Orientador: Maria Coleta Ferreira Albino de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T04:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chaves_MariadeFatimaGuedes_D.pdf: 734322 bytes, checksum: df74a9e9f7fa55da075411e30eb93744 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Baseado nas informações do Censo Demográfico de 1991, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar algumas das especificidades da migração interna feminina no Brasil nos anos 1980. Apresenta um panorama detalhado dos deslocamentos femininos, por modalidade migratória para todas as Unidades da Federação, especialmente para aquelas que possuem áreas metropolitanas. As informações censitárias possibilitaram a construção de variáveis explicativas dos deslocamentos por estado conjugal e segundo a posição na família, no momento da migração, permitindo uma aproximação quanto ao grau de autonomia, dependência ou associação da migração feminina. Essa análise mais específica foi realizada para três Unidades da Federação: Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Os resultados revelam a grande potencialidade das informações censitárias, em especial daquelas sobre nupcialidade, contidas no censo de 1991, para aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre o tema e realçam a importância e características dos deslocamentos de mulheres, nem sempre atrelados à família / Abstract: Based on the Demographic Census of 1991, this work aims to understand some aspects of the female internal migration in Brasil during the decade of 1980. We analyze the displacements to all the States of the Federation, in particular those that have metropolitan areas. The specific analysis is addressed to three states of the Federation: Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Looking for connections between marital status, position on the family and characteristics of the displacements, we construct some variables for a better comprehension of the degree of autonomy dependence or association of the migrating movements. The results had shown the enormous potential of the information, especially those concerning marriage in the census of 1991, to deepen the knowledge on the subject. They also highlight the importance and specificity of women's displacements, which are not always related to their families / Doutorado / Doutor em Demografia

Mobility and Pathways to Autonomy of Women: A study of informal workers in fisheries sector in Kerala, India Mobility defined as the freedom and ability to move has intrinsic and instrumental values in promoting human development. Paid work which involves mobility associated with work can be a ‘capability-enhancing’ experience when such mobility improves opportunities and enhances freedoms. However, the existing studies have neither examined nor measured mobility with its multiple domains for women. My thesis fills this gap in research by exploring the multiple domains of gendered mobility by measuring mobility as a single construct and analysing whether mobility is a ‘capability’ for women workers which improves autonomy and agency. It is inter-disciplinary as it is situated at the confluence of development studies, human geography and sociological disciplines. The following features of the thesis make it unique in the development studies discipline. First, the contextual setting is unique as it is based in Kerala, which is a socially progressive state in India. The thesis unearths the underlying structural constraints in the Kerala model of social development for transformation of women workers under patriarchy. It is a comparative study which examines the household autonomy and agency of two types of informal women workers in the post-harvest fisheries, namely ‘peeling workers’ linked to production chains and ‘fish vendors’ who are self-employed. Second, the capability approach provides the theoretical framework for the analysis of mobility of women as capability and it introduces a new concept of ‘transformational mobility’. By examining mobility using the Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) for the first time in development studies, the thesis operationalises capability measurement by introducing the measurement scale of mobility of women workers which empirically delineates the multiple domains of mobility based on the constraints faced by women. Third, the mixed methods research design using survey data and qualitative interviews of women workers provide better insight and contextual understanding of women’s work. An innovative method, namely, the Crisp set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (CsQCA), explores the causal mechanisms that bring about ‘transformational mobility’ in women workers. The thesis empirically proves the significance of social and human capital factors like caste, low education of spouse and marital status along with the underlying patriarchal structures that determine pathways to transformational mobility and decision making of women. Lastly, the qualitative analysis using classic grounded theory contributes to the emergence of substantive theories for women workers which reflect contrasting agentic behaviour of peeling workers and fish vendors in the context of Kerala. The lack of collective agency among peeling workers questions the claims of Kerala model of development in improving the agency of women. The findings confirm that work mobility associated with informal low paid work is not necessarily a capability for women in fisheries.

