Modernist perspectives on work and leisure rooted within the post-war period have reflected a differentiated relationship between work and leisure (Parker, 1971; 1983; Wilensky, 1960). The impacts of globalization, de-regulation of the labour market and the rise of flexible accumulation of capital have altered traditional modernist notions of work and leisure (Rojek, 1995; 2001; 2005b; Schor, 1992). Recent literature demonstrates the manner in which leisure is re-appraised in the postmodern context (Blackshaw, 2010; Rojek, 1995; 2001; 2010b), providing new ways of understanding how leisure can engage with work (Bowers, 2011; Guerrier & Adib, 2009; Ravenscroft & Gilchrist, 2009). This dissertation examines meaningful work and its relationship to leisure amongst professional and knowledge workers in a not-for-profit and public sector organization. Three areas of investigation were pursued using qualitative approaches, consisting of in-depth semi-structured interviews. Article one comparatively examined experiences of meaningful work amongst workers from both organizations, and the extent to which experiences aligned to what is understood as a ‘liquid work’ organization (Clegg & Baumeler, 2010; Poder, 2007). Through an analysis of the factors that promote and hinder satisfaction, workplace satisfaction was primarily found within the not-for-profit sector organization, which more closely reflected a ‘liquid work’ organization. Article two examines leisure’s engagement with satisfying and productive forms of work through what is understood as a form of ‘civil labour’ (Rojek, 2001). Through an analysis of workers’ feelings towards work, different levels of engagement offer the potential for leisure to engage in productive and satisfying work. This was primarily evident amongst not-for-profit workers, whose engagement in work provided opportunities for developing social and cultural capital. Finally, article three examines the extent to which a de-differentiation of work and leisure (Rojek, 1993; 1995) is taking place amongst workers in the two settings. In comparatively examining workers’ perceptions of work and leisure, it is evident that a differentiation still exists. The discussion focuses on the relevance of workers’ experiences of work in producing different ways of understanding leisure in relation to work. The concluding chapter presents an integration of three articles, limitations, alternative methods and proposals for future research.

Modernist perspectives on work and leisure rooted within the post-war period have reflected a differentiated relationship between work and leisure (Parker, 1971; 1983; Wilensky, 1960). The impacts of globalization, de-regulation of the labour market and the rise of flexible accumulation of capital have altered traditional modernist notions of work and leisure (Rojek, 1995; 2001; 2005b; Schor, 1992). Recent literature demonstrates the manner in which leisure is re-appraised in the postmodern context (Blackshaw, 2010; Rojek, 1995; 2001; 2010b), providing new ways of understanding how leisure can engage with work (Bowers, 2011; Guerrier & Adib, 2009; Ravenscroft & Gilchrist, 2009). This dissertation examines meaningful work and its relationship to leisure amongst professional and knowledge workers in a not-for-profit and public sector organization. Three areas of investigation were pursued using qualitative approaches, consisting of in-depth semi-structured interviews. Article one comparatively examined experiences of meaningful work amongst workers from both organizations, and the extent to which experiences aligned to what is understood as a ‘liquid work’ organization (Clegg & Baumeler, 2010; Poder, 2007). Through an analysis of the factors that promote and hinder satisfaction, workplace satisfaction was primarily found within the not-for-profit sector organization, which more closely reflected a ‘liquid work’ organization. Article two examines leisure’s engagement with satisfying and productive forms of work through what is understood as a form of ‘civil labour’ (Rojek, 2001). Through an analysis of workers’ feelings towards work, different levels of engagement offer the potential for leisure to engage in productive and satisfying work. This was primarily evident amongst not-for-profit workers, whose engagement in work provided opportunities for developing social and cultural capital. Finally, article three examines the extent to which a de-differentiation of work and leisure (Rojek, 1993; 1995) is taking place amongst workers in the two settings. In comparatively examining workers’ perceptions of work and leisure, it is evident that a differentiation still exists. The discussion focuses on the relevance of workers’ experiences of work in producing different ways of understanding leisure in relation to work. The concluding chapter presents an integration of three articles, limitations, alternative methods and proposals for future research.

