INTRODUÇÃO: As exposições aos materiais biológicos constituem-se um sério risco para contaminações de doenças. Desta forma medidas preventivas e profiláticas devem ser tomadas a fim de evitar estes eventos ou a contaminação por eles. OBJETIVO: Elaborar um protocolo de assistência e fluxo de atendimento para acidente com material biológico na rede de atenção à saúde de Passos-MG, coerente com as orientações de documentos governamentais das políticas públicas de saúde já existentes. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio do método da Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de fevereiro a maio de 2015, através de grupo focal. A pesquisa foi realizada com os profissionais de saúde de nível universitário, independente da categoria profissional, atuantes em unidades de saúde, públicas e privadas de Passos-MG, nas quais eram feitos atendimentos as vítimas de acidente com material biológico. RESULTADOS: Participaram deste trabalho, 30 profissionais de saúde, os quais através de um processo participativo colaboraram na elaboração do \"Protocolo de Assistência e Fluxo em caso de acidente com Material Biológico de Passos/MG\". Os participantes da pesquisa relataram que este protocolo ajudará muito na padronização das condutas, pois a cada plantão e conforme o profissional, as condutas eram tomadas de modo diferente. CONCLUSÃO: O processo de construção deste protocolo reiterou a necessidade do mesmo, pois os profissionais demonstraram inicialmente desconhecimento, insegurança, desconforto a cada dia que acontecia um acidente com material biológico. Houve aprendizado em cada passo da construção deste protocolo, tanto para a pesquisadora como para os envolvidos, tendo sido enriquecedor trabalhar multidisciplinarmente e perceber as mudanças de perspectiva acerca do tema pelos profissionais da rede de atenção à Saúde de Passos/MG. Foi solicitado e proposto a implantação do protocolo com discussões e treinamentos para todos os profissionais de saúde do município, pertencentes a rede de atenção, a fim de conhecerem o \"Protocolo de Assistência e Fluxo em caso de acidente com Material Biológico de Passos/MG\" / INTRODUCTION: Accidents and the exposition to potentially contaminated biological materials are a serious risk for disease contamination. Preventive and prophylactic measures should be taken to avoid events or contamination by them. OBJECTIVE: To develop a protocol of care and service to be followed in accidents with biological material by health care service from Passos - MG, according to government guidance documents of public health policies. METHODS: This is a qualitative study, by the method of Convergent Care Research. Data were collected in the months from February to March 2015, through focus group. The survey was conducted in the Municipal Health System from Passos - MG, with university-level health professionals who work in of to public and private health attention in Passos - MG. Were attended 30 professionals from the health care in Passos - MG. RESULTS: It was possible to build a collective and participatory \"Assistance Protocol and flow in an accident with Biological Material in Passos - MG.\" Survey participants reported that this protocol will greatly assist in the standardization of pipelines, for each shift and as professional, the pipes were made differently. CONCLUSION: The construction process of this protocol, reiterated the need of it, since the professionals initially demonstrated ignorance, insecurity, uncomfortable when happen an accident with biological material. There was learning every step of the construction of this protocol, both the researcher as to those involved, having been enriching multidisciplinary work and realize the changes of perspective on the subject by professionals of attention to health in Passos-MG. It was requested and proposed the implementation of the same with discussions and course for all health professionals care \"Assistance Protocol and flow in an accident with Biological Material in Passos - MG

