published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

published_or_final_version / abstract / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Many utility-scale wind turbine generators use wound-rotor induction machines. By adding an external rotor resistance to the rotor circuit it is possible to control the wind turbine output power and, with proper control, maintain a constant power for wind speeds between rated and cut-out. The external resistance modifies the generator torque-speed curve and changes the angular velocity of the rotor, resulting in a greater power extraction from the wind. A number of control strategies can achieve this objective. These include controlling the rotor resistance to maintain a constant generator equivalent circuit, and control based on the aerodynamic torque. It is also possible to use a lookup table instead of a feedback controller. These options all have the same steady-state result as direct output power control, but differing transient performance. Computer simulations and hardware experiments are used to investigate and characterize the different control methods. / text

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A novel dendritic wound dressing was designed and characterized for its potential to treat chronic wounds. Comprised of gelatin, dendrimer, synthetic polymer and antibiotics, the dressing was electrospun to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Gelatin is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and easily available. The antibiotic, doxycycline, has the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases, which occur in excess in chronic wounds, degrade the reconstituted ECM. Starburst™ polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.5, which provides a versatile and structurally controlled architecture to construct nanomedicine, was covalently bonded to the gelatin backbone and electrospun into nanofibers with gelatin, doxycycline and stabilizing polymers. The proposed gelatin/dendrimer hybrid provides a bacterial free environment and mimics the ECM to promote wound healing. The development of this new polymeric matrix is an important step in advancing the use of bioactive nanofibers with targeted and controlled drug delivery as a wound dressing.

Sårvård är central omvårdnadsuppgift i sjuksköterskans profession som kräverspecifika kunskaper, förberedelser och tidsplanering vilket innebär behov av en radolika resurser men även kostnader för hälso- och sjukvården. Sjuksköterskanskunskap gällande prevention och sårvårdsbehandling utgör grunden förevidensbaserad sårvård med patientens personliga behov i fokus. Syftet var att belysasjuksköterskors erfarenheter av sårvård, och genomfördes som en systematisklitteraturstudie där resultatet utgjordes av åtta kvalitativa och två kvantitativavetenskapliga artiklar. I resultatet framkom fyra teman som belyser sjuksköterskorserfarenheter av sårvård; utmaningar; helhetssyn i sårvård; behov av kunskap ochbetydelsen av stöd. Konklusionen påvisar vikten av att se på patienten som har behovav sårvård ur ett helhetsperspektiv. Det handlar inte enbart om att behandla självasåret utan bemötandet utifrån helhetssyn, att se personen i den aktuellaomvårdnadssituationen. Studien belyser även vikten av teamarbete och ett gottsamarbete mellan olika professioner i sjukvården, vilket leder till att kontinuitetuppnås. Slutligen behövs det kontinuerlig sårvårdsutbildning till sjuksköterskor inomklinisk verksamhet men även fortsatt forskning som lyfter tillämplig avevidensbaserad prevention av sår samt effektstudier av sårbehandling. / Wound care is a central task of the nursing profession that requires specificknowledge, preparation and planning which means the needs of a variety of resources,but also the costs of health care. The nurse's knowledge regarding wound treatment,care, and prevention is the basis for evidence-based wound care with the patient'spersonal needs in mind. The aim was to highlight nurses' experiences of wound care,and carried out a systematic literature where the result had eight qualitative and twoquantitative scientific articles. The results revealed four themes that highlight nurses'experiences of wound care; challenges; holistic approach to wound care; need forknowledge and the importance of support. The conclusion demonstrates theimportance of ensuring the patient is in need of wound care from a holisticperspective. It is not just about treating the wound without seeing the human being inits entirety, and to respond to the patient in the current nursing situation. The studyalso highlights the importance of team work and good cooperation between differentprofessionals in health care, which leads to continuity, is achieved. Finally, we needcontinuous wound care training for nurses in clinical practice but also continuedresearch that highlights relevant evidence-based prevention of ulcers and efficacystudies of wound healing.

Titel: Omvårdnadspersonalens erfarenheter av sårbehandling och att vårda patienter med sår. Bakgrund: Sår är ett stort och komplext område och kunskapen har ökat sista decennierna vilket ställer nya krav på personalen. Genom att beskriva omvårdnadspersonalens erfarenheter kan utmaningar och problem synliggöras och detta kan ge möjligheter till att förbättra situationen för alla inblandade. Syfte: Att beskriva omvårdnadspersonalens erfarenheter av sårbehandling och att vårda patienter med sår. Metod: En litteraturstudie innehållandes 8 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna granskades, analyserades och sammanställdes. Resultat: Helhetssyn och engagemang i patienten, inte bara såret, samt rätt kunskap och kompetens främjar hälsa hos patienter med sår. Bristande kunskaper, resurser och tid är stora utmaningar i vården av patienter med sår. Vårdteamet och stöttande kollegor spelar en viktig roll i att upprätthålla kvaliteten och stärka personalens tro på sig själva. Vårdmiljöns tillgångar och begränsningar påverkar upplevelsen av arbetet med patienterna och bidrar till utmaningar i yrkesutövningen. Konklusion: Arbetet med sår och patienter med sår är berikande men också utmanande. Mer forskning på metoder och verktyg som kan underlätta sårbehandling i hemmet behövs. Det behövs en samordnad syn på prevention och behandling av patienter med sår. Nyckelord: omvårdnad, erfarenhet, sjuksköterska, sår, sårvård

