I described topics related to the title of the thesis in its theoretical part and in that way I made a comprehensive survey focused on the social fieldwork in families. The first target of the thesis was - to learn the experience of some chosen non-profit-making organizations which deliver socially activating services to families with children. The qualitative research, the method of questioning and the technique of semi-standardized interview were used for achieving my objective. The same kinds of research, method and technique were used for achieving my second objective, i.e. - to map the status of delivering socially activating services to families with children in the South Bohemia region which realize saving of families. I carried out two kinds of interviews; the first one - in non-profit-making organizations; the second one - with some OSPOD{\crq}s women-workers in České Budějovice. The set aims were fulfilled. Then, on the base of the detected data, I formulated my findings. My findings confirmed that the experience of organizations which deliver socially activating services to families with children is consistent. Employees of non-governmental non-profit-making organizations indicated that the functioning of their organizations is successful and that they cope with their purposes and aims. The women-workers of OSPOD concurred in their statements that the kind of work with families seemed beneficial and the women-workers were open for cooperation with organizations in that field, which is an important aspect for those organizations. The current situation in delivering socially activating services to families with children in the South Bohemia region is not unsatisfactory, but it is not fully cowered yet. There is no organization fully focused on the saving of families, especially in some border areas of the region. My interviews contributed to the creation of my project design of a non-governmental, non-profit-making organization. On the base of the project design socially activating services (fieldwork form) for families with children in the South Bohemia region could be realized (under the law No. 108/2008 of Collection of Law {--} Social Services Act). In this way the project is the practical output of my thesis and it can be used for the creating of an organization focused on the saving of families in the South Bohemia region. The project and its implementation expect cooperation with experts qualified in that field. If the project is realized, the number of socially activating services in the South Bohemia region will increase and the only organization focused wholly on the saving of families will be created.

This master thesis deals with the importance of preventive educational care where educational care centres belong. More specifically the thesis is focused on Educational Care Centre in Domažlice. The theoretical part characterizes the principle of stay in hall of residence and mainly the methods and forms of work which are used during working with clients. Furthermore, it describes the cooperation with other subjects and organizations which the educational care centre cooperates with and in this way supports the client to improve his/her behaviour. For the practical part, the qualitative research was chosen with the usage of designs of case study and especially the methods of grounded theory. The research was focused on the influence of the methods and forms of work on the change, reducing or eliminating already developed behaviour disorders. The influence is evaluated from the clients and their parents' perspective. On the grounds of the research the responses on the research questions are formulated at the end of the thesis. KEYWORDS Preventive educational care, methods and forms of cooperation, hall of residence stay, work with family, educational styles, non-profit sectors.

D.Litt. et Phil. / In recent research studies that have been done within the cadre of family sociology, researchers have emphasised the fact that the role of the man in the family is an important topic. This interest in the role of the husband/father has been facilitated by significant trends and changes of our time, manifesting world-wide, as well as in South Africa. These trends, such as the continuous rise in the rate of married women entering the labour market and the accompanying issues raised by changes in terms of the spouses' participation in household and childcare responsibilities, affect family life extensively. More researchers and theorists are now focussing on the shift from the man's role in the family as sole breadwinner to that of the active nurturant father within the context of a marital relationship characterised by companionship and an equal partnership between the spouses. For several decades the focus in South Africa, as in the case of other countries, fell on the increasing interface between work and family life, within the work/family spillover model, as experienced by the working married woman and how her marital and familial relationships are influenced by it. While it is clear from these research results, especially from those studies conducted in South Africa, that most men are no longer the sole or primary breadwinner in the family, it is less clear what new patterns of commitment and involvement these men are developing with regard to their family life. A related methodological shortcoming of sociological research on the husband/father role to date is that much of these research projects have relied on the wife/mother's report on her husband's attitude towards domestic responsibilities, his spousal and paternal conduct and the quality of the father-child relationship. As a result of this perspective on the changing role of the husband/father, the question arose as to what the situation in South Africa might be. The aim of this research was to shed light on the man's perception of his roles as husband and father in the dual-earner family and to what extent this perception may or may not stand in relationship to his experience of marital integration. In this quantitative research project the respondents were selected from the Gauteng area by means of purposive and snowball sampling.