Institutional Ethnography (IE) is a method of inquiry into the social organisation of knowledge. It begins with a disjuncture/troubling experience impacting a specific group of workers and adopts their standpoint/subject positon to look out into the wider institution and trace the work and textual practices that organised (and produced) the disjuncture under investigation. The study took the standpoint of Senior Social Care Workers (SSCWs) from one RCH in Scotland to uncover the complex social organisation of “abandonment” SSCWs described when there was insufficient support from NHS services to care appropriately for sick and dying residents. The focal point of inquiry was on SSCWs descriptions of being “pushed” into “difficult” decision-making conversions with family members about “serious illness” andthe Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) – without the support of doctors (or nurses).To inquire into how SSCWs work had become tied into the medical, legal and bureaucratic practices that rule death, dying and Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) decision making in Scotland's RCHs the study drew on ten open-ended interviews (SSCWs, n= 4 and others whose work influenced SSCWs working practices, n= 6). Interview transcripts were examined to uncover SSCWs accounts of their knowledgeable work related to managing illness, death and dying - along with the characteristic tensions,frustrations and contradictions embedded in those accounts. The study traced how doctors and nurses were routinely, and systematically, absent from RCHs - leaving residents systematically excluded from the level of care that they needed. It also traced how SSCWs work with “serious illness” and “difficult” conversations was co-ordinated in disquieting ways in an apparent commitment to high quality “palliative care”.What was discussed between SSCWs and family members during conversations about “serious illness” and the DNACPR form was out of step with the DNACPR policy, the rhetoric of palliative care, and the actual needs of SSCWS, family members, and residents for medical support. However, the study shows that what happened in the RCH was not simply an error of practice. This is becauseit was textually planned, organised, and co-ordinated across healthcare institutions, professional groups, the regulatory body acting on behalf of the Scottish Government and the management and care staff of the RCH itself. SSCWs - and others – were organised to take up the powerful ruling discourse of palliative care in ways which treated residents and family members withincreasing objectivity, where institutional needs to reduce NHS spending and to protect the income generating potential of the care home as a business ruled over individual needs. In taking up and enacting the powerful ruling discourse of palliative care, SSCWs – and others- (intentionally but unknowingly) took up the very tools of oppression that dominated and overpowered their own and others lives. The knowledge generated by this research can be used to show SSCWs and others how they unknowingly participate in taking up actions that are not in their own or others interests. This is the basis of changing the conditions of SSCWs and others lives thereby advancing anti-oppressive work.

O presente trabalho apresenta proposições para criação de agrupamentos homogêneos de trabalhadores, através de suas curvas de aprendizado e utilizando técnicas de análise multivariada. Desta forma, os objetivos desta dissertação são: (i) Apresentar o estado da arte das principais aplicações das curvas de aprendizado; (ii) Estudar os principais modelos matemáticos para curvas de aprendizado; (iii) Propor metodologias de formação de agrupamentos homogêneos de trabalhadores utilizando as curvas de aprendizado; e (iv) Integrar técnicas de análise multivariada com teorias sobre curvas de aprendizado. São apresentados três artigos que contemplam os objetivos citados. São propostos dois métodos para formação de agrupamentos homogêneos de trabalhadores. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram avaliados através da aplicação de estudos de caso. Os métodos aplicados apresentaram bons resultados, obtendo-se agrupamentos de trabalhadores com perfis homogêneos de aprendizado. De tal forma, deseja-se diminuir a formação de gargalos de produção em linhas de montagem baseadas em procedimentos manuais. Conclui-se que os métodos propostos são adequados para a formação de agrupamentos de trabalhadores com perfis de aprendizado similares. / This dissertation presents new approaches to create homogeneous groups of workers based on their learning curves and multivariate analysis tools. The objectives of this dissertation are: (i) Unveil the state of the art of the main applications of learning curves, (ii) Study the main learning curves models, (iii) Propose methods for creating homogeneous groups of workers using learning curves, and (iv) Integrate multivariate analysis with learning curve theory. There are three articles that address the objectives outlined. Two methods are proposed for the formation of homogeneous groups of workers. The proposed methods were evaluated through case studies on examples with real data. The proposed methods yielded good results, creating homogeneous groups of workers in production lines and reducing the formation of bottlenecks in manual-based assembly lines. Results displayed the proposed methods as suitable for the formation of groups of workers with similar learning profiles.

