Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T12:12:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAurelinaMachadoDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2896131 bytes, checksum: 44d3cc2a223219cb04fbc53ea5e5f3fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-27T14:40:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAurelinaMachadoDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2896131 bytes, checksum: 44d3cc2a223219cb04fbc53ea5e5f3fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T14:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAurelinaMachadoDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2896131 bytes, checksum: 44d3cc2a223219cb04fbc53ea5e5f3fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A Cambridge Worry Scale ? uma escala multidimensional elaborada para avaliar o tipo e a intensidade da preocupa??o de gestantes com bons ?ndices de validade e confiabilidade. Desta forma o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi adaptar e analisar as evid?ncias psicom?tricas da Cambridge Worry Scale, que avalia preocupa??es maternas em gestantes. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: a) fazer a adapta??o sem?ntica dos itens da Cambridge Worry Scale do ingl?s para o portugu?s brasileiro b) avaliar evid?ncias de validade de conte?do atrav?s do Coeficiente de Validade de Conte?do (Etapa 1); c) verificar elementos de validade e confiabilidade da Cambridge Worry Scale atrav?s de procedimentos de avalia??o psicom?tricos (Etapa 2). Adapta??o transcultural de corte transversal realizada com 420 gestantes a partir de 13 anos de idade assistidas em Unidades B?sicas de Sa?de de Natal (RN). Utilizou-se como instrumentos: 1) Question?rio Estruturado (dados sociodemogr?ficos e gestacionais); 2) Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS); 3) Perfil Psicossocial no Pr?-natal (PPP); e a Escala de Apoio Social. O projeto cumpriu os aspectos ?ticos tendo obtido parecer favor?vel (572.558/ 2014) do Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da UFRN. As an?lises dos dados foram feitas com o aux?lio do software SPSS (21.0). Na Etapa 1 efetuou-se estat?sticas descritivas (frequ?ncia e Coeficiente de Valida??o de Conte?do - CVC) e c?lculo do Kappa de Fleiss. Na Etapa 2 usou-se an?lise fatorial explorat?ria e confirmat?ria, teste t, ANOVA, correla??es de Pearson; e c?lculo do alfa de Cronbach. Na Etapa 1 obteve-se a autoriza??o formal dos autores; prepara??o e consolida??o da vers?o preliminar; e valida??o de conte?do acerca dos crit?rios Clareza, Pertin?ncia Pr?tica e Relev?ncia Te?rica, cujos CVC foram maiores que 0,8 na maior parte dos itens. A Dimens?o Te?rica apresentou concord?ncia substancial (k=0,7164). A Etapa 2 refere-se ? coleta de dados de 420 gestantes. A m?dia de idade foi 26,85 (?8,93) anos, a maioria apresentou baixa escolaridade e renda, era dona de casa, cat?lica, e vivia em uni?o est?vel. Predominaram mult?paras, com baixo hist?rico de aborto e n?o planejamento da gesta??o. Os resultados da An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria com rota??o Oblimin, seguida de An?lise Fatorial Confirmat?ria para a vers?o de 16 itens e 13 itens (reduzida), indicaram bons indicadores de validade e confiabilidade para ambos modelos. Houve diferen?as na estrutura fatorial dos 2 modelos. A vers?o de 16 itens apresentou 5 fatores, a maioria organizados conforme a original. A vers?o reduzida se mostrou similar ao modelo original, por isso se indica seu uso. A escala presentou validade convergente, divergente e de construto confirmada pelas correla??es entre os fatores da CWS e os escores de estresse (convergente), autoestima e apoio social (divergente). A validade de crit?rio foi observada pelas diferen?as do valor total e fatores da CWS entre grupos de gestantes (prim?paras/mult?paras; adolescentes/adultas jovens/tardias). A confiabilidade avaliada atrav?s da consist?ncia interna da escala foi satisfat?ria (valor ?=0,825) bem como dos fatores (?=0,64-0,74). Os resultados psicom?tricos com rela??o ? validade e confiabilidade da vers?o brasileira da CWS indicam que a escala ? apropriada para ser utilizada. Instrumento ?til e de f?cil aplica??o que pode ser usado por pesquisadores e cl?nicos para avaliar preocupa??es de gestantes. / The Cambridge Worry Scale is a multidimensional scale created to evaluate the type and intensity of pregnant worry with good rates of validation and trustworthiness. This research?s main objective was to adapt and analyze the psychometric evidences of the Cambridge Worry Scale, which evaluates maternal worries on pregnant women. The specific goals were: a) adapt the semantic items in the Cambridge Worry Scale from English to Brazilian Portuguese b) evaluate content validation evidences through the content validation coefficient (stage 1); c) verify validation and trustworthiness elements of the Cambridge Worry Scale through psychometric evaluation procedures (stage 2). Transcultural adaptation of transversal cut done with 420 pregnant women from the age of 13 assisted in Basic Health Units in Natal (RN). It was used as instruments: 1) Structured quiz (socio-demographic and pregnancy data); 2) Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS); 3) Psychosocial profile in pre-birth (PPP); and the social support scale. The project fulfilled the ethnic aspects having a favorable juridical decision (572.558/ 2014) from the UFRN?s Ethics and Research Committee. The data analysis were done with the help from the SPSS (21.0) Software. On stage 1 descriptive statistics were done (frequency and validation coefficient of the content - CVC) and Kappa?s Fleiss calculus. On stage 2 we used the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, t test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation; and Cronbach?s alpha calculus. On stage 1 we had the formal authorization from the authors; preparation and consolidation of the preliminary version; and content validation about the Clarity criteria, Practical Pertinence and Theoretical Relevance, which CVCs were higher than 0.8 in most of the items. The Theoretical Dimension presented a substantial conformity (k=0.7164). Stage 2 refers to the collection of data from 420 pregnant women. The average age was 26.85 (?8,93) years old, most of them presented low education and income level, they were house wives, catholic, and married. Women with multiple kids predominated, low abortion rate history and there weren?t a pregnancy planning. The exploratory factorial analysis with Oblimin rotation, followed by the confirmatory factorial analysis for the 16 items and 13 items (reduced), pointed good validity indicators and trustworthiness for both models. There were differences in the factorial structure of both models. The 16 items presented 5 factors, most of them organized according to the original. The reduced version showed itself similar to the original model, and that?s why its usage is indicated. The scale presented convergent validation, divergent and confirmed construct by the correlation between CWS factors and stress scores (convergent), self-esteem and social support (divergent). The criteria validation was observed through the difference of the total score and factors of the CWS amongst pregnant groups (first pregnancy/multi pregnancy; teenagers and adults young/late). The evaluated trustworthiness through the internal consistency of the scale was good (valor ?=0.825) as so did the factors (?=0.64-0.74). The psychometric results regarding the validity and trustworthiness of the Brazilian version of the CWS points out that the scale is appropriate to use. It?s a useful and easy to apply instrument that can be used by researchers and clinics to evaluate pregnant worries.