Through the use of contextual data, this research study aims to explicate a theory about the experiences of academic women, who are also mothers, employed at a South African University. The research is interpretive in nature as it explores the women's accounts of the conflicts they face in striving to satisfy the demands of both their scholarly work and family responsibilities within multiple intersecting factors related to their personal/familial circumstances, and the strategic processes they engage in to manage the balance between these competing roles. The study followed a constructivist grounded theory design in an attempt to test the hypothesis (emerging from a prior pilot study) that the most significant enabling factors at work in the lives of these women comprise various relational support processes. The findings indicate that balancing academic work and mothering is a delicate activity that is sensitive to a number of facilitating as well as hindering factors. The participants revealed that they experience work-family role-conflict as a result of competing desires to dedicate themselves fully to both of these roles. The relational factors most prominently cited as being critical to enabling a work-family balance include the presence of a supportive partner, a support structure in the home in the form of an employed domestic helper, and the support derived from a 'shared experience' with other working mothers. Non-relational factors emanating from the unique quality of life afforded to mothers by employment within the particular case institution also emerged as being significantly enabling of a work-family balance for this group of academic mothers.

The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between WFC and stress with Conscientiousness which is part of the Big Five personality Traits Model in moderation. The study was undertaken in the South African Police Service members in Alice town in the Eastern Cape. The study was based on a sample size of eighty four (n=84) out of 134 (N=134) police officers. A simple convenient random sample was used to sample participants. With the use of descriptive, correlation and inferential statistics the finding revealed instead that Conscientiousness has no significant relationship with WFC at (r= 0.02792, p= 0.8022) also Conscientiousness had no significant relationship with stress at (r= -0.04465, p= 0.6885). Overall, after separating the group according to those that scored low and those that scored high on conscientiousness scale, the study found the group low in conscientiousness not significantly correlated with WFC and stress (r= -0.02263, p= 0.9414). and the group with a high conscientiousness the study revealed a high significant relationship for police officers that scored high on Conscientiousness at (r= 0.40119, p< 0.00). The group low in conscientiousness has no correlation between WFC and stress thus different values of conscientiousness cause a change in the relationship between WFC and stress. Thus those who are low in conscientiousness do not have a relationship between WFC and stress. A call is made to the SAPS as an institution to consider prioritizing personality trait particularly applicants that score low on conscientiousness personality test during recruitment and selection of new police officers to avoid the outcomes associated with the nature of police work.

The diploma thesis deals with the status of women in the labour market. The thesis outlines gender issues and focuses on the principle of equal opportunities for men and women, which has become largely a public issue. The thesis aims to explore two areas in the sphere of employment. The first aim is to detect differences in the status of women in the labour market regarding the level of employment equality and to identify factors that affect them. The second aim is focused on finding differences in the gender pay gap and to identify factors that determine them. The situation of women in the labour market and the wage differences is a statistical examination of data on the Czech Republic. The thesis presents a conclusive explanation of gender inequality in the labour market and the problem of harmonizing work and family life. The legislation is also presented, which represents the efforts of the state to eliminate unequal access to women. Results of the analysis made comprehensive findings of developments and current status of women in the labour market set in a European context.

Using data from a national survey, this study examines income and other key variables (division of labor and work-family conflict) and their relationship to marital satisfaction. This study builds upon the body of research regarding working couples and women's increased participation in the paid labor force as well as evaluates the findings in the context of data gathered from the recent United States census. Results from this study also are compared to the findings of other key studies. Emergent data may be used to prepare counselors to work more effectively with couple clients and to assist employers in the development of work life policies for dual career and dual earner employees. Results from the multiple regression revealed no direct effects of income on marital satisfaction. For this sample, increases in work family conflict contributed to less marital satisfaction as did the presence of children. Increased participation in household chores by respondents' partners contributed to increased marital satisfaction. No differences were observed by gender. Limitations of the study, recommendations for further research, and implications for practitioners also are addressed.