The plight faced by unemployed rural communities in South Africa and particularly the women folks of Winterveldt does not differ much from other rural areas globally in terms of poverty and the need for development. In the light of this problem, the study attempted to answer the main research question guiding it, namely, what is the role of Vocational Education and Training programmes for unemployed women in Winterveldt? Few, if any, studies in South Africa have investigated how unemployed women with little formal education engage in Vocational Education and Training programmes for purposes of employment creation, environmental awareness and cultural preservation. This thesis presents three streams of Vocational Education and Training programmes that were introduced in Winterveldt, Pretoria, namely, the embroidery, vegetable gardens and beadwork. Using a multi-focal theoretical framework consisting of empowerment, human capital, feminism, and critical pedagogy theories, the study investigates whether the programmes reduced women’s vulnerability to poverty in post-apartheid South Africa. To carry out the investigation, the study employed a multiple case study research design based on an interpretive paradigm. In addition, the researcher using individual and focus group interviews, observations and document analysis was able to acquire qualitative data. The data were collected from 17 unemployed women, seven from embroidery stream, five from vegetable garden section and five from beadwork division as well as three coordinators. All the interviewees were selected purposively because they were deemed information rich with regard to the programmes of their studies. Data were analysed manually through hand coding that led to the emergence of the research findings. The research findings were categorised into various ideas that were eventually used to form the themes to this study. The research findings revealed the followings:  That all human beings have the capacity to realise their potential in their own way;  That women with little or no formal learning, usually go unnoticed in any systematic way;  That despite being unnoticed, women have achieved success by using their own hands and available resources to create artefacts or produce crops to turn their impoverished situation around; and  That Vocational Education and Training programmes serve as a primary livelihood strategy for unemployed women who had no alternative means of employment. In conclusion, the research findings are a reminder of the true African spirit that says; Rutang bana ditaola, le se ye natšo badimong, broadly translated as teach insights into the secrets of life to the young ones; you are not to take them with you when you depart to the land of ancestors. Finally, this study proposes a partnership framework as a formation that could enhance the performance of the women participants in the area of Winterveldt. The idea is that by sharing their knowledge and expertise the unemployed women who participate in the various community-based Vocational Education and Training programmes can achieve far better results than when they work in silos. / Educational Studies / Ph. D. (Education)

MSc (Statistics) / Department of Statistics / See the attached abstract below

À Lombok, île rurale indonésienne, la communauté sasak a longtemps pratiqué un islam syncrétique et tolérant. Depuis le 20e siècle cependant, les différents revirements politiques qui ont animé l’île ont eu l’effet d’encourager un islam plus orthodoxe et de réaffirmer les valeurs traditionnelles sasaks. Aujourd’hui, cette dynamique avive l’identité religieuse des Sasaks et réitère le rôle des femmes en tant qu’épouses et mères de famille, responsables de la maisonnée. Parallèlement, le développement rapide du tourisme, encouragé par l’état indonésien, oblige une reconfiguration du travail des femmes. Ces dernières sont de plus en plus nombreuses à occuper des postes dans les infrastructures touristiques, emplois qui sont localement associés à la modernité, mais aussi aux inconduites des voyageurs. En confrontant leur rôle au sein de la maisonnée et les conventions de leur modestie, cette nouvelle économie place les femmes au centre d’un réseau de mouvance identitaire où s’affrontent des idéaux locaux et nationaux. Comment ces femmes arrivent-elles à coordonner ces rôles en apparence contradictoires ? Quel en est l’impact sur leur quotidien et leur identité, leur rôle genré ? L’objectif principal de cette recherche consiste à investiguer, au moyen d’un terrain ethnographique, la complexité des rapports qu’entretiennent les femmes sasaks avec les emplois du domaine touristique. En se concentrant sur les dynamiques de la parenté et des relations de genre sasaks, cette recherche éclaire à la fois les obstacles quotidiens et les enjeux identitaires que vivent les travailleuses sasaks lorsqu’elles contractent un emploi dans l’industrie touristique. Ultimement, ce mémoire réactualise la pertinence d’investiguer la parenté dans l’étude des changements sociaux et met en lumière la complexité des rapports identitaires que peuvent vivre les populations visées par le tourisme international. / In Lombok, a rural Indonesian island, the Sasak community has long practised a syncretic and tolerant Islam. However, since the 20th century, various political shifts affected the island which had the effect of encouraging a more orthodox Islam and reaffirming traditional sasak values. Nowadays, this dynamic reiterates the role of women as