<p>Due to different engineering background and limited technical prerequisites, trade-offs are needed when managing information in complex product development. The challenges faced with information management for complex product development are as much of organizational as technical character.</p><p>Information management has in this thesis been analyzed from both a technical and organizational dimension in order to obtain an integrated view and holistic understanding. The technical dimension focuses on information management systems, such as product lifecycle management systems. An information management system in itself does not solve problems in an organization; it manages at its best all types of business data while storing and retrieving information. In order to succeed, information management needs to be aligned with different needs and with a variety of domain-specific work procedures. The organizational dimension includes organizational structures, work procedures, and the designer and management perspectives on needs and benefits with information management.</p><p>Perceived benefits with integrated information management are identified as support for SE, work procedure mapping, use of disciplinary support tools, and data integrity and availability. Five technical and organizational key success factors for efficient information management are presented; usability, integration of information, motivation, information structure and organizational support. It is concluded that structured information, management support and motivation among designers are more important than customization of information management systems in order to achieve integrated information management.</p>

Occupational risk management can be a catalyst in generating superior returns for all stakeholders on a sustainable basis. A number of companies in South Africa have implemented Cardinal Rules of Safety adopted from international companies to ensure the safety of their employees. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the cardinal rules on employee safety behaviour implemented at power stations in Mpumalanga. The empirical study was done by using a questionnaire as measuring instrument. The questionnaire was developed from a literature review and contains questions and items relevant to the initial research problem. The questionnaire comprised of five–point Likert scale type questions.The convenience sampling method was applied identifying 90 participants at three different power stations in Mpumalanga taking part in the study. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Consulting Service of the North–West University using SPSS. Cronbach’s alpha co–efficients was used to determine the reliability of the factors. Descriptive statistics (Mean, standard, deviation, were used in the compiling of the profile of the results. While Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was calculated to identify practically significant associations between variables and factors The research findings suggest that there is practical significant correlation between the factors that were measured. The opinion given by respondents suggests that cardinal rules of safety were implemented, given all the necessary support by management and enforced throughout the organisation. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Occupational risk management can be a catalyst in generating superior returns for all stakeholders on a sustainable basis. A number of companies in South Africa have implemented Cardinal Rules of Safety adopted from international companies to ensure the safety of their employees. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the cardinal rules on employee safety behaviour implemented at power stations in Mpumalanga. The empirical study was done by using a questionnaire as measuring instrument. The questionnaire was developed from a literature review and contains questions and items relevant to the initial research problem. The questionnaire comprised of five–point Likert scale type questions.The convenience sampling method was applied identifying 90 participants at three different power stations in Mpumalanga taking part in the study. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Consulting Service of the North–West University using SPSS. Cronbach’s alpha co–efficients was used to determine the reliability of the factors. Descriptive statistics (Mean, standard, deviation, were used in the compiling of the profile of the results. While Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was calculated to identify practically significant associations between variables and factors The research findings suggest that there is practical significant correlation between the factors that were measured. The opinion given by respondents suggests that cardinal rules of safety were implemented, given all the necessary support by management and enforced throughout the organisation. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Bakgrund: Antal personer med fetma i världen har dubblerats mellan åren 1980 - 2014. I Sverige lever nu 14% av befolkningen med fetma. Enligt Folkhälsomyndigheten är fetma en av de sjukdomar som ökar mest i vårt samhälle. Detta är en patientgrupp som är och kommer bli större inom vården. I dagens samhälle finns det en smalhetsnorm där personer med fetma anses som avvikande och det har negativa konsekvenser för primärvården. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sjuksköterskors sätt att arbeta med patienter med fetma inom primärvården. Metod: Litteraturstudien innehåller 8 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Databaserna som har använts är främst Cinahl och PubMed. Respektive artikel har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts med inspiration av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas sätt att arbeta grundade sig i många olika aspekter. Litteraturstudiens resultat har sammanställts i 3 huvudkategorier: samhällsnormens inverkan på sjuksköterskans roll, sjuksköterskans individuella uppgifter och när resurserna inte räcker till. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskorna i primärvården beskriver svårigheter i arbetet med patientgruppen och detta resulterar i en försämrad vård. Ökad utbildning och implementering av riktlinjer i primärvården hade stärkt sjuksköterskornas roll i deras arbetssätt. Nyckelord: fetma, arbetssätt, sjuksköterska, primärvård.