El presente estudio relaciona estrés laboral y percepción de competencias parentales en padres que trabajan. Se utilizó un diseño transversal de tipo correlacional (Hernández- Sampieri & Mendoza, 2018) en el que participaron 177 padres (55.7% mujeres) que trabajan como mínimo 30 horas semanales y con hijos entre 3 y 12 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario del modelo demandas-control-apoyo (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) y la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). Los resultados evidencian que los trabajadores que perciben colaboración por parte de sus supervisores y compañeros suelen manifestar que poseen tiempo para realizar actividades recreativas y acompañar a sus hijos en los aprendizajes escolares. Del mismo modo, los padres que perciben autonomía para realizar sus funciones laborales, consideran también que brindan mayor dedicación a sus hijos. No obstante, aún existen modificaciones en el ámbito organizacional y familiar que lleven al equilibrio de roles y responsabilidades en mujeres y hombres. En conclusión, las personas que perciban estrés en su trabajo tendrán menor percepción de competencias parentales, ya que no encuentran un equilibrio entre las funciones de ambos roles. / The study analyze the relationship between work stress and perception of parental skills on working parents. It was used a cross- sectional correlational design (Hernández- Sampieri & Mendoza, 2018) in which 177 parents participated (55.7% women), who work at least 30 hours per week and with children between 3 and 12 years old. The psychological instruments were: Inventory of the demands-control-support model (Rosario-Hernández & Rovira, 2016) and Scale of Perceived Parental Competence (Vera-Vásquez, Zaragoza-Tafur & Musayón-Oblitas, 2014). The results shows that workers who perceive collaboration from their supervisors and partners usually state that they have time for recreational activities and accompany their children in their school learning. In the same way, parents who perceives autonomy to carry out his work functions, also considers that provides greater dedication to their children. However, there are still changes in the organizational and family environment that lead to a balance of roles and responsibilities in women and men. As main conclusion, people who perceive stress in their work found less perception of parental skills, because they do not find a balance between the functions of both roles. / Tesis

The research revolves on the emergence of globalisation, change, competition, work pressure, and risks among others which have exposed insurance employees to work stress that can interfere with home activities. The research purpose was to determine the relationship between work stress, work-home interference, and organisational culture among insurance employees in the Zimbabwean context. The sample consisted of 240 participants, from which data was collected from 190 employees who responded to the questionnaires. The questionnaires were analysed using SPSS, internal consistency reliability analysis, and the inter-correlation analysis. The inferential statistics used were multiple linear regression and one way ANOVA. Substantial positive and negative correlations were noted for the six sub-scales of the Occupational roles questionnaire (ORQ), negative work-home interference (NWHI) and positive work-home interference (PWHI) scales, and the three sub-scales of the Organisational culture index (OCI). The research concluded that different measures should be taken to manage work stressors, depending on the organisational culture, and its employees to prevent spill-over which contributes to negative work-home interference. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Text in English / Early migration across borders predominantly involved movement by males for work. While changing times have seen a considerable increase in the number of female migrants as principal migrants solely for independent employment, women still move as passive participants, who have to play an often obscure supporting role beside men. Through a qualitative, exploratory research design, this thesis explored the lived experiences of accompanying immigrants, particularly women from other African countries, accompanying their immigrant spouses in South Africa. Data collection was conducted through individual face-to-face unstructured in-depth interviews with eight female accompanying spouses. The data were thematically analysed and yielded seven overarching themes, namely: motivation to relocate and power dynamics; effects of migration; how accompanying immigrant status is experienced by the female accompanying spouse; challenges immigrants that hold accompanying spouse status face; meaning-making, adaptation; and strategies deployed to cope. These were discussed in terms of the construction of the ‘accompanying spouse status’ and how this powerful social discourse impacts women’s wellbeing. Participants reported education, socioeconomic factors and related life aspects were amongst the motivations for their relocation to South Africa, in addition to citing both positive and negative effects of their migration. From the study results, accompanying spouses recounted how they encountered various adversities, including how accompanying spouse status fundamentally reduces the holder to a dependent, whose being revolves around the principal migrant spouse. Notwithstanding participants’ struggles, the study results show how the participants have, through it all, learnt to live with their status, deployed methods of coping against all odds, and today still stand. / Psychology / Ph. D.(Psychology)