Using a feminist, autoethnographic methodology and in depth interviews with twenty-three participants, I sought to better understand the meaning of family memory keeping for women and their families through this research, paying particular attention to the ways that dominant gender ideologies shape family memory and the act of preserving family memory. This research also endeavoured to explore those instances wherein families lose that memory keeper due to memory loss, absence, or death. Interviews revealed that, despite its absence from the literature, women’s family memory keeping is a valuable form of gendered labour – and leisure – that makes significant individual, familial, and social contributions, while simultaneously reproducing dominant gender ideologies and gendered constructions of fatherhood, motherhood, and the family. Through an exploration of the loss of a mother’s memory due to illness, death, or absence, this study also demonstrated the loss of a mother’s memory is both deeply felt, and deeply gendered. However, this study illustrated participants challenging these dominant gender ideologies, as well, and using family memory keeping as a way to resist, critique, and cope. As such, this study speaks to the absence of women’s family memory keeping from the gendered work, leisure studies, social construction, and loss literature, contributing a better understanding of both the activity itself and the gendered ideologies that shape the activity, as well. Not only does this study speak to gaps in existing literature, but findings make fresh theoretical contributions to this literature through three new concepts: the notion of the good mother as the “remembering mother”, the concept of “compliance leisure”, and the re-envisioning of women’s unpaid labour as contributing to “the homing of the home”. And with these contributions to the literature, this research also provides valuable insight for professionals working to improve policy and services surrounding postpartum care, individual and family therapy, caregiving, extended care, and palliative care.

Using a feminist, autoethnographic methodology and in depth interviews with twenty-three participants, I sought to better understand the meaning of family memory keeping for women and their families through this research, paying particular attention to the ways that dominant gender ideologies shape family memory and the act of preserving family memory. This research also endeavoured to explore those instances wherein families lose that memory keeper due to memory loss, absence, or death. Interviews revealed that, despite its absence from the literature, women’s family memory keeping is a valuable form of gendered labour – and leisure – that makes significant individual, familial, and social contributions, while simultaneously reproducing dominant gender ideologies and gendered constructions of fatherhood, motherhood, and the family. Through an exploration of the loss of a mother’s memory due to illness, death, or absence, this study also demonstrated the loss of a mother’s memory is both deeply felt, and deeply gendered. However, this study illustrated participants challenging these dominant gender ideologies, as well, and using family memory keeping as a way to resist, critique, and cope. As such, this study speaks to the absence of women’s family memory keeping from the gendered work, leisure studies, social construction, and loss literature, contributing a better understanding of both the activity itself and the gendered ideologies that shape the activity, as well. Not only does this study speak to gaps in existing literature, but findings make fresh theoretical contributions to this literature through three new concepts: the notion of the good mother as the “remembering mother”, the concept of “compliance leisure”, and the re-envisioning of women’s unpaid labour as contributing to “the homing of the home”. And with these contributions to the literature, this research also provides valuable insight for professionals working to improve policy and services surrounding postpartum care, individual and family therapy, caregiving, extended care, and palliative care.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Cette thèse répond à un double objectif : analyser théoriquement, à l’aide d’un modèle d’arbitrage travail-loisir, la réaction du temps de travail du médecin aux différents modes de rémunération lorsque seul le nombre de consultations et de patients peut faire l’objet d’un contrat entre le médecin et sa tutelle ; et observer empiriquement comment le temps de travail des médecins généralistes français évoluerait suite à une revalorisation du tarif de la consultation si l’on tient compte de leurs différents registres de motivations.Dans la première partie, nous présentons tout d’abord le modèle nous servant de base pour analyser l’offre de travail des médecins généralistes dans différents contextes (chapitre 1). Ensuite, nous montrons comment celui-ci peut être « enrichi » pour analyser les problèmes d’inégalités de santé, à travers le choix du médecin en termes de durée de consultation (chapitre 2). Enfin, nous analysons théoriquement comment l’offre de travail des médecins réagit à un choc de vieillissement de la population, selon le schéma de paiement en vigueur, paiement à l’acte ou capitation (chapitre 3).Dans la seconde partie, nous présentons tout d’abord une revue de littérature retraçant l’émergence du concept de motivation intrinsèque en économie de la santé (chapitre 4). Ensuite, nous regardons comment la théorie standard de l’offre de travail peut intégrer l’interaction possible entre les motivations intrinsèques et extrinsèques (chapitre 5). Enfin,nous cherchons à identifier empiriquement l’existence possible d’un effet contreproductif des incitations économiques sur les motivations intrinsèques, dans le champ de la promotion de la santé (chapitre 6). / This PhD dissertation has a twofold objective: to theoretically analyse, by using a workleisure trade-off model, the sensibility of physician’s working time to different payment systems when only the number of consultations and patients are contractible; and to empirically observe how French GP’s working time would change if consultation fee increased, in the specific case where different range of human motives are considered.The first part is dedicated to the presentation of the main properties of the basic model we use to study the labour supply behaviour of self-employed GPs in various contexts (chapter 1). Then, we show how this model can be ‘fitted’ to deal with the issue of health inequalities through physician’s choice in terms of consultation length (chapter 2). Finally, we theoretically investigate how physicians’ labour supply reacts to a population ageing shock, according to the effective payment scheme - fee-for service or capitation (chapter 3). The second part presents a survey on the emergence of the concept of intrinsic motivations in health economics aiming at specifying the theoretical background with which the remainder of our work is in line (chapter 4). Next, we explore how standard labour supply theory can integrate intrinsic motivations as a key determinant of human behaviour and, more especially, the effect of extrinsic incentives on the former in the field of general practice (chapter 5). Lastly, we intend to check, from an empirical perspective, if economic incentives can have a detrimental effect on intrinsic motivations in the particular field of health promotion, by using two different strategies (chapter 6).

The aim of this study is to present an examination of the philosophies of Aristotle, Karl Marx and Herbert Marcuse concerning labor and leisure in the context of freedom. These philosophers have paid attention to the concepts labor and leisure / their view of freedom is dependent on the relationship they have established between labor and leisure. To this end, I firstly give a general overview of the concepts labor, leisure and freedom / afterwards, I try to show how these concepts have been considered in the history of thought. I examine the concepts labor and leisure in Aristotle&rsquo / s political and ethical thought. I discuss the connection between Aristotle&rsquo / s perfect state and his view of ethics in the context of labor and leisure, and the relation between best way of life and freedom in Aristotle is presented. Next, I analyze Karl Marx&rsquo / s view of human nature and his theory of estrangement. I investigate the condition of labor and leisure in the capitalist society from Marx&rsquo / s point of view / and consider Marxian conceptions &ldquo / the realm of freedom&rdquo / and &ldquo / the realm of necessity&rdquo / is considered in context of labor and leisure. Lastly, I analyze Herbert Marcuse&rsquo / s critique of the advanced industrial society and the thoughts on &ldquo / one dimensional man&rdquo / it creates. I dwelled on the possibilities of technological developments, and the changes they bring about concerning labor and leisure, both as means of servitude and freedom. In the conclusion, I give a brief summary, and consider the similarities and differences among the views of Aristotle, Karl Marx and Herbert Marcuse concerning labor, leisure and freedom.