Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera arbetsmotivation på företaget Norstedts Juridik och att ge underlag för förbättringsarbete. Utvärderingen gjordes med hjälp av en modell för arbetsmotivation, som konstruerades med grund i teori och tidigare forskning. Modellen innefattade åtta dimensioner som tillsammans antogs utgöra arbetsmotivation. Dessa dimensioner var variation, autonomi, signifikans, feedback, utvecklingsmöjligheter, tillhörighet och lojalitet, lön och belöningssystem samt work- life balance. Dimensionerna analyserades i förhållande till de tre bakgrundsvariablerna kön, anställningstid och arbetsenhet och resultaten behandlades i statistikprogrammet SPSS. En kvantitativ studie genomfördes med hjälp av en enkätundersökning. Resultatet visade att arbetsmotivationen på Norstedts Juridik i allmänhet är hög. Högst medelvärde har dimensionerna autonomi och signifikans. Därefter följer tillhörighet och lojalitet samt feedback. Lägst medelvärden har dimensionerna work- life balance och utvecklingsmöjligheter. I en separat fråga rangordnade medarbetarna på Norstedts Juridik dimensionerna autonomi, utvecklingsmöjligheter och work- life balance som viktigast. I analysen framkom skillnader i upplevd arbetsmotivation mellan olika grupper på företaget. Fyra signifikanta samband framkom: anställningstid påverkar upplevd utvecklingsmöjlighet och arbetsenhet påverkar upplevd feedback, upplevd tillhörighet och lojalitet samt upplevd work- life balance. Bakgrundsvariabeln kön påverkade inte arbetsmotivationen. Med hjälp av de fyra sambanden kunde rekommendationer göras för riktade insatser i arbetet med att ytterligare förbättra medarbetarbetarnas arbetsmotivation. / This thesis aimed to evaluate work motivation at Norstedts Juridik, a Swedish publishing house. The evaluation was based on a proprietary model, which was built upon theory and previous research. The model design contained eight dimensions adopted to give a complete picture of work motivation. The dimensions were variation, autonomy, significance, feedback, opportunities for development, organizational commitment and work- life balance. The analyses of responses from 127 employees of Norstedts Juridik were analyzed along gender, length of employment and business unit. The result indicated an elevated level of work motivation at Norstedts Juridik. The dimensions autonomy and significance had the highest mean values, followed by organizational commitment and feedback. The lowest mean values were found on the dimensions work- life balance and opportunities for development. In a separate question, the employees at Norstedts Juridik were asked to rate the importance of the dimensions. The analysis showed that the dimensions rated as most important were autonomy, opportunities for development and work- life balance. The result also showed differences in experienced work motivation within the company. Four significant correlations were revealed; length of employment affects experienced opportunities for development and business unit affects feedback, organizational commitment and work- life balance. Work motivation was not affected by gender. The four correlations became the basis for recommendations on how to improve working conditions even further at Norstedts Juridik.

This study primarily explores the effect of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited¡¦s implementation of 50 work hours per week on employee work performance and work quality satisfaction. After literature review, this study establishes three propositions, two basic hypotheses, and uses employees at the Southern Taiwan Science Park Fourteenth Factory as the population, the departments as the stratification standards in stratified random sampling. After statistical analysis, this study arrives at the following conclusions: 1. Shortened work hours have a significant positive influence on work satisfaction. 2. Shortened work hours have a significant positive influence on work performance. The result shows that a 50-hour work per week would elevate employees¡¦ work performance and work satisfaction.

