Higher education literature, has several contributions that pertain to mentoring styles in academia, female faculty, gender and leadership, and recruitment and retention of women and minorities in academia. However, specific references that lend voice to the experiences of female counselor educators in the context of their career paths and patterns are scant(Hill, Leinbaugh, Bradley,& Hazler, 2005). This qualitative investigation explored the socialization process of 8 female leaders in counselor education from throughout the United States utilizing grounded theory methods. The primary theme of socialization was organized into three main categories, (a) childhood socialization, (b) anticipatory socialization (Van Mannen, 1976), and (c) organizational socialization (Van Mannen, 1976). Leaders' socialization experiences highlighted sub-themes of balancing work and family, satisfaction level of professional obligations and inequalities. The inequalities highlighted participants' experiences of exclusion in departments with counselor education and counseling psychology programs, as well as gender and race discrimination around issues such as salary, tenure and promotion. The results from this investigation provided a theoretical framework of the interrelated influences of their socialization process from childhood across the span of their careers to full professor and department chairs. Implications and recommendations for female doctoral students, counselor educators, professional development in higher education, mentoring relationships, supervision and leadership development are included.

Reconciliation of work and family life Abstract This thesis deals with the reconciliation of work and family life in the Czech Republic from a legal perspective. Finding a suitable balance between work and family life enables an individual to return to work sooner from maternity and parental leave. This balance also has a positive effect on the productivity of employees, birth rates, elimination of gender stereotypes and causes a reduction of the unemployment rate among women. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the number of articles of employment law and social security law that are relevant to the issues of reconciliation of work and family life, to analyze the relevant legislation, and to draw attention to some practical problems. Also, the paper will evaluate the impact of this legislative framework and legal institutes on work and family life and recommend alterations "de lege ferenda". The thesis of this paper is that reconciliation of work and family life is an endless process and that there are several problem areas related to it that need improvement within the Czech Republic. The work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter identifies the main issues related to the reconciliation of work and family life. It gives the overview of the international,...

Mohinani, Nimishaa. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-42). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / work-family conflict --- p.1 / Social support and work-family conflict --- p.2 / Outcome variables --- p.4 / Child status --- p.7 / Cultural component --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.13 / Participants --- p.13 / Measures --- p.13 / Data analysis --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.17 / WFC and outcome variables --- p.17 / Moderating impact of culture --- p.17 / "Ethnicity, child status and levels social support" --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.27 / References --- p.33 / Footnotes --- p.43

This thesis is a case study about the choices and constraints faced by women clerical workers in a labour market where they have very little autonomy in negotiating their pay and conditions of employment. On the one hand, clerical work has developed as a feminised occupation with a history of being low in status and low paid. On the other hand, it is an ideal occupation for women wanting to combine work and family across their life cycle. How these two phenomena impact upon women clerical workers ability to negotiate enterprise agreements is the subject of this thesis. From a theoretical perspective this thesis builds upon Catherine Hakim�s preference theory which explores the choices women clerical workers� make in relation to their work and family lives. Where Hakim�s preference theory focuses on the way in which women use their agency to determine their work and life style choices, this thesis gives equal weighting to the impact of agency and the constraints imposed by external structures such as the availability of part-time work and childcare, as well as the impact of organisational culture. The research data presented was based on face-to-face interviews with forty female clerical workers. The clerical workers ranged in age from 21 to 59 years of age. The respondents were made up of single or partnered women without family responsibilities, women juggling work and family, and women who no longer had dependent children and were approaching retirement. This thesis contends that these clerical workers are ill placed to optimise their conditions of employment under the new industrial regime of enterprise bargaining and individual contracts. Very few of the women were union members and generally they were uninformed about their rights and entitlements.

