: 7038a8b55bc3d5b1c5c607eec480af10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A presente dissertação analisa o processo de construção literária da formação da mulher-protagonista apresentado no sexto romance de Clarice Lispector, Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres. Este processo da formação e essencialização de mulheres-protagonistas na obra clariciana começa já em seu primeiro romance, Perto do coração selvagem e se estende para obras posteriores, com a promessa da realização pessoal da protagonista e satisfação dos anseios e expectativas. No caso do romance em estudo, esse processo de formação é acompanhado pelo desenvolvimento de um relacionamento homem/mulher. A dissertação divide-se em três partes. Primeira, uma breve apresentação do geral do livro. Segundo, uma discussão focalizando a formação da mulher pela aprendizagem na sociedade patriarcal. Terceira, uma discussão enfatizando a formação da mulher dentro de um relacionamento homem/mulher. Dessa forma, compreende-se a nova tentativa da autora na escrita feminina e a importância do livro dentro do conjunto da obra clariciana / Abstract: The present dissertation analyzes the literary construction of the process of the female protagonist¿s formation presented in the sixth novel by Clarice Lispector, Apprenticeship or The Book of Pleasures. This process of formation and essentialization of female protagonists in Clarice¿s novels begins already in the first one, Near to the Wild Heart, then extends to her later works, with the promise of the protagonist¿s personal fulfillment and satisfaction of the desires and expectations. In the case of the novel under study, the process is accompanied by the development of a man/woman relationship. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, a brief presentation of the general of the book. Second, a discussion focusing on the formation of women in patriarchal society through apprenticeship. Third, a discussion emphasizing the formation of the woman in a man/woman relationship. Thus, it is understood the new attempt of the author in women's writing and the importance of the book within all the novels of Clarice Lispector / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

Introductions: The research deals with the attachment theory at women and min with substance use disorder in an aftercare programme. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part explains the concept of attachment, describes its theoretical foundations, the connections between attachment and addiction, the possibilities of therapeutic work with attachment, its application in work with people with addiction, gender differences and the specifications of aftercare programmes. The practical part is base on qualitatively oriented research. The research was conducted on interviews with ten respondents, five women (set A) and five men (set B). All respondents are people with SUD, currently abstinents, after addiction treatment, participating in an aftercare programme. Aim: The aim of the research was to compare the differences and similarities at men and women with addiction disorder in their attachment, partnerships and family relationships and the subsequent implications of the results for practical use. Methods: Two semi-structured clinical interviews, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Current Relationship Interview (CRI), were used for the data generation. AAI is focused on childhood and early relationships between the respondent and his parents, CRI is focused on...

Native potatoes are an important element of food security both as a direct food source and as a cash crop for peasant producers in the Andes of Peru. Production is basically for self-consumption and the shift to commercialization is a challenge. As a response, the Papa Andina Initiative (COGEPAN) was initiated to promote market innovation and pro-vide relative advantage to producers to respond to emerging markets. Research is limited on the integration, information and communication in relation to social relations. Old and new nonreciprocal relations and roles among stakeholders, consequences of customary practices, undermine the ability of female peasant producers. Any process requires an un-derstanding of culture, traditions and the gendered practices of agricultural production. As the research was premised on a feminist perspective, a sequential explanatory and mixed design was utilized for obtaining background and contextual data in a way that coupled collecting sex-disaggregated data with iterative planning activities readjusting the research to sharpen its focus on women. The situation of Andean peasant women within modern-day agricultural innovation systems is influenced by traditions and cus-tomary laws embedded in the specific lifeworlds of peasant communities. In COGEPAN, gender relations and roles are changing from the macro to the individual levels. Each change opens up new opportunities to shape innovation and benefit women. The partici-patory nature of market chains unfolds spaces for women to reveal leadership abilities. Gender relations and innovation have shifted in their own areas of interest or spheres. However, other gender issues are still embedded in peasant farming systems and the na-tive market chain. Results allow the researcher to recommend further policy analysis. The full range of women’s and men’s activities, resources, and benefits has to be reflected in the assessment of the innovation system and continuing activities. Gendered socio-economic factors affecting the adoption of proposed technological or institutional innova-tions need to be considered. Structural obstacles have to be addressed by implementing policies that facilitate peasant women’s advancement. The design and implementation of policy and legislation have to acknowledge that communities are not homogeneous and mechanisms have to be context-specific to achieve equitable representation of women and men. / Government of Ontario, IDRC/AUCC - LACREG, University of Guelph