wives and mothers, household keepers, as a key element for their religious identity. In parallel, a fast-growing international tourism, encouraged by the Indonesian state, is forcing a reorganization of women’s work. Women mostly work as clerks in hotels and restaurants which locally are jobs associated with modernity, but also with the travellers’ misbehaviour. As they work outside the household, their purity and their performance as wives and mothers are compromised. Therefore, women are placed in an awkward position: as their jobs align with national ideals they are also confronting local values. How do these women manage to play these seemingly contradictory roles? What is the impact on their daily activities and their identity, their gender role? The main objective of this research is to investigate, through an ethnographic fieldwork, the reality of Sasak women who engage in the tourism industry. By focusing on kinship dynamics and gender relations, this research highlights both the day-to-day obstacles and identity issues that Sasak women workers experience as they work. Ultimately, this research updates the relevance of investigating kinship in the study of social changes and highlights the complexity of identity crisis that can experience a community targeted by international tourism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Brancaccio dos Santos.pdf: 2348565 bytes, checksum: 76da3a756484e43cc5ec3a9af88598a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper studies the daily and working lives of textile mill women workers between 1930 and 1948, using as a starting point the accounts given by Luiza Brancaccio, Yolanda Helena Lavalle Blancacco and Maria Lavalle Allegranzi. The focus of the study is twofold. Firstly, the author discusses life beyond the mill, describing these women's daily lives in their neighborhoods, their leisure activities, courtship and dating, marriage and the birth of their children. Secondly, the author discusses labor within the São Paulo state textile industry and the large numbers of women workers found in mills. The paper analyses the various types of activities carried out by women workers, the harsh reality of child labor and how these issues were addressed by the social welfare legislation at the time. Finally, the paper looks at the level of respect accorded to these women by society, the roles they were subject to and how they dealt with these societal demands, highlighting that even in those early days news about women's evolution were being published by the press. It is important to underscore that the author does not claim the interviewees' accounts to represent the entire universe of women textile workers in the period. Through these accounts the author wishes to discuss the Brazilian industrialization scene and the situation of women, two topics of great relevance in the history of Brazil. In the early days of our research, these life stories acted as enablers of our task / Este trabalho pretende estudar o cotidiano familiar e fabril de operárias têxteis no período entre 1930 e 1948, partindo dos depoimentos de Luiza Brancaccio, Yolanda Helena Lavalle Blancacco e Maria Lavalle Allegranzi. Para tanto, partimos de duas frentes de trabalho. A primeira trata da vida fora da fábrica, do cotidiano nos bairros, o lazer aí proporcionado, da convivência familiar, dos namoros, casamentos e nascimentos dos filhos. A segunda examina o trabalho operário sob o contexto da indústria têxtil paulista e a inclusão de um grande contingente de operárias nesta indústria. Analisaremos os tipos de atividade desenvolvidos pelas operárias, a dura realidade do trabalho infantil e como todas estas questões eram amparadas na legislação social. Por fim trabalharemos com a visão que a sociedade nutria a respeito das mulheres, a quais papéis estavam sujeitas e como lidavam com estas demandas sociais; mostrando também que já neste período as notícias sobre a evolução feminina chegavam às páginas dos jornais. Devemos assinalar que não é nossa pretensão representar o conjunto das operárias têxteis do período abordado através das histórias de vida das depoentes. Queremos através de seus relatos, adentrar em uma esfera da industrialização brasileira e da realidade feminina; temas de considerável importância para a história do Brasil, e que em um primeiro momento de nosso trabalho serviram como facilitadoras nessa tarefa

Cette thèse traite des effets de la migration sur le statut professionnel et social des travailleuses domestiques et des nouveaux rapports de subordination qui en découlent, analysés à l'intersection des rapports de genre, de classe et de « race ». Le but de cette recherche est d'aborder l'ordre hiérarchique de ces différents rapports et d'analyser les causes structurelles de la subordination. Les travailleuses migrantes chaoxianzu appartenaient à la classe symboliquement au pouvoir dans la Chine socialiste, en tant qu’ouvrières industrielles et agricoles. En examinant leur expérience de travail dans cinq villes de trois pays - France, Corée du Sud et Chine - nous analysons comment les conditions de travail de chaque société d’immigration affectent leur statut en tant que travailleuses. Les participantes à notre recherche vivent et perçoivent leur expérience de travail à la lumière de l’habitus professionnel de la Chine socialiste, basé sur la fierté en tant que travailleuses. Selon leur perception, dans la migration, elles ne changent pas pour un niveau hiérarchique et professionnel inférieur, mais