Abstract The development of the nutritionist will be twenty years in Taiwan. The role of nutritionist is changed from meals management of group to education and consulting of nutrition in the period of the prosperous eighties till now. In the meantime, the top ten causes of death are changed from emergency medical case to chromic disease in Taiwan. The custom of weight reduction is spread over Taiwan in the eighties. The general public is eager to receive the instruction of nutritionist. However, the diet therapy of various chromic diseases takes place of weight reduction that is gradually disappeared in Taiwan now. The nutritionist still play important role in maintenance of healthy group and preventive medicine. There are few local researches to be related with the nutritionist. I hope to achieve the effect of promotion by means of this research. There are three destinations in this research. One, the occupational commitment of local nutritionist is understood. Two, the factor is ascertained by the influence of occupational commitment of local nutritionist. Third, the relationship between occupational commitment and leave attitude is confirmed. The researcher initially discusses how viewpoint and expectation of nutritionist is influenced by various occupations through individual interview. And then the evidential research structure and questionnaire is developed to investigate occupational commitment and its influence factors of local occupational nutritionist. The result of research is listed below: 1. Occupational commitment is evident relevant to the gender, position of occupation and location of occupation that is belongs to the variation factors of nutritionist. Among the investigation, occupational commitment of female is stronger that the occupational commitment of male, and occupational commitment of manager is stronger that occupational commitment of non-manager, nutritionist of body fitness center gives much commitment than the nutritionist of hospital, school and other location. 2. Occupational commitment is negative evident relevant to locus of control that is one influence factor of occupational commitment. Occupational commitment is positive evident relevant to work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment and feeling of external environment. The employee that has personality of self-control has more occupational commitment. Occupational commitment of nutritionist can be enhanced by the positive influence factors of occupational commitments. 3. Sentimental commitment is stronger and standard commitment is weak between the occupational commitments of nutritionist. Work satisfaction is much influenced by sentimental commitment. The human resource manager of nutritionist urgently implements the various policies to enhance work satisfaction. 4. Work performance is evident positive relevant to occupational commitments, especially the relevance of sentimental commitment is much evident. Leave attitude is evident negative relevant to occupational commitments. The higher occupational commitment of nutritionist has the better work performance and poor leave attitude. Key words: occupational commitments, locus of control, work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment, work performance, leave attitude.

Abstract Studies on the Relationship between Job Characteristics Model and Work Satisfaction the employee in a national university as a research objective In universities, employees are the heart of administrative actions and human resources, in particular, they are the front-runners in lifting competition. Therefore, the sensational degree of work satisfaction in employees will affect the degree that individuals participate in an organization. Based on the job characteristics model shown by Hackman and Oldham¡]1975¡^, when job characteristics is affected by certain psychological status, employees will be chain-reacted in the results of individuals and work. The study has based on the related research that domestic and international scholars perform in the relationship between job characteristics and work satisfaction. It is also based on the organizational promise, work pressure and human relationship as individual variables to study the connection between job characteristics and work satisfaction of a national university employee. The following results have been found: 1. University employees are directly and significantly affected or differences in organizational commitment, human relationship and work satisfaction due to differences of job characteristics. 2. Indirect and significant effects were found among organizational commitment, human relationship and work satisfaction, when job characteristics are studied in work satisfaction through these three variables. In summary, based on the findings of this study, ¡¨humans¡¨ are reminded to be the heart of organizational competition in the school¡¦s every management levels. Only the importance of the organizational human resources is attentioned and they are combined with organizational mission, the possibility to achieve expected effectiveness and goals in organizational overall competition can be made. Key words: Job characteristics, work satisfaction, organizational commitment, human relationship

Känslan av att man alltid ska vara produktiv är medfödd hos oss människor. Att få de anställda att vara motiverade och därmed prestera bra på arbetet är något som blivit en utmaning för arbetsgivarna, eftersom många arbetstagare numera söker arbetstillfredsställelse på andra sätt än bara genom det faktum att man får lön för mödan. För att undersöka huruvida arbetsmotivationen skiljer sig beroende på kön, tjänst och arbetslivserfarenhet genomfördes en enkätundersökning på ett medelstort svenskt företag. Enkäten innehöll fem frågeområden som tillsammans mäter arbetsmotivation. Deltagare var 64 anställda, varav 48 män och 16 kvinnor. Resultaten visade att män värderade engagemang högre än kvinnor gällande arbetsmotivation. I övrigt visade resultaten inga signifikanta skillnader i arbetsmotivation mellan grupperna vilket kan tolkas som att de anställda på det aktuella företaget utgjorde en homogen grupp med likvärdig arbetsmotivation.