Daktaro disertacija siekia atsakyti į klausimą – kokie sunkumai kyla formuojant šeimos politiką Lietuvoje? Darbo tikslas - teoriškai ir empiriškai įvertinti formuojamos šeimos politikos adekvatumą šeimos pokyčiams Lietuvoje, atskleidžiant šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir jų sprendimo būdus. Lietuvos šeimos politikos turinys analizuojamas šeimos statuso ir šeimos ir valstybės santykių apibrėžimo Lietuvos Konstitucijoje, konceptualių šeimos politikos pagrindų, apibrėžiančių šeimos politikos objektą, tikslus ir veiksmų kryptis ir ES prioritetinių veiklos krypčių integravimo nacionalinėje šeimos politikoje kontekste, taip pat analizuojama šeimos politikos priemonių sistema, sudaranti galimybes tėvams derinti darbą ir šeimos gyvenimą, lyginant ją su kitų Europos šalių priemonių sistemomis. Disertacijoje taip pat pristatomi kiekybinio tyrimo "Požiūris į šeimą", atskleidžiantys sociokultūrinį šeimos politikos formavimo kontekstą bei ekspertų požiūris į šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir šeimos politikos formavimo galimybes. Pabaigoje pristatomas sisteminio požiūrio į šeimos politikos formavimą modelis. / This doctoral thesis investigates the question: what are the challenges of family policy formation in Lithuania? The aim of the research is the theoretical and empirical evaluation of the compliance of family policy with family changes in Lithuania by identifying the problems of family policy formation and ways for their resolution. The content of family policy in Lithuania is analysed in the context of the state-family relationship in the Lithuanian Constitution, conceptual family policy principles defining the object of family policy, objectives and operational trends and integration of the EU operational trends in the national family policy, as well as the system of family policy measures developing possibilities to reconcile work and family life in comparison with system of measures of other European states. The dissertation also presents the analysis of the outcomes of the quantitative research „Attitude to family“ by revealing the socio-cultural context of family policy formation, as well as the outcomes of the experts’ attitude toward the problems of family policy formation and the possibilities for the development of family policy. Finally the dissertation presents the model of a systematic approach towards family policy formation.

This doctoral thesis investigates the question: what are the challenges of family policy formation in Lithuania? The aim of the research is the theoretical and empirical evaluation of the compliance of family policy with family changes in Lithuania by identifying the problems of family policy formation and ways for their resolution. The content of family policy in Lithuania is analysed in the context of the state-family relationship in the Lithuanian Constitution, conceptual family policy principles defining the object of family policy, objectives and operational trends and integration of the EU operational trends in the national family policy, as well as the system of family policy measures developing possibilities to reconcile work and family life in comparison with system of measures of other European states. The dissertation also presents the analysis of the outcomes of the quantitative research „Attitude to family“ by revealing the socio-cultural context of family policy formation, as well as the outcomes of the experts’ attitude toward the problems of family policy formation and the possibilities for the development of family policy. Finally the dissertation presents the model of a systematic approach towards family policy formation. / Daktaro disertacija siekia atsakyti į klausimą – kokie sunkumai kyla formuojant šeimos politiką Lietuvoje? Darbo tikslas - teoriškai ir empiriškai įvertinti formuojamos šeimos politikos adekvatumą šeimos pokyčiams Lietuvoje, atskleidžiant šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir jų sprendimo būdus. Lietuvos šeimos politikos turinys analizuojamas šeimos statuso ir šeimos ir valstybės santykių apibrėžimo Lietuvos Konstitucijoje, konceptualių šeimos politikos pagrindų, apibrėžiančių šeimos politikos objektą, tikslus ir veiksmų kryptis ir ES prioritetinių veiklos krypčių integravimo nacionalinėje šeimos politikoje kontekste, taip pat analizuojama šeimos politikos priemonių sistema, sudaranti galimybes tėvams derinti darbą ir šeimos gyvenimą, lyginant ją su kitų Europos šalių priemonių sistemomis. Disertacijoje taip pat pristatomi kiekybinio tyrimo "Požiūris į šeimą", atskleidžiantys sociokultūrinį šeimos politikos formavimo kontekstą bei ekspertų požiūris į šeimos politikos formavimo problemas ir šeimos politikos formavimo galimybes. Pabaigoje pristatomas sisteminio požiūrio į šeimos politikos formavimą modelis.