Insomnia is a common health complaint that often becomes a persistent problem. The theoretical frameworks for understanding and treating insomnia have mostly been behavioural, yet the importance of cognitive processes has received greater attention over the years. The overall aim of this dissertation was to expand the knowledge on the processes from the Cognitive Model of Insomnia by investigating them in novel contexts. Study I examined the outcomes from cognitive therapy for insomnia on adolescents. Study II explored the relationship between cognitive processes and the association with remission and persistence of insomnia in the general population. Lastly, Study III investigated if cognitive processes mediated between cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and outcomes of insomnia and depressive severity in a sample of people with insomnia comorbid with depressive problems. The findings show that cognitive therapy for insomnia affected sleep for adolescents, thus this is a promising treatment option for this age group. Further, it was found that cognitive processes distinguished between adults with normal sleep and persistent insomnia. For people with insomnia, elevated sleep-related worry at baseline increased the risk of reporting persistent insomnia later on, whereas a lowering of selective attention and monitoring, and safety behaviours over time increased the likelihood of remission from insomnia. This has clinical implications for insomnia assessment and treatment, as well as theoretical implications, and warrants further research. CBT-I was associated with greater reductions in dysfunctional beliefs and sleep-related safety behaviours compared to control treatment. Dysfunctional beliefs mediated between CBT-I and insomnia severity and depressive severity respectively. This supports the importance of negative thought content in both insomnia and depression.