Due to different engineering background and limited technical prerequisites, trade-offs are needed when managing information in complex product development. The challenges faced with information management for complex product development are as much of organizational as technical character. Information management has in this thesis been analyzed from both a technical and organizational dimension in order to obtain an integrated view and holistic understanding. The technical dimension focuses on information management systems, such as product lifecycle management systems. An information management system in itself does not solve problems in an organization; it manages at its best all types of business data while storing and retrieving information. In order to succeed, information management needs to be aligned with different needs and with a variety of domain-specific work procedures. The organizational dimension includes organizational structures, work procedures, and the designer and management perspectives on needs and benefits with information management. Perceived benefits with integrated information management are identified as support for SE, work procedure mapping, use of disciplinary support tools, and data integrity and availability. Five technical and organizational key success factors for efficient information management are presented; usability, integration of information, motivation, information structure and organizational support. It is concluded that structured information, management support and motivation among designers are more important than customization of information management systems in order to achieve integrated information management. / <p>QC 20101112</p>

O objeto deste estudo diz respeito às necessidades de saúde de moradores da área de abrangência da UBS Vila Dalva, do Distrito de Saúde Escola do Butantã, no município de São Paulo. Tomou como referência o modo como essas necessidades são incorporadas aos processos de trabalho dessa unidade. O objetivo geral foi investigar as necessidades de saúde reconhecidas como objeto do trabalho em saúde. Para isso identificou e analisou o que os moradores reconhecem como necessidades de saúde e o que propõem para responder a essas necessidades. Quanto aos trabalhadores da UBS, identificou e analisou o que tomam por objeto do trabalho em saúde. Trabalhadores da UBS Vila Dalva e moradores da área de abrangência da unidade constituíram os sujeitos desta pesquisa. Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada como técnica para a coleta dos dados e a análise temática como estratégia para a apreensão da realidade. A análise permitiu nominar categorias empíricas - necessidade da presença do Estado, necessidades de reprodução social, necessidade de participação política - que responderam como são reconhecidas as necessidades de saúde pelos moradores do território. A análise mostrou que os moradores atribuem ao Estado a responsabilidade pela garantia dos diversos serviços que promovem o bem estar social e a responsabilidade de interpor-se e de regular as relações entre capital e trabalho para promover a reprodução societal regida pelo direito de desfrutar da cidadania. A análise apontou também que os processos de trabalho da unidade têm sido instaurados de maneira prévia ao reconhecimento das necessidades dos grupos sociais homogêneos do território, limitando-se aos agravos e conduzidos pela lógica da política de focalização da atenção à saúde. A superação dessas reduções será viável quando os processos de trabalho forem instaurados a partir do reconhecimento das necessidades de saúde desses grupos, tomando-as pela ótica da saúde coletiva, ou seja, respeitando a concepção da determinação do processo saúde-doença e a conquista política do direito à saúde. / The aim of this study has to do with the health needs of UBS Vila Dalva embracing area residents, of the Butantã Health School District, in São Paulo County. It has taken as reference the way how these needs are incorporated to this unit´s work procedures. The general goal was to investigate the health needs recognized as object of work in health. In order to do that it has identified and analyzed what the residents recognized as health needs and what they propose as answer to these needs. As to the UBS Vila Dalva workers it has identified and analyzed what they take as object of work in health. UBS Vila Dalva workers and residents of the unit´s embracing area constituted the research subjects. The semi-structured interview was used as technique to collect the dada and the thematic analyses as strategy to the reality apprehension. The analyses allowed to nominate empiric categories - State presence needs, social reproduction needs, political participation needs - which answered how the health needs are recognized by the residents of the area. The analyses showed that the residents attribute to the State the responsability for the variety of services garantee which promotes the social well-being and the responsability to interpose itself and to regulate the relations between capital and work in order to promote social reproduction ruled by the right to enjoy citinzenship. The analyses also showed that the units work procedures have been established in a previous manner to the area homogenous social group needs recognition, refraining from the damages and conducted by the attention to health focalization policy logic. The overcoming of these reductions will be practicable when the work procedures are established from the recognition of these groups health needs, under the colective health view, in other words, respecting the conception of the social determination of the health-illness process and the right to health political conquest.