A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in the branch of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery / Introduction: Chronic wounds are commonly associated with biofilms and exaggerated inflammation resulting in non-healing: “Bioflammacides” are a recently described group of compounds used in the treatment of chronic and recalcitrant wounds.“Bioflammacides” target biofilms and inflammation aiding a change in the wound environment enabling cutaneous wound healing. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effects of two targeted “active” topical dressings: a bioflammacide gel (Flavonix®), and a nanocrystalline silver sheet (Acticoat®), on the wound healing events in an in vivo rat chronic wound model. 
Methods: A chronic wound model was created in 128 Sprague-Dawley rats, modifying previously described methods by combining burn and excisional wounds. Wounds were inoculated with a bacteria broth (Pseudomonas
aeruginosa 
and
 Staphylococcus 
aureus) on POD 7; Flavonix®, Acticoat® 
and a negative control. An additional non-inoculated control group (no bacterial or other broth) was included. Eight animals were assigned to each group at each time point.The study was conducted over 21 days and the categorical variables assessed were epithelial gap, cellular proliferation at the wound edge at days 10,14 and 21 semi-quantitative culture for bacterial load at Days 10 and 21: Both Acticoat® and Flavonix®
showed improved wound healing compared to the control group. Epithelial gap distances were significantly different between the Acticoat® group and the negative control group at Day 21 (p
=
0.0350) (8mm
vs.
12.8mm).
Cellular profileration profiles were most modulated in the Flavonix®
treated group at Day 21 in iii comparison to the negative control group (p=0.013) (1.45
vs.
8.65). Bacterial load based on semi-quantitative culture showed significant differences in Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts at POS 21 with all treatment groups except Acticoat® but failed to show a significant change with the Staphylococcus aureus counts in any groups Conclusion: Flavonix® and Acticoat®
both demonstrated similar effects on wound healing events in our chronic wound model with significant differences being noted between the treated groups and negative controls n epithelial gap reduction and cellular proliferation profiles. Bacterial burden in the form of a mixed species biofilm was not convincingly altered by any of the treatment groups, but this did not alter the wound in its ability to close suggesting that inflammatory balance plays an important role as a common pathway in cutaneous healing

Student Number : 0004041J - MSc dissertation - School of Electrical and Information Engineering - Faculty of Engineering / Slip energy recovery (SER) drives are used extensively in industry as they offer cost effective speed control of large wound rotor induction motors. The biggest disadvantage associated with the use of SER drives is the vulnerability of the rotor circuit converters to power system disturbances such as voltage dips. The failure of converters as a result of voltage dips is a problem associated with the use of these particular drives. The aim of this research is to better understand the stresses on rotor circuit converters as a result of voltage dips at the terminals of the motor. The rotor transients developed by a wound rotor induction motor are investigated for a range of three phase and single phase voltage dips. Simulations conducted in the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) supplement measurements conducted on a simplified SER circuit. The results confirm that voltage dips cause significant stresses on the converters in the rotor circuit. Good correlation was obtained between simulated and measured results. This work allows for a better understanding of the response of wound rotor induction motors to voltage dips and identifies the threat that voltage dips impose on the SER rotor circuit converters.