The first part of this thesis explores the potential role of metacognitive beliefs and strategies in functional somatic symptoms. Current models (for example, Brown, 2004; Deary, Chalder and Sharpe, 2007) and treatments of functional somatic symptoms focus on cognitive models and cognitive behavioural treatments which show modest treatment effects. A metacognitive account is discussed based upon supervisory regulatory executive function theory (SREF; Wells and Matthews, 1994) and research is systematically reviewed which may support such an account. Current research offers limited indirect support for metacognitive factors playing a role in the difficulties of people suffering from functional somatic symptoms. This paper concludes that further research is needed in this promising area. The second part of the thesis describes a cross-sectional correlational study which examines the relationship of somatic symptom reporting in primary care with metacognitive beliefs, finding a significant association for the first time. Fifty patients were recruited from general practice surgeries took part in the study. Support for the novel Metacognitive Health Questionnaire measure was also found. This measure showed significant associations between health specific metacognitive beliefs and body focussed attention, health preoccupation and distress. This measure also showed significant associations with illness behaviours and thought control strategies. Each of these findings is in line with SREF theory. This study provides preliminary support for the role of metacognition in symptom reporting. The third part of the thesis critically evaluated issues salient to the study including methodologically, supervisory, ethical and clinical issues. The interpretations of the literature review and findings of the research paper are limited by the lack of direct findings to support a metacognitive account, and the cross sectional nature of this study. It is hoped that the prospective study which the research study reported forms part, will offer more robust insights into the role of metacognition in symptom reporting, and that future studies will examine this area further.

Proaktiv interferens (PI) uppstår när äldre, irrelevant minnesinformation stör nyinlärning ellerframplockning av relevant information. PI påverkas av faktorer som familjaritet ochinkodning av kontextuell information. Tidigare forskning indikerar att PI har en koppling tillminnets åldrande och negativa tankeprocesser, såsom oro och ruminering. Studien undersökteom ett anpassat arbetsminnestest (2-back) kan inducera PI och om irrelevant information medolika grader av familjaritet ger olika grad av PI. Studien syftade också till att undersöka omäldre upplever mer PI än yngre samt om PI går att koppla till grad av oro och ruminering. 15yngre vuxna (20-30 år) och 10 äldre vuxna (65-69 år) genomförde ett datoriserat 2-back-testoch fyllde i skattningsformulär (PSWQ och RRS-BR). Resultatet visade att PI inducerades avtestet och att PI minskade när familjariteten minskade. Resultatet visade också att äldreupplevde en signifikant högre grad av PI på ett mått, men inte på ett annat. Ingen signifikantkoppling mellan PI och oro eller ruminering hittades. Resultaten bör dock tolkas medförsiktighet. / Proactive interference (PI) occurs when older and irrelevant memory information interfereswith new learning or retrieval of relevant information. PI is influenced by factors such asfamiliarity and the encoding of contextual information. Previous research indicates that PI hasa link to age-related memory decline and negative thought processes such as worry andrumination. The study investigated whether a modified working memory test (2-back) caninduce PI and if irrelevant information with different degrees of familiarity induces differentdegrees of PI. The study also aimed to investigate whether older adults experience more PIthan younger adults and whether PI can be linked to the degree of worry and rumination. 15younger adults (20-30 years) and 10 older adults (65-69 years) performed a computerized 2-back test and completed self-report questionnaires (PSWQ and RRS-BR). The result showedthat PI was induced by the test and that PI decreased as familiarity decreased. The results alsoshowed that the older adults experienced a significantly higher degree of PI in one measure,but not in another. No significant association between PI and worry or rumination was found.The results should be interpreted with caution.

No description available.

