Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-142). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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This study explored the relationship between workplace discrimination climate on team effectiveness through three serial mediators: collective value congruence, team cohesion, and collective affective commitment. As more individuals of marginalized groups diversify the workforce and as more organizations move toward team-based work (Cannon-Bowers & Bowers, 2010), it is imperative to understand how employees perceive their organization’s discriminatory climate as well as its effect on teams. An archival dataset consisting of 6,824 respondents was used, resulting in 332 work teams with five or more members in each. The data were collected as part of an employee climate survey administered in 2011 throughout the United States’ Department of Defense. The results revealed that the indirect effect through M1 (collective value congruence) and M2 (team cohesion) best accounted for the relationship between workplace discrimination climate (X) and team effectiveness (Y). Meaning, on average, teams that reported a greater climate for workplace discrimination also reported less collective value congruence with their organization (a1 = -1.07, p < .001). With less shared perceptions of value congruence, there is less team cohesion (d21 = .45, p < .001), and with less team cohesion there is less team effectiveness (b2 = .57, p < .001). In addition, because of theoretical overlap, this study makes the case for studying workplace discrimination under the broader construct of workplace aggression within the I/O psychology literature. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis found that workplace discrimination based on five types of marginalized groups: race/ethnicity, gender, religion, age, and disability was best explained by a three-factor model, including: career obstruction based on age and disability bias (CO), verbal aggression based on multiple types of bias (VA), and differential treatment based on racial/ethnic bias (DT). There was initial support to claim that workplace discrimination items covary not only based on type, but also based on form (i.e., nonviolent aggressive behaviors). Therefore, the form of workplace discrimination is just as important as the type when studying climate perceptions and team-level effects. Theoretical and organizational implications are also discussed.

The problem with which this study is concerned is to determine the attitudes of teachers toward female public school administrators in the province of Phisanulok, Thailand. The purposes of this study are (a) to identify the attitudes of public school teachers on the elementary and secondary levels toward women in administrative positions; (b) to identify whether or not there are significant differences between the attitudes of men teachers toward women in public school administrative positions and the attitudes of women teachers toward women in public school administrative positions according to age, level of education, years of experience, marital status, and previous experience working for a woman administrator; and (c) to identify whether or not there are significant differences between the attitudes of elementary school teachers toward women in public school administrative positions and the attitudes of secondary school teachers toward women in public school administrative positions according to age, level of education, years of experience, marital status, and previous experience working for a woman administrator.

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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine if accent related discrimination exists in the work place for persons who speak with an Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi accent. An additional purpose was to explore the participants’ knowledge and willingness to enroll in accent modification therapy and their general feelings regarding this type of therapy. Method: A 57 item survey that was developed to address our research questions was distributed through Survey Monkey to various listservs, organizations and personal contacts. These methods yielded a total of 279 participants, with 110 participants included in the present study. Results: Majority of participants reported that they do not think their accent is difficult to understand and also felt that their accent was accepted. No significant trends were found between length of time living and working in the United States and accent discrimination. However, per participant report, discrimination appears to be more prevalent in the initial part of the employment process (applying for a position and during the beginning portion of their employment). Most participants had never heard of and/or previously enrolled in accent modification therapy. In addition, approximately half said that they would not voluntarily enroll in accent modification therapy, but the remaining participants either responded that they would consider enrolling or they would definitely enroll. Further, half the participants reported that they would not have negative feelings if it was recommended by their employer that they enroll in therapy. Conclusions: This preliminary data suggests that accent discrimination towards individuals who speak with an Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi accent does exist in the workplace. Results also indicate a disconnect between existence of discrimination and awareness of discrimination, either due to the survey limitations or an emerging awareness on the part of the participants. Additionally, few participants reported knowledge of accent modification therapy. Negative feelings towards enrolling in accent modification therapy were within in minority. This data, in addition to reasons to enroll in therapy provided by participants, will aid speech-language pathologists in creating appropriate therapy programs for this unique population. / text