181f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-17T18:11:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edinaldo Souzaseg.pdf: 3175303 bytes, checksum: bdf683199d1fb2ea4a1406be129918ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-24T11:45:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edinaldo Souzaseg.pdf: 3175303 bytes, checksum: bdf683199d1fb2ea4a1406be129918ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T11:45:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edinaldo Souzaseg.pdf: 3175303 bytes, checksum: bdf683199d1fb2ea4a1406be129918ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O tema abordado neste estudo é o processo de regulamentação das relações de trabalho no interior da Bahia, tendo como objeto mais específico de análise as disputas trabalhistas entre patrões e empregados no âmbito de três Comarcas do Recôncavo Sul, entre 1940 e 1960. Para tanto, utilizo como fontes processos trabalhistas, jornais, depoimentos orais, legislações, entre outras. Desde a segunda metade do século XX, a legislação trabalhista (incluindo a justiça do trabalho) tem despertado o interesse de vários estudiosos. Porém, até meados da década de 80, as principais matrizes explicativas tenderam a adotar como viés analítico a perspectiva estatal, minimizando, ou mesmo ignorando o ponto de vista dos trabalhadores. Posteriormente, com o avanço das pesquisas e a renovação dos referenciais teóricos e metodológicos, alguns estudos têm permitido reavaliar os papéis dos operários na conjuntura do trabalhismo. Em lugar de passivos, submissos e obedientes, eles têm se revelado sujeitos ativos, dotados de iniciativas, que interagindo com outros atores políticos e apropriando-se dos discursos e invenções do trabalhismo, lutaram e/ou negociaram a criação, a ampliação e a materialização de direitos sociais. A partir do diálogo crítico com esta recente historiografia e respaldado nos referenciais teóricos e metodológicos das histórias social e cultural busco apreender, através das ações trabalhistas, as articulações entre trabalhadores, patrões e Estado no processo de formalização das relações de trabalho. Ao mesmo tempo, analiso a relação entre a lei, o direito e o costume, bem como os impactos dessa experiência nas práticas de trabalho da região. / Salvador

O problema de escalonamento num flow shop (ou flow shop scheduling problem, FSSP) é um modelo de sistemas de produção muito comum que é bem estudado na literatura. No entanto, quase toda a literatura foca-se em escalonamentos permutacionais, desconsiderando soluções ótimas e quase ótimas que são escalonamentos não-permutacionais. Além disso, a prática comum padroniza os tempos de processamento de cada operação, mesmo que estes tempos variem dependendo das diferentes capacidades dos operadores das máquinas, cuja diversidade deve ser considerada no processo de escalonamento quando seja significativa, e.g., em centros de emprego para deficientes (CEDs). Nesta tese, propomos métodos para resolver o FSSP não-permutacional, usando o mesmo tempo e esforço que os métodos do estado da arte usam para o FSSP permutacional, e produzindo escalonamentos não-permutacionais com melhor qualidade do que escalonamentos permutacionais e não-permutacionais produzidos por métodos do estado da arte. Também propomos métodos para resolver o problema combinado de designação de trabalhadores heterogêneos e escalonamento de tarefas num flow shop (ou heterogeneous workforce assignment and flow shop scheduling problem, Het-FSSP), produzindo soluções que compensam as diferentes capacidades e deficiências dos trabalhadores com pequenas perdas nos objetivos da produção. Além do mais, a designação de trabalhadores heterogêneos pode ser integrada em outros problemas de escalonamento, como fizemos com o problema combinado de designação de trabalhadores heterogêneos e escalonamento de tarefas num job shop (ou heterogeneous workforce assignment and job shop scheduling problem, Het-JSSP). / The flow shop scheduling problem (or FSSP) is a very common model of production systems that is well studied in the literature. However, almost all the literature focuses on the permutation FSSP, disregarding optimal and near optimal solutions that are non-permutation schedules. Besides, common practice standardizes the processing times of each operation, even when those times may vary depending on different capabilities of the machine operators, whose diversity must be considered in the scheduling process when it is significant, e.g., in Sheltered Work centers for Disabled (SWDs). In this thesis, we propose methods to solve the non-permutation FSSP, using the same time and effort as state-of-the-art methods for the permutation FSSP, and producing non-permutation schedules with better quality than permutation and non-permutation schedules produced by state-of-the-art methods. We also propose methods to solve the combined heterogeneous workforce assignment and flow shop scheduling problem (or Het-FSSP), producing solutions that compensate the different capabilities and disabilities of the workers with minor or null losses in the productivity objectives. Moreover, the heterogeneous workforce assignment may be integrated into other shop scheduling models, as we did with the heterogeneous workforce assignment and job shop scheduling problem (or Het-JSSP) with similar results.