Climate change is one of the biggest threats facing the world, connected to rising oceanlevels, droughts, and other natural disasters. The aim of this study was to explore if and howclimate worry, climate coping and experiential avoidance are connected to climate friendlybehaviour among Swedish adolescents in their third year of upper-secondary school (N=470).A questionnaire was used to measure the factors of interest, which were analysed withcorrelation and mediation analysis. Four main results were found. The first was that climatefriendly behaviour related to climate worry and climate coping in a similar way to howpro-environmental behaviour has done in previous studies. The second finding was thatproblem focused climate coping mediated the relationship between meaning focused climatecoping and climate friendly behaviour. The third result was that distancing was positivelyrelated to experiential avoidance and climate worry in contrast to de-emphasizing which wasonly related negatively to climate friendly behaviour. Lastly the results showed thatexperiential avoidance was related to distancing but not to any other variables. Our findingscontribute to a greater understanding of the field in that they support and extend previousfindings as well as highlight new angles for future research.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent excessive worrying that is often difficult to control. The pathology of GAD has been associated with abnormal neural activity and functional connectivity. This systematic review has examined the central neural correlates of GAD which are the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala and how activation and functional connectivity in these brain areas differ between patients with GAD and healthy controls. This review also investigated how abnormal functional connectivity and activation in these brain regions relates to worry which is the most prominent psychological symptom in patients with GAD. A systematic review was conducted and seven original functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were included after a literature search on PubMed, Scopus and, Web of Science. The main findings from this review revealed decreased activation in the PFC and ACC and enhanced activation in the amygdala during the viewing of negative stimuli in patients with GAD. Identifying the neural correlates of GAD and how it relates to worry may provide improved treatment in the future such as developing more effective psychotropic drugs or improved psychotherapy. GAD has been associated with lower well-being and life satisfaction and may even be a risk factor for suicidal thoughts. One of the limitations from this review is that several of the included studies recruited patients with comorbidities and for that reason results from these studies cannot be generalized and applied to individuals with GAD.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om lättnader av corona-restriktioner har påverkat individers sociala interaktion och känslor gentemot att återgå till ett normalt samhälle.“Hur ser strukturen ut för människors stress och oro efter lättade covid-19 restriktioner och vad relaterar de till?”. Då det har visat sig att social distansering och att arbeta hemifrån kan ha negativa konsekvenser på den psykiska hälsan. Studien skapade ett mätinstrument som mäter människors känslor och upplevelser gentemot Sveriges lättade covid-19 restriktioner. En kvalitativ förstudie utfördes med två öppna frågor för att undersöka om individer upplever stress och oro inför återgång till ett normalt samhälle efter restriktioner. Därefter utfördes en kvantitativ enkätundersökning med ett icke slumpmässigt bekvämlighetsurval som var baserad på resultatet från förstudien. Urvalet (n=242) bestod av individer som har levt i Sverige under rådande restriktioner. En faktoranalys utfördes och resulterade i skalan Stress och Oro Efter Lättade covid-19 Restriktioner [SOELR] med fyra subskalor. Följaktligen utfördes en korrelationsanalys som visade att det fanns signifikanta samband mellan SOELR och subskalorna. Sammanfattningsvis känner individer i samhället en viss stress och oro inför sociala interaktioner och relationer, covid-19, hantering av symtom och ökade miljöombyten till följd av lättade restriktioner i samhället. / The aim of the study was to investigate if alleviated covid-19 restrictions has made an impact on individuals’ social interaction and feelings towards returning to a normal society. “How does the structure look like for individuals´ stress and worry post alleviated covid-19 restrictions and what do they relate to?”. Since it has previously shown that social distancing and working from home may have negative consequences on mental health. The study created a measurement that measures peoples’ feelings and experiences towards Sweden’s alleviated covid-19 restrictions. A qualitative pre-study was conducted with two open-ended questions in order to measure if individuals feel stress and worry towards returning to a normal society post restrictions. Thereafter a quantitative survey with a non-random convenience sample that was based on results from the pre-study. The sample (n=242) consisted of individuals’ that has lived in Sweden during the current restrictions. A factor analysis was conducted and resulted in the scale stress and worry post alleviated covid-19 restrictions [SOELR] containing four subscales. Consequently a correlational analysis showed significant correlations between SOELR and the subscales. In summary, individuals in society feel a certain amount of stress and worry for social interactions and relations, covid-19, dealing with symptoms and increase of changes in the setting post alleviated restrictions in society.

No description available.

No description available.