Tidigare forskning pekar på att medarbetare bland annat motiveras av balans mellan insats och belöning, förväntningar som är förenliga med organisationens visioner och instrumentell motivation. Åsikterna i forskningen skiljer sig åt i hur anställningsform påverkar graden av arbetstillfredsställelse. Syftet med studien var att, genom en kvantitativ metod, undersöka graden av arbetsmotivation hos lagermedarbetare. Detta utifrån Herzbergs hygien- och motivationsfaktorer. På platsen för studien hade sjukfrånvaron de senare åren ökat och organisationen var under en implementeringsfas av Lean production. Vidare diskuteras kring anställningsvillkors betydelse för motivation. Resultatet i studien visade att motivationen var högst bland de yngre medarbetarna som var tillfälligt anställda. Genom de öppna frågorna i enkäten framkom att arbetstiderna var en besvärande faktor på arbetsplatsen och att arbetskamrater ansågs som en positiv faktor. Organisationen AB bör öka dess autonomi över arbetstider och bör visa på utvecklingsmöjligheter för medarbetarna.

Given the positive benefits of physical activity, workplaces have made many attempts to increase physical activity levels of sedentary employees, typically through the use of an exercise intervention. The main purpose of the present research was to investigate whether the simple act of supplying employees engaged primarily in sedentary office-type work, who were intent on becoming physically active, with a tool capable of measuring walking activity (a pedometer) would enhance their physical activity levels over an eight-week period. As predicted, those who received a pedometer reported a significant increase in physical activity from Time 1 to Time 2, while those who did not reported no change. Furthermore, changes in physical activity levels were found to be negatively correlated with perceived barriers to physical activity at Time 1 and also with changes in perceived barriers over the eight-week period. These findings offer a simple and cost-effective alternative to traditional exercise interventions and highlight the importance of reducing barriers to physical activity to increase success when implementing future physical activity initiatives. No relationships between changes to physical activity and life satisfaction, job satisfaction or work-related stress were found. Implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Forskning har visat att vilken typ av kontorsmiljö ett företag har påverkar medarbetarnas välmående och arbetstillfredsställelse. Det har även påvisats ett samband mellan arbetstillfredsställelse och de anställdas produktivitet. Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur införandet av ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor kan upplevas av de berörda medarbetarna och hur de upplever att deras arbetssätt, arbetstillfredsställelse och produktivitet förändrats. I aktivitetsbaserade kontor är alla arbetsplatser gemensamma och medarbetarna väljer arbetsplats beroende på typ av arbetsuppgift. Studien är utförd på ett stort industriföretag i Västsverige som infört aktivitetsbaserat arbetssätt. Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 tjänstemän vilka bestod av lika många män som kvinnor. Analysen gjordes genom en deduktiv innehållsanalys. Införandet av aktivitetsbaserat kontor har resulterat i ökad kommunikation och ökat samarbete mellan avdelningar och medarbetare. Medarbetarna upplever lika eller en ökad arbetstillfredsställelse och produktivitet i den nya miljön. Författaren upplever införandet av aktivitetsbaserat kontor som framgångsrikt.

