Text in Afrikaans / Hoë werkloosheid het 'n permanente kenmerk van die moderne samelweing geword en daarom word daar huidiglik baie aandag geskenk aan die psigologiese impak van werkloosheid op die werklose persoon en sy gesin. Die teoretiese benadering van hierdie studie is dat werksverlies 'n stresvolle lewensgebeurtenis is waarvan die impak binne 'n sistemiese benadering bestudeer is. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gevolg. Die navorsingsresultate is verkry deur in-diepte onderhoude te voer met agt blanke getroude pare. Die resultate van die onderhoude is vergelyk met bestaande navorsing oor die impak van onwillekeurige werksverlies op die individu en sy gesin. Resultate dui daarop dat werksverlies 'n verpletterende ervaring is vir sommige pare terwyl dit in ander huwelikke lei tot groter intimiteit en persoonlike groei. Veranderlikes wat vir hierdie verskille verantwoordelik is, word geidentifiseer. Implikasies vir toekomstige navorsing word bespreek. / High unemployment has become a permanent feature of modern-day society. As a result there has been an increased interest in the psychological impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. The theoretical appraoch of this study is that job loss is a stressful life event which is studies within the subsystem of the family. The research design is the qualitative method that was executed by conducting depth interviews with eight white couples. The results of the interviews were compared with those of previous research relating to the impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. Results show that job loss is a devastating experience for some couples while other couples experience it as a opportunity for personal growth and increased intimacy in the relationship. Factors that account for these differences are identified. Implications for future research are discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Sielkundige Navorsing)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGSSF.pdf: 1035895 bytes, checksum: 882aef866312820dbad686032d197c80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-22 / With the changes in the work organization and the emergence of the flexible production system, especially from the 80`s, new work arrangements have appeared. One of them is the reduced hours working day in which one works a total of weekly hours smaller than the standard. Parallel to this phenomenon, the female participation in the market place has increased more noticeably from the 70`s and the conflicts between work and family have become more frequent. The reduced hours employment is pointed by some researchers as potentially favourable to the conciliation between work and family. Other researchers about the reduced hours job think it is disadvantageous to the workers because it is not their choice and it results in salary, benefit and career losses. Due to these controversies and because there isn t much research about it in Brazil, we aim to study the impact of the reduced hours work in the banks since it works with thirty-hour working day. For this reason, union trade representatives and bank workers who were employed in the countryside of São Paulo`s state were interviewed based on semi-structured outlines. Some information were collected from the RAIS (Annual List of Social Information) data base considering the period of 1994 to 2002. We found out that on the one hand the thirty-hour working day helps the bank workers to have more free time for their personal/ family activities, but most of times they don t work in this scheme by own choice and end up dealing with salary losses, less development opportunities, limited professional rise and less time to develop their activities. These aspects can limit the potential advantages of this kind of employment to the balance between work and family. We also noticed that the percentage of bank workers on thirty-hour working days in Brazil and São Paulos`s state has been decreasing and there is the predominance of women in this kind of job. Still the salary losses have been sharper for bank workers on thirty-hour working days and to the women. / Com as mudanças na organização do trabalho frente à emergência do sistema de produção flexível, especialmente a partir da década de 80, vêm se expandindo novos arranjos de trabalho, como por exemplo o trabalho de horas reduzidas, em que o número de horas trabalhadas por semana é menor que o padrão. Ao mesmo tempo, a participação feminina no mercado de trabalho se intensifica, sobretudo a partir da década de 70; por conseguinte, os conflitos entre trabalho e família tornam-se cada vez mais freqüentes. O trabalho de horas reduzidas é apontado, por alguns estudiosos, como potencialmente favorável à conciliação entre trabalho e família e, por outros, como desvantajoso para o funcionário, tanto pela imposição de horários quanto pelos prejuízos salariais, no que diz respeito aos benefícios e à ascensão na carreira. Devido a essas controvérsias e ao fato de existirem poucos estudos sobre o assunto no Brasil, objetiva-se estudar o impacto do trabalho de horas reduzidas no setor bancário, que apresenta a jornada de 30 horas semanais. Para isso, foram entrevistados, a partir de roteiros de entrevista semi-estruturados, representantes sindicais e bancários que trabalhavam no interior do estado de São Paulo. Também foram coletadas informações junto à base de dados da RAIS (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais) referentes à evolução no quadro de bancários, faixas salariais e jornada no estado de São Paulo e Brasil, considerando o período de 1994 a 2002. Encontrou-se que, por um lado, a jornada de 30 horas colabora para o bancário ter maior tempo livre para as atividades pessoais/familiares, mas, na maioria das vezes, ele é submetido a esse regime de trabalho sem possibilidade de escolha e acaba enfrentando alguns prejuízos em termos salariais, menores oportunidades de desenvolvimento, ascensão profissional limitada e menos tempo para desenvolver suas atividades, o que pode restringir as potenciais vantagens desta jornada para o equilíbrio trabalho e família. Notou-se, também, que tem ocorrido um decréscimo na porcentagem de bancários em jornada de 30 horas no Brasil e no estado de São Paulo, assim como uma predominância de mulheres nesta jornada, com perdas salariais mais acentuadas. Palavras-chave: Trabalho de horas reduzidas. Trabalho em tempo parcial. Equilíbrio trabalho e família. Setor bancário. Bancários. Jornada de Trabalho. Condições de Trabalho.