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T16:53:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia de Sa.pdf: 3322298 bytes, checksum: 8b68541a3b9ee8274727549299da07a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-10T20:20:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia de Sa.pdf: 3322298 bytes, checksum: 8b68541a3b9ee8274727549299da07a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T20:20:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Katia de Sa.pdf: 3322298 bytes, checksum: 8b68541a3b9ee8274727549299da07a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Esta tese trata da investigação de determinações advindas das relações trabalho-capital, trabalho-lazer, trabalho-produção do conhecimento, trabalho-formação de professores e das categorias práxis social, alienação e luta de classes. Encontra-se integrada ao Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Educação Física, Esportes e Lazer – LEPEL, da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, que estuda e pesquisa problemáticas significativas que envolvem a formação de professores, a produção de conhecimento, o trabalho pedagógica e as políticas educacionais, que têm impacto na incorrigível lógica do capital sobre a educação no Brasil. Situa-se entre os estudos que investigam o objeto a partir de categorias e leis da dialética, enquanto lógico e teoria do conhecimento histórico. Levanta enquanto pergunta científico-investigativa: Quais os pressupostos ontológicos da produção do conhecimento lazer da pós-graduação em Educação Física no Brasil, considerando o período de 1972 a 2008 e que relações, nexos e contradições estabelecem no currículo de formação do professor de Educação Física da Região Nordeste, em vista a necessidade e as possibilidades de apontar pressupostos ontológicos de uma práxis do trabalho-lazer, cujo projeto histórico de sociedade seja o comunismo. É uma pesquisa documental que desenvolve em sua metodologia: 1. Levantamento de fundamentos teóricos bibliográficos; 2. Levantamento e análise de dissertações e teses sobre o conhecimento lazer no Brasil – 1972 a 2008; 3. Levantamento e análise do programa da disciplina Recreação I do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da FACED/UFBA. Levanta uma hipótese em três fundamentos: 1. A concepção dos pressupostos ontológicos existentes na produção e organização do conhecimento do lazer produzido na pós-graduação não considera as formações econômicas como determinantes do ser social e suas relações de produção. 2. A lógica de modelo neoliberal que vem sendo instituída nas universidades, que se produz e reproduz a partir do trato com o conhecimento da pós-graduação, por não estabelecer uma produção rigorosa de análise crítica sobre trabalho/capital, trabalho-lazer na formação econômica capitalista, torna-se elemento mediador acrítico nos fundamentos teóricos das disciplinas dos currículos de graduação de professores de Educação Física; 3. A formação de professores de Educação Física não se compromete com uma consistente base teórica voltada para o trabalhador concebido como sujeito social. Aponta nas considerações finais que em 90% da produção, os pesquisadores desconhecem os objetos da realidade concreta do mundo, considerando a identificação e domínio de suas leis em desenvolvimento; desconsideram nos estudos um modo que não seja o ditado pelo capital; ao generalizar a práxis social do lazer exercem sobre a realidade do mundo uma influência recíproca, não contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento em vista a outras possibilidades superadoras. Portanto, as proposições superadoras devem ser colocadas em três graus de complexidade: 1. o que cabe as esferas governamentais – o poder público; 2. o que cabe nas esferas das organizações de classe – a luta que transcende a própria universidade; 3. o que cabe na esfera da autonomia universitária e portanto no projeto da instituição, do curso e do programa dos professores. É dentro do enfrentamento concreto na luta de classes, considerando o que aponta a ontologia do ser social, que encontramos os indicadores de que somos sujeitos da história e podemos orientar ações – teleologia – para a construção de outro projeto histórico, outra formação econômica, outro modo de vida. E podemos fazer isto na produção do conhecimento científico e nas disciplinas que orientamos na graduação de cursos de formação de professores de Educação Física que terão como campo de atuação profissional e de desenvolvimento do trabalho pedagógico e como objeto de estudo o par dialético “Trabalho-Lazer”. / Salvador

This thesis deals with the refugees in detention centres in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to describe and suggest educational and training aims for them. Theoretical part outlines the situation of migration in the Czech Republic, detention centres for refugees and their typical psychological problems. It accounts the educational aims from the point of view of common theory of education and leisure time education. The practical part describes the life of refugees in the detention centre in Kostelec nad Orlicí, their activities in leisure time and relations between the employees and clients of the centre. The refugees are seen as social workers´ and educators´ clients. The interviews with the employees of the detention centre are qualitatively analysed, attention is paid both to their activities and to their private aims at work and so the educational aims for the pedagogical workers dealing with refugees are formulated.