Cette thèse se propose d'apporter une contribution aux débats relatifs aux effets de la discrimination et du risque de discrimination perçus au travail par les personnes homosexuelles sur deux dimensions-clés de leur socialisation au travail : la recherche de soutien social et le bien-être psychologique au travail. A partir des travaux récents conduits en psychologie, nous posons l'hypothèse que les effets de la discrimination et du risque de discrimination perçus au travail sur ces dimensions, sont médiatisés par les stratégies de présentation de soi utilisées par les homosexuels au travail : la feinte, l'évitement et le dévoilement (Woods, 1993). Toutefois, l'examen des travaux empiriques fait état de résultats contradictoires concernant les relations : entre la discrimination – et le risque de discrimination – perçus d'une part, et les stratégies de présentation de soi au travail d'autre part ; les stratégies de présentation de soi utilisées au travail d'une part, et la construction des relations interpersonnelles et le bien-être psychologique au travail d'autre part. Ces résultats contradictoires nous amènent, en référence au modèle d'une socialisation plurielle et active (Malrieu, 1979), à formuler l'hypothèse que ces relations sont modulées par le jeu de variables liées à d'autres temps et lieux de socialisation. Une enquête, conduite par un questionnaire en ligne auprès de 234 sujets homosexuels en activité professionnelle, nous a permis de valider nos hypothèses. Ces résultats nous conduisent à discuter les pratiques actuelles de gestion de la diversité dans les organisations, ainsi que les pratiques cliniques proposées aux homosexuels. / This work aims to analyze the effects of perceived discrimination and discrimination risk on two key-dimensions of work socialization among gay and lesbian individuals : social support seeking and psychological well-being at work. Drawing from recent LGBT vocational literature, we assume that the relationships between discrimination (and discrimination risk) and these variables are mediated by identity management strategies (Woods, 1993) used by lesbian women and gay men (e.g., counterfeiting, avoiding and integrating). However, empirical evidence showed mixed findings regarding the relationships between: perceived discrimination (and discrimination risk) and identity management strategies; identity management strategies and interpersonal relationships building; identity management strategies and psychological well-being. With reference to Malrieu’s theory (1979) of a plural and active socialization, we attempt to overcome these mixed findings and posit that the relationships mentioned above are modulated by variables referring to the diversity of times and backgrounds in which individuals live. Data were collected using an online survey, which has been completed by 234 participants currently employed, and who identified themselves as lesbian or gay. Most of our hypothesis are validated and permit us to discuss both clinical practices targeted to sexual minority individuals and diversity management practices targeted to organizations.

Diskriminering mot transpersoner är ett omfattande problem på arbetsmarknaden. Samtliga forskningsresultat påvisar att transpersoner utsätts för olika diskriminerande handlingar på deras arbetsplatser. Den brist som framträder i den svenska forskningen om arbetsmarknadsdiskriminering är att den inte utforskar hur arbetsplatsens kontext formar diskrimineringen. Studiens syfte blir därför att generera kunskap om hur arbetsplatsen påverkar transpersonernas erfarenheter av diskriminering, samt vilka konsekvenser som genereras kopplat till formen av diskriminering. Den teori som används i studien för att förklara arbetsplatsens betydelse för hur diskrimineringen utformas är Anthony Giddens struktureringsteori. Giddens struktureringsteori är en teori som används för att förklara hur kontexten påverkar utformningen av dess sociala system. Den datainsamlingsmetod som tillämpas för att undersöka studiens syfte är nio semistrukturerade intervjuer och dataanalysmetoden utgår ifrån en modell inspirerad av Grounded Theory. Studiens empiri påvisar att intervjupersonerna har erfarenheter av direkt diskriminering, indirekt diskriminering och trakasserier på sina arbetsplatser. De konsekvenser diskrimineringen medför är framförallt psykiskt lidande, emotionella svårigheter, bristande tillgång till arbetsmarknaden och sämre ekonomi. Slutsatsen härleder diskrimineringen till arbetsplatskontexter karaktäriserade av (1) manligt kodade normer, (2) mindre storlek, (3) mer homogen arbetsgrupp och (4) låg utbildningsnivå hos personalen. En arbetsplatskontext karaktäriserade av dessa fyra koder är således mindre transvänliga. / Discrimination against transgender people is a widespread problem in the labour market. All research results shows that transgender people are exposed to various discriminatory acts in their workplaces. The shortcoming that emerges in Swedish research regarding discrimination in the labour is that it does not explore how the context of the workplace shapes the acts of discrimination. The purpose of this study is therefore to generate knowledge about how the context of the workplace affects the trans people's experiences of discrimination, and what consequences that are generated because of the discrimination. The theory used in this study are Anthony Giddens Theory of structures. Gidden's structuring theory is a theory used to explain the context's influence on the constructions of social systems. The method used to investigate the purpose of this study is nine individual semi-structured interviews and the method for analysis is based on a model inspired by Grounded Theory. The study's empirical evidence shows that transgender people have experiences of direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, and harassment in the workplace. The consequences of being exposed to discrimination are mental and emotional fatigue, as well as financial vulnerability. The conclusion derives the discrimination is constructed the context of the workplace characterized by (1) male-coded norms, (2) smaller size, (3) small diversity and (4) low level of education. A workplace context characterized by these four codes is thus less trans-friendly.

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