A presente tese pretende analisar uma importante dimensão da vida da classe trabalhadora em Porto Alegre: a pobreza e a escassez. A carestia, foco principal deste trabalho, é entendida não apenas como resultado econômico e aritmético, mas sim um fenômeno que altera relações políticas e sociais. Por sua natureza, ela altera também as formas às quais as classes sociais se organizam e lutam umas com as outras, estando no âmago de tensões da época. Em termos de recorte espacial e temporal, a cidade de Porto Alegre, durante o período democrático de 1945 a 1964, emerge como laboratório de análise para testar hipóteses e colocar à prova a ideia de que a carestia e a escassez de gêneros não eram somente processos econômicos, mas sim interrupções em práticas e relações que eram estabelecidas como norma. O que se pretende demonstrar aqui é que em diferentes instâncias, tais como o estudo estatístico, a política representativa e a jurisprudência da época, a chamada “economia popular” mostrou-se um campo de batalha entre trabalhadores, patrões e o Estado. / The following thesis intends to analyze an important dimension of the living of the working class in Porto Alegre: the poverty and the scarcity. Famine, the main focus on this work, is understood not only as an economic and arithmetical result, but yet as a phenomenon which changes political and social relations. For its nature, it also changes the forms by which social classes organize and struggle against each other, therefore becoming a central part in the tensions of this period. In terms of spatial and temporal frame, the city of Porto Alegre, during the democratic period of 1945 to 1964, rises up as a laboratory to analyze and test hypothesis, trying to prove the idea that famine and scarcity are not only economic process, but also interruptions in practices and relations that established themselves as norm. What I intend to show here is that in different instances, like the statistical studies, the representative politics and the jurisprudence of that time, the so-called “popular economy” showed herself as a battlefield between workers, patrons and State. / La presente tesis desea analizar una importante dimensión de la vida de la clase trabajadora en Porto Alegre: la pobreza y la escasez. La hambruna, foco principal de este trabajo, es entendida no sólo como resultado económico y aritmético, pero si como un fenomeno que cambia relaciones políticas y sociales. Por su naturaliza, ella cambia también las formas que las clases sociales si organizan y luchan unas con las otras, siendo el centro de las tensiones en este tiempo. En términos de marco de espacio y tiempo, la ciudad de Porto Alegre, durante el período democrático de 1945 a 1964, emerge como laboratorio de análisis para testar hipótesis e colocar por a prueba la idea de que la hambruna y la escasez de géneros no eran solo procesos económicos, pero si interrupciones en prácticas y relaciones establecidas como norma. Lo que se pretende demonstrar aquí es que en diferentes instancias, tales como el estudio estadístico, la política representativa y la jurisprudencia da la época, la llamada “economía popular” resultó ser un campo de batalla entre trabajadores, patrones y Estado.

Women around the world are not making much progress up the corporate ladder but instead; many are frustrated and choosing to leave their jobs. The purpose of this study was to identify what challenges are facing senior level women in the corporate world, which would make them leave/desire to leave work and the role played by organisations in this situation. Interviews and survey research were done on a sample of qualified, experienced women over the age of 30, who are either in the corporate world or who have left. The study showed that women are leaving or have a strong desire to leave due to a combination of workplace and personal factors, and that South African organisations are not doing much to retain them. The implication of this is that they are going to continue losing high calibre women, if they do not implement effective retention strategies very quickly.

This study explores the different effects of gendered migration focusing on migration, return migration and reintegration challenges and opportunities facing female Ethiopian migrant returnees from Middle East countries. It looks into the different stages of migration to understand some of the cultural, economic and social transformations women domestic workers experience as immigrants and laborers in the Gulf region and upon their return to Ethiopia. In doing so, the study examines the different ways women try to renegotiate and reintegrate with their families and communities. In-depth interviews with eighteen women returnees reveal the uneven distribution of experiences and outcomes of gendered migration. However, there exists some consistency in the disruptive and disempowering effect of these experiences in the destination countries that usually extend after return. Post return experiences reveal that the renegotiations of women returnees on issues of reception, economic betterment, relationship rebuilding and exercising agency with families and communities are often stressful, isolating and disempowering.