本研究旨在探討單親就業家長所面臨之工作與家庭平衡問題，並就性別觀點，針對男女單親家長所具有之正式與非正式支持系統差異進行檢視，以進一步探究影響支持其工作與家庭角色平衡之因素。本研究之方法，係以育有未滿18歲未成年子女之十一位單親就業家長為研究對象，包含五位男性與六位女性，採用深度訪談法進行質化資料分析。主要研究結果如下： 一、工作與家庭平衡概況方面：無論男女單親家長均面臨較高的工作與家庭平衡困境，但女性單親家長因家庭角色影響工作角色之程度較男性單親為高，而男性單親家長因工作角色影響家庭角色之程度則較女性單親為高。 二、工作與家庭平衡支持方面：非正式系統中，男性單親獲得工作與家庭角色平衡支持的程度較女性單親為高；正式系統中，男性單親在企業職場獲得較高工作角色支持，而女性單親則是在政府社會服務與結構性非正式系統中獲得較高的工作與家庭平衡支持。 三、工作與家庭平衡能力之影響因素方面：托顧服務及請休假制度均有助於單親家長取得家庭角色之平衡，工作彈性化措施則有助於單親家長取得工作角色之平衡；此外，傳統父系社會觀念直接影響男女單親家長取得非正式系統對支持家庭角色平衡之性別差異，職業取向則間接影響男女單親家長取得企業職場支持工作角色平衡之性別差異。 　　最後，根據上述研究結果，本文參考歐美先進國家之友善單親相關政策與方案，嘗試對政府之社會與勞動部門、非營利之單親服務機構及企業組織，就政策面與實務面分別提出相關改善建議，以供未來研究政策規劃與執行之參考。 關鍵詞：單親家長、工作與家庭平衡、友善家庭政策、社會支持系統、性別差異 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the work and family balance challenges of employed single parents in Taiwan. From the gender perspective, this study also examines the differences between single fathers and single mothers in formal and informal support systems. Further, this thesis explores the impact of the factors which support the single parents to balance their work and family roles. Adopting in-depth interview, this study interviews employed single parents who raise children under 18, including five fathers and six mothers. The main findings of this research are as follows: 1. Both single fathers and mothers face higher work-family balance difficulties, but single mothers’ family-work conflicts are higher than single fathers, while single fathers’ work-family conflicts are higher than single mothers. 2. Single fathers have more informal support resources to the balance of work and family roles than single mothers, and also get more support on job than single mothers from companies. Instead, single mothers get more resources from government’s social services and structured informal system to balance work and family roles than single fathers. 3. Family care service and leave program are both useful to help single parents to obtain the balances between work and family, and the measures of work flexibility are helpful for single parents to balance their job roles. In addition, under the informal systems, the patriarchal concept of traditional Chinese society affects gender differences directly in terms of single parents’ balance of family roles. On the other side, career orientation affects gender differences indirectly to obtain the balance of job roles in companies. According to the study, this thesis makes some suggestions on policy planning and implementation for government's social and labor departments, nonprofit organizations as well as companies. Keywords: single parent, work and family balance, family-friendly policies, social support system, gender difference

This thesis is a case study about the choices and constraints faced by women clerical workers in a labour market where they have very little autonomy in negotiating their pay and conditions of employment. On the one hand, clerical work has developed as a feminised occupation with a history of being low in status and low paid. On the other hand, it is an ideal occupation for women wanting to combine work and family across their life cycle. How these two phenomena impact upon women clerical workers ability to negotiate enterprise agreements is the subject of this thesis. From a theoretical perspective this thesis builds upon Catherine Hakim�s preference theory which explores the choices women clerical workers� make in relation to their work and family lives. Where Hakim�s preference theory focuses on the way in which women use their agency to determine their work and life style choices, this thesis gives equal weighting to the impact of agency and the constraints imposed by external structures such as the availability of part-time work and childcare, as well as the impact of organisational culture. The research data presented was based on face-to-face interviews with forty female clerical workers. The clerical workers ranged in age from 21 to 59 years of age. The respondents were made up of single or partnered women without family responsibilities, women juggling work and family, and women who no longer had dependent children and were approaching retirement. This thesis contends that these clerical workers are ill placed to optimise their conditions of employment under the new industrial regime of enterprise bargaining and individual contracts. Very few of the women were union members and generally they were uninformed about their rights and entitlements.

Annotation: The aim of the thesis " Methods of Social Work in Families with a Child in the Terminal Phase of a Disease" is to answer the basic research question, which reads: "How do the social workers of selected Prague organizations focusing on child palliative care perceive the application of methods of social work with child clients in the terminal stage of the disease? " A partial aim of this thesis is to describe the current state of child palliative care in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this diploma thesis is not to map all the methods of social work that could be used in practice, but to note the seriousness, the topicality of the problems and to point out the different perception of the given situation.

In contemporary society, work and home represent the two most significant domains in the life of working individuals. South Africa’s socioeconomic, political, and societal circumstances will influence employees’ experiences of work-life balance differently, compared to that of employees in other countries, suggesting that the construction of work-life balance amongst different race and cultural groups may differ. The present study used in-depth qualitative interviews with ten black women and men employed in a customer care environment, to explore their construction of work-life balance. A grounded theory approach was used to analyse the data and identify themes. This study suggests that work-life balance is a unique experience for individuals, which varies over time and in different situations. The study confirmed that attaining work-life balance is a process of balancing ever-changing experiences over time, and in different life stages. The results of this study are also discussed in relation to the relevant literature. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)