Les entreprises du secteur touristique doivent constamment améliorer la qualité de leurs prestations pour satisfaire leurs clients devenus de plus en plus exigeants et pour rester compétitives. Le rôle du personnel en contact est donc primordial pour assurer un niveau de qualité de service élevé, y compris dans le secteur hôtelier (Haynes et Fryer, 2000). Bien que les conditions de travail des personnels travaillant dans le secteur hôtelier soient difficiles (Kim et al., 2007), très peu de chercheurs se sont intéressés à leurs effets sur le stress et sur la qualité de service. L’originalité de ce travail doctoral réside donc dans le fait qu’elle s’intéresse à analyser ces effets. Plus précisément, cette recherche vise à analyser les incidences des conditions de travail, définies en termes d’exigences et de ressources, sur le stress professionnel, au travers du conflit travail-famille, en intégrant les caractéristiques individuelles et le type d’hôtel en tant que variables modératrices. En outre, nous avons pour objectif d’examiner le rôle médiateur du conflit travail-loisirs, qui est un nouveau concept, entre les conditions de travail et le stress professionnel. Finalement, cette étude a l’ambition d’examiner les effets indirects des conditions de travail sur la qualité de service perçue via le stress professionnel. Aucune recherche antérieure n’a traité de telle relation ce qui constitue une autre originalité de notre recherche doctorale. La théorie de la conservation des ressources d’Hobfoll (1989) ainsi que ses principes de « spirale de pertes », de « spirale de gains » et de « resource caravan passageways » (Hobfoll, 2011, 2012, 2014) nous servent d’ancrages théoriques pour expliquer les différentes relations testées dans notre modèle de recherche. Une étude a été menée auprès de 648 personnels en contact, dans le secteur hôtelier en France. Les résultats des analyses des équations structurelles démontrent des effets positifs directs des exigences du travail sur le stress et des effets négatifs directs des ressources du travail sur le stress. Ils attestent également que le stress a un effet négatif sur la qualité de service. Quant aux effets de médiation, les principaux résultats des analyses des effets indirects reposant sur une analyse en bootstrap (Preacher et Hayes, 2004) et sur un test de Sobel révèlent que le conflit travail-famille a un effet médiateur sur la relation entre les exigences du travail et le stress professionnel. De même, ils identifient un effet médiateur du conflit travail-famille sur la relation entre les ressources, et le stress. En outre, les résultats de tests de la médiation modérée montrent que les caractéristiques individuelles et le type d’hôtel sont des variables modératrices. Dans le même ordre d’idées, les résultats dévoilent que les exigences du travail ont des effets indirects sur le stress au travers du conflit travail-loisirs. Ils indiquent aussi que le conflit travail-loisirs médiatise la relation entre les ressources du travail et le stress. Finalement, cette étude souligne que les exigences et les ressources du travail influencent sur la qualité de service perçue via le stress. / The companies of tourism industry must constantly improve the quality of services to satisfy their customers who become more and more exigent and to remain competitive. The role of the employees in contact with customers is therefore essential to ensure a high level of service quality, including in the hotel sector (Haynes and Fryer, 2000). Although the working conditions of employees working in the hotel industry are difficult (Kim et al., 2007), very few researchers have studied their effects on stress and quality of service. The originality of this thesis resides therefore in the fact that it is interested to analyze these effects. Specifically, this research aims to analyze the impact of working conditions defined in terms of demand and resources on job stress through the work-family conflict incorporating the individual characteristics and the type of hotel as moderator variables. In addition, we aim to examine the mediating role of work-leisure conflict, which is a new concept, between working conditions and job stress. Finally, this study seeks to examine the indirect effects of working conditions on quality of service via the job stress. No previous research has dealt with this relationship; this is another originality of our thesis. The theory of the conservation of resources of Hobfoll (1989) and its principles of «spiral of loss», «spiral of gains" and "resource caravan pasageways" (Hobfoll, 2011, 2012, 2014) are used as a theoretical bases to explain the different relationships tested in our research model. A study was conducted among 648 customer contact employees in the hospitality industry in France. The results of structural equation analyzes demonstrate direct positive effects of job demands on stress and directs negative effects of job resources on stress. They also certify that job stress has a direct negative effect on the service quality. As for mediation effects, the main results of the indirect effects analyzes based on a bootstrap analysis (Preacher and Hayes, 2004) and on a test of Sobel show that work-family conflict mediates the relationship between job demands and professional stress. Similarly, these results identify the mediatory effect of the work-family conflict on the relationship between the resources and stress. Besides the results of the moderated mediation test show that individual characteristics and the type of hotel are moderating variables. In the same vein, the results reveal that all job demands have indirect effects on stress through the work-leisure conflict. They also indicate that the work-leisure conflict mediates the relationship between job resources and stress. Finally, this study emphasizes that job demands and resources influence on the service quality through the stress.