O objeto deste estudo diz respeito às necessidades de saúde de moradores da área de abrangência da UBS Vila Dalva, do Distrito de Saúde Escola do Butantã, no município de São Paulo. Tomou como referência o modo como essas necessidades são incorporadas aos processos de trabalho dessa unidade. O objetivo geral foi investigar as necessidades de saúde reconhecidas como objeto do trabalho em saúde. Para isso identificou e analisou o que os moradores reconhecem como necessidades de saúde e o que propõem para responder a essas necessidades. Quanto aos trabalhadores da UBS, identificou e analisou o que tomam por objeto do trabalho em saúde. Trabalhadores da UBS Vila Dalva e moradores da área de abrangência da unidade constituíram os sujeitos desta pesquisa. Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada como técnica para a coleta dos dados e a análise temática como estratégia para a apreensão da realidade. A análise permitiu nominar categorias empíricas - necessidade da presença do Estado, necessidades de reprodução social, necessidade de participação política - que responderam como são reconhecidas as necessidades de saúde pelos moradores do território. A análise mostrou que os moradores atribuem ao Estado a responsabilidade pela garantia dos diversos serviços que promovem o bem estar social e a responsabilidade de interpor-se e de regular as relações entre capital e trabalho para promover a reprodução societal regida pelo direito de desfrutar da cidadania. A análise apontou também que os processos de trabalho da unidade têm sido instaurados de maneira prévia ao reconhecimento das necessidades dos grupos sociais homogêneos do território, limitando-se aos agravos e conduzidos pela lógica da política de focalização da atenção à saúde. A superação dessas reduções será viável quando os processos de trabalho forem instaurados a partir do reconhecimento das necessidades de saúde desses grupos, tomando-as pela ótica da saúde coletiva, ou seja, respeitando a concepção da determinação do processo saúde-doença e a conquista política do direito à saúde. / The aim of this study has to do with the health needs of UBS Vila Dalva embracing area residents, of the Butantã Health School District, in São Paulo County. It has taken as reference the way how these needs are incorporated to this unit´s work procedures. The general goal was to investigate the health needs recognized as object of work in health. In order to do that it has identified and analyzed what the residents recognized as health needs and what they propose as answer to these needs. As to the UBS Vila Dalva workers it has identified and analyzed what they take as object of work in health. UBS Vila Dalva workers and residents of the unit´s embracing area constituted the research subjects. The semi-structured interview was used as technique to collect the dada and the thematic analyses as strategy to the reality apprehension. The analyses allowed to nominate empiric categories - State presence needs, social reproduction needs, political participation needs - which answered how the health needs are recognized by the residents of the area. The analyses showed that the residents attribute to the State the responsability for the variety of services garantee which promotes the social well-being and the responsability to interpose itself and to regulate the relations between capital and work in order to promote social reproduction ruled by the right to enjoy citinzenship. The analyses also showed that the units work procedures have been established in a previous manner to the area homogenous social group needs recognition, refraining from the damages and conducted by the attention to health focalization policy logic. The overcoming of these reductions will be practicable when the work procedures are established from the recognition of these groups health needs, under the colective health view, in other words, respecting the conception of the social determination of the health-illness process and the right to health political conquest.

Avec le développement des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication, les procédures de travail sont de plus en plus informatisées. Cette informatisation croissante des procédures pose la question de leur acceptation par les travailleurs qui doivent s’approprier de nouvelles manières de faire leur travail. La présente thèse vise à examiner les conditions de l’adoption de technologies véhiculant des procédures de travail par des techniciens de maintenance. Quatre études sont réalisées sur deux terrains de recherche (maintenance aéronautique et maintenance industrielle) avec comme objectif de comprendre comment des techniciens de maintenance perçoivent et utilisent ces procédures de travail informatisées. Deux études sont réalisées dans le domaine aéronautique et visent à investiguer l’acceptabilité sociale ainsi que l’usage de trois nouveaux formats de procédures (animation 3D, 2D et photos) avant leur mise en place au sein des ateliers. L’étude 1 porte sur la perception des nouveaux formats de procédures par des techniciens (N=136). Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les croyances liées à l’utilité et à la facilité d’utilisation sont les principaux prédicteurs de l’intention comportementale. De plus, il semble que les croyances diffèrent en fonction du type de comportement d’utilisation des procédures (utilisation quotidienne ou exceptionnelle). Afin de comprendre les difficultés possibles lors de l’utilisation de ces nouveaux formats, l’étude 2 porte sur la réalisation de tests utilisateurs (N=41). L’objectif est d’étudier l’utilité et l’utilisabilité des nouveaux formats de procédures en comparaison avec le format actuel (texte + image). Les résultats montrent que tous les techniciens réussissent la maintenance, peu importe le format utilisé. De plus, d’une manière générale, les nouveaux formats permettent aux techniciens d’être plus efficients car ils mettent moins de temps avec les nouveaux formats (animation 3D et photos) qu’avec les formats de référence et les erreurs commises au cours de la maintenance sont réduites. Les nouveaux formats, avec la présence d’informations visuelles, facilitent la localisation des informations sur le matériel. Enfin, une grande majorité des techniciens a l’intention d’utiliser les nouveaux formats. Deux autres études sont réalisées dans le domaine de la maintenance industrielle sur l’acceptation et l’usage d’un logiciel de gestion de procédures par les techniciens. Dans ce cadre, l’étude 3 porte sur la perception d’un logiciel en cours d’utilisation par des techniciens de maintenance (N=61). Les résultats font ressortir la croyance liée à la compatibilité perçue comme principal prédicteur de l’attitude, de l’intention comportementale et de l’utilisation effective du logiciel. Afin d’investiguer l’usage réel du logiciel, l’étude 4 porte sur l’analyse de l’activité de 8 techniciens issus de quatre ateliers (observation filmée et entretien). Les résultats montrent que le logiciel est adapté pour une partie seulement des techniciens. En effet, il semble représenter un frein pour les techniciens expérimentés et moyennement expérimentés dans le sens ils sont contraints dans l’utilisation du logiciel (impossibilité de naviguer librement entre les étapes). Cependant, le logiciel se révèle être une aide précieuse pour les techniciens inexpérimentés (support d’aide, aide à la formation…). Des recommandations sont émises en vue d’améliorer la conception des logiciels étudiés. Notamment des améliorations dans la conception des trois nouveaux formats de procédures de maintenance aéronautique sont suggérées (adapter le format à la tâche réalisée, améliorer l’ergonomie de la tablette tactile…). Dans le deuxième cas, nous formulons des recommandations afin de modifier le logiciel de gestion de procédures et de le rendre plus compatible avec le travail des techniciens (mise en place d’un mode expert, faciliter la recherche d’information, naviguer librement entre les étapes…). / With the development of new information and communication technologies, working procedures are increasingly computerized. This increasing computerization of working procedures raises the question of their acceptance by workers who have to appropriate new ways of doing their work. The present thesis aims to examine the conditions for the adoption of technologies conveying work procedures by maintenance technicians. Four studies are carried out on two fields of research (aeronautical maintenance and industrial maintenance) with the aim of understanding how maintenance technicians perceive and use these computerized working procedures. Two studies are carried out in the field of aeronautics and aim to investigate the social acceptability and the use of three new formats of procedures (3D animation, 2D and photos) before they are set up in the workshops. Study 1 examines the perception of new procedure formats by technicians (N = 136). The results of this study show that beliefs related to usefulness and ease of use are the main predictors of behavioral intention. In addition, it appears that beliefs differ depending on the type of use behavior of the procedures (daily or exceptional use). In order to understand the possible difficulties in using these new formats, Study 2 concerns the realization of user tests (N = 41). The aim is to study the usefulness and usability of the new procedural formats compared to the current format (text + image). The results show that all technicians succeed in maintenance, regardless of the format used. In addition, in general, new formats allow technicians to be more efficient because they take less time with new formats (3D animation and photos) than with reference formats and so errors made during maintenance are reduced. The new formats, with the presence of visual information, facilitate the location of the information on the equipment. Finally, a large majority of technicians intend to use the new formats. Two other studies are carried out in the field of industrial maintenance on the acceptance and use of a management of procedures software by the technicians. In this framework, study 3 concerns the perception of software in use by maintenance technicians (N = 61). The results highlight the belief in perceived compatibility as the main predictor of attitude, behavioral intention, and actual use of the software. In order to investigate the actual use of the software, study 4 deals with the analysis of the activity of 8 technicians from four workshops (filmed observation and interview). The results show that the software is suitable for only some of the technicians. Indeed, it seems to represent a brake for experienced technicians and moderately experienced technicians in the sense they are constrained in the use of the software (impossibility to navigate freely between the steps). However, the software proves to be a valuable help for inexperienced technicians (help support, training aid ...). Recommendations are made to improve the design of the software studied. In particular, improvements in the design of the three new formats of aeronautical maintenance procedures are suggested (adapting the format to the task carried out, improving the ergonomics of the touch pad...). In the second case, we make recommendations to modify the procedure management software and make it more compatible with the work of the technicians (setting up an expert mode, facilitating the search for information, navigating freely between steps …).