The current process of continuous change in South Africa causes that the outdoor instructor and recreation services are confronted with a variety of demands: the demand for better service delivery, more comprehensive and multi-purpose programs, higher training requirement in practice, better facilities, more expected outcomes by the consumer and a safer environment. Further challenges for the outdoor instructor include long work hours, consecutive camps and intense programs during which high risk and responsibility form part of the work circumstances of the outdoor instructor. Responsibility includes the physical, emotional, social and spiritual welfare of both the outdoor instructors and the participants. Pressure on the adventure organisation/-centre and the outdoor instructor to provide in the expected need can lead to several different factors (organizational policy and procedures; specific work aspects; personality factors) influencing the outdoor instructor's work experience with regard to satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Work satisfaction or work dissatisfaction is an emotional attitude that indicates the extent to which the individual's needs and expectations within the work environment are satisfied. The extent to which these needs are satisfied, can play a role in the staff turn-over amongst outdoor instructors in other words, the permanent withdrawal of a worker from a worker organisation. A qualitative research design has been employed to determine the experienced relation between the personal and organizational factors that influence the work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor. From the available population of seven adventure organizations within the Gauteng and North-West Provinces, participants were selected by way of a probability selection. Eleven outdoor instructors agreed to take part in the study and were questioned through the use of semi-structured interview based on an interview schedule. The data was analysed after completion of the interviews based on Tesch and Giorgi's methods of content analysis. Results were evaluated from literature and based on the results, the conclusion can be reached that outdoor instructors experience the work as positive with regard to personality factors if the work falls within the outdoor instructor's interest and work ethics. Most outdoor instructors seemed to experience the work as negative with regard to the organisation policy and procedures, as well as certain work aspects. In cases where the outdoor instructors' work satisfaction was low, it had the potential to lead to high staff turn-over. There is in other words a relation between the work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor and his experience with regard to values, field of interest and organisational factors. With regard to this study and the findings, three hypotheses are accepted. Guidelines were formulated in addition to the conclusions regarding recreation research, recreation teaching and recreation practice. These guidelines contribute to the improvement of the work satisfaction of outdoor instructors and the lowering of staff turn-over at adventure organizations. The guidelines indicate further adjustments which organisations can make to keep outdoor instructors. These guidelines include the following: Guidelines to improve the experience relation between organisation environment and work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor with regard to work routines, terrain, finances, staff, time and organisational approach. There are also guidelines to improve the relation between field of interest, work ethics and work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor. / Thesis (M.A. (Recreation Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

The current process of continuous change in South Africa causes that the outdoor instructor and recreation services are confronted with a variety of demands: the demand for better service delivery, more comprehensive and multi-purpose programs, higher training requirement in practice, better facilities, more expected outcomes by the consumer and a safer environment. Further challenges for the outdoor instructor include long work hours, consecutive camps and intense programs during which high risk and responsibility form part of the work circumstances of the outdoor instructor. Responsibility includes the physical, emotional, social and spiritual welfare of both the outdoor instructors and the participants. Pressure on the adventure organisation/-centre and the outdoor instructor to provide in the expected need can lead to several different factors (organizational policy and procedures; specific work aspects; personality factors) influencing the outdoor instructor's work experience with regard to satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Work satisfaction or work dissatisfaction is an emotional attitude that indicates the extent to which the individual's needs and expectations within the work environment are satisfied. The extent to which these needs are satisfied, can play a role in the staff turn-over amongst outdoor instructors in other words, the permanent withdrawal of a worker from a worker organisation. A qualitative research design has been employed to determine the experienced relation between the personal and organizational factors that influence the work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor. From the available population of seven adventure organizations within the Gauteng and North-West Provinces, participants were selected by way of a probability selection. Eleven outdoor instructors agreed to take part in the study and were questioned through the use of semi-structured interview based on an interview schedule. The data was analysed after completion of the interviews based on Tesch and Giorgi's methods of content analysis. Results were evaluated from literature and based on the results, the conclusion can be reached that outdoor instructors experience the work as positive with regard to personality factors if the work falls within the outdoor instructor's interest and work ethics. Most outdoor instructors seemed to experience the work as negative with regard to the organisation policy and procedures, as well as certain work aspects. In cases where the outdoor instructors' work satisfaction was low, it had the potential to lead to high staff turn-over. There is in other words a relation between the work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor and his experience with regard to values, field of interest and organisational factors. With regard to this study and the findings, three hypotheses are accepted. Guidelines were formulated in addition to the conclusions regarding recreation research, recreation teaching and recreation practice. These guidelines contribute to the improvement of the work satisfaction of outdoor instructors and the lowering of staff turn-over at adventure organizations. The guidelines indicate further adjustments which organisations can make to keep outdoor instructors. These guidelines include the following: Guidelines to improve the experience relation between organisation environment and work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor with regard to work routines, terrain, finances, staff, time and organisational approach. There are also guidelines to improve the relation between field of interest, work ethics and work satisfaction of the outdoor instructor. / Thesis (M.A. (Recreation Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.