A sustentabilidade da vida humana, entendida como conjunto de atividades necessárias para o processo de reprodução social e manutenção da vida, por não ser considerada como trabalho produtivo, não tem sido tratada como prioritária para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e do indivíduo. Desenvolvida basicamente por mulheres no ambiente doméstico, é palco de desigualdades e conflitos, onde mulheres que não conseguem dividir responsabilidades vivem a dupla, tripla jornada de trabalho. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer quais as estratégias as mulheres curitibanas, que possuem trabalho remunerado fora do lar com exigência de escolaridade de nível médio, estão utilizando para enfrentar este desafio, com quem e com o que podem contar. É uma pesquisa qualitativa-interpretativa, que entrevistou 15 mulheres e procurou entender o significado da divisão sexual do trabalho, isto é, como o trabalho doméstico é dividido entre homens e mulheres de uma mesma família, e qual é a participação do Estado e do empregador. Através dos discursos das entrevistadas percebe-se que o momento é de avanços e permanências, onde a reprodução de comportamentos convive com mudança de valores e atitudes. O modelo predominante da divisão sexual do trabalho, definido por Hirata e Kergoat, é o da conciliação, embora apareçam os modelos tradicionais e de parceria em menor escala. Destaca-se também a participação das avós na emancipação das mulheres mães trabalhadoras, que podem contar com as suas próprias mães, sobretudo quando não conseguem o apoio do Estado e do empregador, por meio de creches para seus filhos. No que se refere às inovações tecnológicas notou-se que contribuíram significativamente como poupadores de tempo e esforço para realização das tarefas domésticas, mas não representam o foco principal na divisão sexual do trabalho. / The sustainability of human life, meaning the activities necessary for the process of social reproduction and life maintenance, as not conceived as productive work has not been treated as a priority for the development of the individual or the society. Performed basically by women in the domestic environment, it is the scene of inequalities and conflicts, in which women who cannot divide responsibilities face a double or triple day work. The object of this research is to know which strategies the working women of Curitiba, holders of a high school diploma, are using to go through this challenge, what services they can be provided and who they can count on. This qualitative and interpretative research has interviewed 15 women and tried to understand the meaning of the gender division of labour i.e. how is domestic work divided between men and women of the same family, and what is the role of the Government and the employer. Their testimonies evidence they are facing times of change and persistency, where the reproductive behaviour coexists with change of values and attitudes. The prevalent model of gender division of labor, defined by Hirata and Kergoat, is the conciliation, although traditional and partnership models also occur in a smaller degree. Grandmothers play a substancial role on the emancipation of the working women. They can count on their own mothers mostly when they cannot get the Government and employer’s support through day-cares for their children. Technological innovations have significantly contributed as time and effort savers for the accomplishment of domestic tasks, but do not quite picture the main focus in the gender division of labour.