Diante da indisponibilidade de um instrumento específico de avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV) de pessoas com qualquer tipo de ferida, em nosso meio, o objetivo deste estudo foi construir e validar a versão feridas do Índice de Qualidade de Vida de Ferrans e Powers (IQVFP-VF). Inicialmente, o estudo recebeu autorização das autoras do instrumento original, aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética da EEUSP e autorizações dos campos para a coleta de dados. Classificado como do tipo metodológico, o estudo foi desenvolvido segundo os procedimentos teóricos, empíricos e analíticos, propostos por Pasquali, Os procedimentos teóricos incluíram a definição e análise dos itens por meio de revisão de literatura, avaliações de juizes (especialistas e pacientes) e pré-teste; os empíricos foram realizados por meio da aplicação do instrumento, resultante da etapa anterior, para análise de suas propriedades psicométricas, em amostras de teste (n=362), re-teste (n = 63) e validade convergente (n=179); e os analíticos, por meio das estratégias estatísticas destinadas às análises das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento final dos procedimentos teóricos. A confiabilidade foi obtida por meio da avaliação da consistência interna - CI (alfa de Cronbach 0,70) e da estabilidade do instrumento - duas semanas pós-teste (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse 0,70). Avaliaram-se a validade de conteúdo, pela concordância entre juizes ( 80%); a de critério concorrente, pela correlação entre os escores do item sua satisfação e dos domínios e instrumento total (coeficiente de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman 0,30); a validade de construto convergente, correlacionando-se os domínios e instrumento total do IQVFP-VF e WHOQOL-bref (esperando-se correlações moderadas a fortes 0,30 entre os domínios similares e < 0,30 entre os diferentes) e a validade de construto discriminante, comparando-se os escores dos domínios e instrumento total quanto a idade, número e duração da ferida e intensidade de dor, no momento e na última semana (Testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, t-Student e ANOVA). A análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) foi testada pelo grau de correlação entre os itens e os domínios originais (saúde/funcionamento-SF; sócio-econômico-SE; psicológico e espiritual-PE e família-Fa) e medidas de ajuste de modelo (LISREL). A amostra foi composta de pacientes ambulatoriais com feridas, pertencentes a dezesseis instituições, que se enquadraram em critérios pré-estabelecidos. Os resultados mostram coeficientes alfa de Cronbach 0,90; 0,88; 0,65; 0,81; 0,55 para o instrumento total e domínios SF, SE, PE, Fa respectivamente, na avaliação da CI; para a estabilidade, encontraram-se correlações 0,83 (p < 0,000); para a validade concorrente, correlações de 0,28 a 0,69; para a validade convergente, correlações de 0,17 a 0, 60 e para a validade discriminante, correlações significativas entre: QV geral e número de feridas (p=0,047); PE e duração da ferida (p=0,017); SF (p= 0,043), SE (p= 0,008), PE (p= 0,000) e qualidade de vida geral (p=0,003) para as faixas etárias mais avançadas; e SE e a pior dor da semana anterior à entrevista (p = 0,015). À AFC sugeriu que o modelo é razoavelmente ajustado para o quatro domínios. Concluindo-se o estudo, pode-se considerar que o IQVFP-VF - como um instrumento específico e relacionado à saúde - é válido e tem confiabilidade atestada nos aspectos mais importantes para a população com feridas: a QV geral, a saúde e os aspectos psicológicos e espirituais / The scarcity of a specific tool to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of persons with any kind of wounds, in our culture, lead to the development of this study. It aimed to develop and validate a wound version of the Ferrans & Powers QOL Index (QLI -WV). The study was authorized by the QLI authors and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nursing College of the University of São Paulo and authorized by the institutions where data were collected. This methodological research was based on the procedures established by Paquali. The theoretical pole included the selection and analysis of the items to be included in the instrument (literature review, evaluations by specialists and patients committees and pre test). The empirical ones were developed through the application of the resulted instrument (from last step) to test sample (n=362), teste-retest sample (n=63) and convergent validity sample (n=179). And the analytical pole included the statistical strategies to analyse the instrument´s psychometric properties. The reliability was obtained through: internal consistency - IC (Cronbach´s alpha 0,70) and stability, two weeks after the first instrument apllication (Intraclass correlation coeficient 0,70). The content validity was analysed through the concordance level between judges ( 80%); the concurrent validity, through the correlation among the scores of the item your satisfaction and domains and overall QOL (Pearson or Spearman correlation coeficient 0,30); the convergent validity, through the correlation between the domains and overall QOL of QLI -WV and WHOQOL-bref (strong to moderate correlation between similar domains and weak between the different ones) and the discriminant validity through the comparison among the domains and total QOL and age, wound number and durability, and present and the worst last week pain (Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, t-Student and ANOVA tests). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was tested by the correlation between the QLI-WV items and original domains (health & functioning - HF; socioeconomic - SE, psychological/spiritual - PS and family - Fa) and the adjustment measures model (LISREL). The sample was composed by outpatients who were assisted at 16 Health Services, and who met the pre established criteria. The results showed Cronbach´s alpha coeficients of 0.90; 0.88; 0.65; 0.81; 0.55 respectively for total QOL and domains (HF, SE, PS and Fa) for IC; r 0.83 (p < 0.000) for stability; r = 0.28 to 0.69 for concurrent validity; r = 0.17 to 0. 60 for convergent validity and significative correlation between: overall QOL and number of wounds (p=0.047); PS and wound durability (p=0.017); HF (p= 0.043), SE (p= 0.008), PS (p= 0.000) and overall QOL (p=0.003) for old patients; and SE and worst last week pain (p = 0.015). CFA suggested a reasonable fit for a four original subscale. The author concludes that QLI-WV - as a specific and health related QOL instrument - can be considered reliable and valid as it confirmed their psychometric properties, related to the most important wound care aspects as the total QOL, health and psychological and spiritual issues