The research study was aimed at exploring the narratives of motivations and challenges that home-based health care workers experience in their voluntary service provision. It was conducted in East London in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. A total of seven participants who volunteer in home based care programmes were interviewed and their mean age was 30 years; all were females, two married, one a widow, one divorced and two single females. The narrative framework was used to explore the volunteers' interpretation of volunteering experiences, highlighting themes that emerged on what encourages them to volunteer as home based health care workers, and how they deal with challenges that arise during the provision of services. The research was also aimed at exploring the social factors supporting the volunteers' decision to continue volunteering. Narratives from the interviewed community health workers [CHWs] indicate that the motives for participating in CHW programmes are mainly altruistic although people are sometimes motivated by self-interest. Self-interest seems to be particularly relevant in the case of the younger volunteers as they expressed their hope that providing voluntary service may help to enhance their skills so as to facilitate future learning and employment prospects. The recurring themes within the CHWs' narrative indicate that they identify with the helping role and feel it empowers them as they participate in meaningful ways in their communities, and they gain strength to cope with challenges that come with community health work. This study highlighted the complex nature of home based care roles, which inevitably reflect the intervention approach, the mode of working, professional roles and relationships with communities.

Previous research has investigated the effects of daycare on infants, though little attention has been given to the emotional impact of this work on their caregivers. Attachment theory has influenced the approach to infant daycare, leading many programs to adopt a primary caregiving system in order to respond effectively to the needs of the infant. Babies become attached to caregivers and in turn caregivers become attached to the babies. This study explored the implications of such attachments. Naturalistic inquiry made the web of relationships surrounding infant/toddler caregivers apparent. In conversational interviews, caregivers spoke deeply of the complexities and demands of their work with babies and their families. Their voices were eloquent, thoughtful and reflective. The data consist of lengthy initial interviews, follow-up conversations, and observations. The researcher's own education and experience informed the data gathering and interpretation. Seven caregivers in four different centres were interviewed. Each had her Under Age Three Certificate and worked in a licensed centre. Each of these centres used some degree of primary caregiving. The interviews were informal, based on a list of questions used to encourage conversation and narrative. Observations offered an opportunity to understand the context of each caregiver and prompt further conversation. Analysis was a process of analyzing the interviews for themes and ideas in light of the observations. The picture that emerged illustrates the complexity inherent in the work of caring for babies. Caregivers spoke of their relationships as sources of satisfaction and frustration. In a dynamic, ongoing process of engaging with babies, families, co-workers, and selves, caregivers must negotiate these multiple relationships using skills of empathy and thoughtfulness. The Early Childhood Education and Care literature discusses toddlers' struggle with separation anxieties. Not well articulated in the literature, but evident in the data, is the grief of the caregivers. Each woman spoke of her own sadness at the loss of her relationship with a baby or toddler when that child left the centre. Relationship with all its intensity and tensions was central to the professional experience of these women. Each of the four most experienced caregivers accented a different aspect of caregiving: a) the sensual aspects of caring for babies, b) the intellectual possibilities of caregiving, c) caring as a spiritual practice, and d) the need for attentive care for one's self. The particular centre and context of each caregiver influenced the care she provided; without a supportive environment it is difficult to provide respectful and responsive care. The participants discussed the need for adequate time to establish and maintain relationships; time was also necessary to meet and discuss concerns. Caregivers needed time for reflection to keep multiple perspectives in mind. Time is an important and often scarce resource for caregivers. Caregiving is a web of relationships. This research was reflective of and ethically responsive to the caregiving relationship. Paying attention to the multiple pulls experienced as an insider, I used trust, respect, responsiveness, and responsibility to guide the research process. Two women, whom I called peer reviewers and who had both worked in the field, but were now a step removed, discussed with me general topics raised by the interviews and listened for the "ring of truth". Listening to the seldom heard voices of the caregivers and their emphasis on the process of building and maintaining relationships suggests possible directions for supervision of centres, guidelines for Early Childhood Education and Care education, and development of licensing policies. The caregivers' focus on relationship challenges the centrality of child development in the organization of practice. Supporting, honouring, and building on caregivers' connections with the babies in their care, the families, the staff, and with themselves will enhance the practice of infant and toddler care. / Graduate