A sustentabilidade da vida humana, entendida como conjunto de atividades necessárias para o processo de reprodução social e manutenção da vida, por não ser considerada como trabalho produtivo, não tem sido tratada como prioritária para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e do indivíduo. Desenvolvida basicamente por mulheres no ambiente doméstico, é palco de desigualdades e conflitos, onde mulheres que não conseguem dividir responsabilidades vivem a dupla, tripla jornada de trabalho. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer quais as estratégias as mulheres curitibanas, que possuem trabalho remunerado fora do lar com exigência de escolaridade de nível médio, estão utilizando para enfrentar este desafio, com quem e com o que podem contar. É uma pesquisa qualitativa-interpretativa, que entrevistou 15 mulheres e procurou entender o significado da divisão sexual do trabalho, isto é, como o trabalho doméstico é dividido entre homens e mulheres de uma mesma família, e qual é a participação do Estado e do empregador. Através dos discursos das entrevistadas percebe-se que o momento é de avanços e permanências, onde a reprodução de comportamentos convive com mudança de valores e atitudes. O modelo predominante da divisão sexual do trabalho, definido por Hirata e Kergoat, é o da conciliação, embora apareçam os modelos tradicionais e de parceria em menor escala. Destaca-se também a participação das avós na emancipação das mulheres mães trabalhadoras, que podem contar com as suas próprias mães, sobretudo quando não conseguem o apoio do Estado e do empregador, por meio de creches para seus filhos. No que se refere às inovações tecnológicas notou-se que contribuíram significativamente como poupadores de tempo e esforço para realização das tarefas domésticas, mas não representam o foco principal na divisão sexual do trabalho. / The sustainability of human life, meaning the activities necessary for the process of social reproduction and life maintenance, as not conceived as productive work has not been treated as a priority for the development of the individual or the society. Performed basically by women in the domestic environment, it is the scene of inequalities and conflicts, in which women who cannot divide responsibilities face a double or triple day work. The object of this research is to know which strategies the working women of Curitiba, holders of a high school diploma, are using to go through this challenge, what services they can be provided and who they can count on. This qualitative and interpretative research has interviewed 15 women and tried to understand the meaning of the gender division of labour i.e. how is domestic work divided between men and women of the same family, and what is the role of the Government and the employer. Their testimonies evidence they are facing times of change and persistency, where the reproductive behaviour coexists with change of values and attitudes. The prevalent model of gender division of labor, defined by Hirata and Kergoat, is the conciliation, although traditional and partnership models also occur in a smaller degree. Grandmothers play a substancial role on the emancipation of the working women. They can count on their own mothers mostly when they cannot get the Government and employer’s support through day-cares for their children. Technological innovations have significantly contributed as time and effort savers for the accomplishment of domestic tasks, but do not quite picture the main focus in the gender division of labour.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The diploma thesis is focused on the field of children's palliative care. The objective of the thesis is to find out the current state of children's palliative care and ways of social work with families with children in the terminal stage of life. Interviews with the professionals working in this field make AN important part of the thesis. The outputs of the thesis are presented as recommendations for social workers dealing with these families. The thesis should be seen also as a point of considering the current state of children's palliative care and the need for the development of the field by the professional community.

The South African White Paper for Social Welfare (1997:58) acknowledges the importance to children of living in a secure and nurturing family. Nevertheless, many families are unable to fulfil their parenting roles as a result of the increasing pressures in society. One of these pressures concerns the employment of parents. There is an increasing tendency for people to relocate to bigger cities where there are more job opportunities. This then results in many children being left in the care of grandparents or other relatives while the biological parents pursue job opportunities in other cities. The aim of this study was to enhance an understanding of children’s experiences of these voluntary parental absences and the factors that contribute to their resilience during this process. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was employed and seven primary school children (10-12 years) from Port Elizabeth participated in semi-structured interviews including drawings. Trustworthiness was ensured and data analysis was conducted by using Tesch’s model (in Creswell, 1998). Four themes were derived from the study: Children’s perception of a family, where the participants defined family according to characteristics of (amongst others) care and love; Children’s experiences of living with a substitute family, where there was a process of detachment from biological parents, attachment to the substitute family and present experiences in the new family; Resilience in children, where the participants revealed their ways of coping; and, lastly, Suggestions from the participants on how other children in the same situation could cope.

The study focused on work-family conflict among females occupying lower level jobs. A quantitative research methodology was conducted on a sample of (N=144) females working on the assembly line in two private sector organisations. The research instrument was a questionnaire comprising six parts. The variables were measured under four categories: work-family conflict, job demands, perceived organisational support and job self-efficacy. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse and interpret the data. A comparative study was done between Hesto and Alpha pharmaceutical employees and it was found that Hesto employees experience greater work-family conflict, job demands, perceived organisational support and job self-efficacy. The correlation results of the study showed that a significant negative relationship exists between perceived organisation support and work-family conflict. There was a weak positive relationship between perceived organisational support and job self-efficacy. Work demands was found to be positively and significantly related to work-family conflict. There was a significant negative relationship between perceived organisational support and work demand. A significant negative relationship was found between job self-efficacy and work-family conflict. Based on these results recommendations were made on how South African companies can help reduce work-family conflict.

The theoretical part of diploma thesis deals with the family, it's support by the State and other institutions, an analysis of childcare facilities - maternity centers, kindergartens, mini-kindergartens, nurseries, etc. Further analysis is directed to describe the purpose, operation and financing of the parent centers. Practical part of thesis deals with the analysis in the form of questionnaire survey of current and potential clients of parent centers in order to determine the availability, amenities, services, etc. of childcare facilities at Prague 13 in order to make recommendations for the further development of parent center Prokůpek.

The thesis is focused on work-life harmonisation in the view of state, employers and parents. It is divided from chronological and thematic aspect: past focused on analysis of historical needs for reconciliation of work and family life, present role of the state, employers and employees and future visions of today's university students, prospective parents. Three surveys were realized to support the theses. The first one applies to occupancy of kindergartens. The second one in form of interviews with representatives of prominent companies is aimed at flexible work and company kindergarten. The third research takes interest in university student's views of parental leave and role division inside the family. In the end of the thesis, improvement of conditions for work and family interplay are suggested.