souffrent, collectivement, de la position subalterne des travailleurs domestiques sans-papiers dans le référentiel de l’ordre hiérarchique de la société capitaliste. Plutôt qu'un travail trivial, elles perçoivent leur métier comme une somme de tâches nobles, physiques et émotionnelles. Elles s’inscrivent dans la chaîne globalisée du care. Mais, en s'interrogeant sur leur statut subalterne, elles remettent en cause la logique de reproduction de la hiérarchie sociale. / This thesis deals with the effects of migration on the occupational and social status of domestic workers and the resulting new relationships of subordination that are analyzed at the intersection of gender, class and ‘race’ relations. The purpose of this research is to address the hierarchical order of these different relationships and to analyze the structural causes of subordination. The Chaoxianzu women migrant workers belonged to the class symbolically in power in socialist China, as industrial and agricultural workers. By examining their work experience in five cities in three countries - France, South Korea and China - we analyze how the working conditions of each immigration society affect their status as women workers. The participants in our research live and perceive their work experience in light of their professional habitus of socialist China, based on pride as women workers. According to their perception, in migrating they do not change for a lower hierarchical and professional level, but collectively suffer from the subordinate position of undocumented domestic workers typical for capitalist society’s hierarchical order. Rather than perceiving their job as trivial, they see it as a sum of noble, physical and emotional tasks. They are part of the global chain of care. But, in questioning their subordinate status, they undermine the logic inherent to the reproduction of social hierarchies.

MSCPNT / Department of Nutrition / Introduction: In the year 2012, South Africa had a prevalence rate of stunting in children aged 1- 3, 4 - 6 and 7 – 9 years at 26.5%, 11.9% and 9.4%, respectively (Shisana et al. (2013). The Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality (GSDM) also showed a high rate of stunting (36%) in children aged 13 to 215 months of age (FIVIMS, 2006). The GSDM had a high unemployment rate of 69% to 82.4% (Statistics SA, 2006; Department of Social Development, 2008).). South Africa has adequate food supplies to feed the entire population at the national level (Labadarios et al., 2011; du Toit et al., 2011); however, there is evidence of under-nutrition caused by lack of purchasing power, and not a shortage of food (Rose and Charlton, 2001). Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the employment status of the mother, household hunger and the nutritional status of children aged one to twelve years (1-12 years) in households of Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province. Objectives : The objectives of the study were to determine the socio-economic status of the household; to assess the nutritional status of children using anthropometric measurements; to assess dietary patterns of children in households; to determine household food security using food inventories; to determine the prevalence of household hunger using the standardized hunger scale; to determine the coping strategies to food deprivation used in each household and to determine the association between employment status of the mother, nutritional status of children and household hunger. Methodology: The study design was a cross sectional, exploratory and correlational study. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. A simple random sampling method was used to select nine villages from Makhuduthamaga local municipality and twenty households per village were selected using the systematic random sampling. Data was collected in households and a sample size of 180 children was selected based on the availability of a child within the selected age group. If there were more than one child within the 1-12 years, each child was then allocated a number and the one with the least number was selected. Biological mothers were the preferred participants, however if the mother was unavailable, the primary caregiver was selected and180 mothers or caregivers Results: The majority (92.2%) of mothers were unemployed and 91% of them had an income of less than R500.00 per month, whereas 33.9% of households had total income of less than R1000.00 About 64.4% and 28.4% borrowed food from neighbours/family/friends and bought food on credit from the local shop. The anthropometric status of children indicated a high prevalence of stunting, a medium prevalence of underweight and a low prevalence of wasting. Most caregivers were overweight or obese. About 66% of children ate three meals per day. Almost 44% of households were food insecure, whereas 33.9% were at risk of hunger and only 21.7% were food secure. There was no association between employment status of the mother, household hunger and anthropometric status indicators. Conclusion: Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality has a high rate of unemployment, poor household income and purchasing power and high level of food insecurity. The employment status of the mother was not associated with the level of wasting, stunting and underweight. Furthermore, employment status was also not associated with the level of hunger. Caregivers employed various strategies to cope with periods of food deprivation