In 1697 Massachusetts settler Hannah Duston was taken captive by a group of Abenaki Indians. Duston and her companions escaped captivity by using a tomahawk to kill ten of her captors. Within her captivity narrative, Duston inhabits the role of captor rather than captive, providing a literary framework for reading and understanding the process of Indian Removal in the nineteenth century. Like white captives in the early colonial period, Native Americans in the nineteenth century faced pressure to assimilate, forced marches through unfamiliar territory, and acts of shocking violence like the Wounded Knee Massacre. During this time period, the United States government and army as well as white settlers took on the role of captors, keeping Indian tribes in captivity with these tactics. Understanding the period of Indian Removal as a type of captivity narrative increases our understanding of the shocking violence that accompanied the Indian Removal Policy. As a literary genre, captivity narratives created a national narrative of violence between white settlers and Indian tribes. The struggle for domination in the genre thus became the central struggle of the United States as white Americans embraced and advanced the fight against Native Americans for land and cultural supremacy in North America.

In 1968 a number of Chippewa Indians met in Minneapolis, Minnesota to discuss some of the problems they faced in their communities. This meeting gave birth to the American Indian Movement. From 1968 to 1974, the American Indian Movement embarked on a series of radical protests designed to draw attention to the concerns of American Indians and force the Federal government into acting on their behalf. Unfortunately, these protests brought about a backlash from Federal law enforcement agencies that destroyed the American Indian Movement's national power structure.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / The widespread use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan has caused a dramatic increase in shockwave-induced mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), leading mTBI to be dubbed the 'signature injury' of modern warfare. Currently, the pathology of shockwave-induced mTBI is unknown , and it is diagnosis is based on self-reported symptoms and combat history. While the etiological mechanism has not yet been determined , it is becoming increasingly accepted that shockwaves themselves are the brain-damaging agent that emanate from IEDs. To assess how mild, sub-lethal shockwaves might damage brain tissue, we developed an in vitro assay to deliver shockwaves to neuronal cells in culture, and then assayed several properties of these cells that affect their function. This assay involved exposing rat cortical and hippocampal primary neuronal cultures to shockwaves of increasing magnitude generated with a biolistic Gene Gun. The Gene Gun produces shockwaves of sufficient overpressure to cause cognitive impairment in animal models of shockwave-induced mTBI. Our results show that overpressures of ~1.0 pound per square inch (psi) caused transient membrane permeability for molecules up to ~12 nanometers in diameter. This change in membrane permeability was accompanied by a transient decrease in cellular ATP levels and synaptic densities. This synaptic degeneration correlated with changes in the level and phosphorylation state of several synaptic proteins examined. Similar results were observed in dissected rat retinas suggesting that these shockwave-induced effects can occur in complex tissues, such as the brain. Based on these findings we propose that shockwaves damage cellular membranes, leading to a decrease in intracellular ATP, and ultimately to a reduced numbers of synapses, the part of neurons most important for learning, memory and behavior. Additional experiments in whole animals will be required to ascertain whether shockwave-induced cellular damage and synaptic degeneration plays an etiological role in shockwave-induced mTBI.

No description available.

M.Cur. / With reference to the question whether the interhospital transport of ill neonates in South Africa and more specifically in the Transvaal is adequate, a study was done in which the quality of the interhospital transport of ill neonates on the Witwatersrand was investigated. Criteria for the interhospital transport of ill neonates were formulated according to a literature review and they were validated. The quality of interhospital transport of ill neonates on the Witwatersrand was researched according to the formulated criteria. The case study method was used and was applied to neonates who were transported to a selected private- and provincial hospital by private- and provincial ambulance services between May 1987 and June 1987. Through the results of the study the researcher came to the conclusion that the interhospital transport of ill neonates on the Witwatersrand is inadequate. Recommendations which may contribute to the improvement of the transport system were made.

This study examines the literary texts of the Ligurian writer Giuseppe Conte published between 1972 and 2005. In Part One, the reasons are considered which justify this research on Giuseppe Conte. This author is discussed in the context of the literary movements of the second half of the 20th century in Italy, with special reference to his approach to literature, which proposes a modern rewriting of myth. Conte is in fact a co-founder of "Mitomodernismo". "Mitomodernismo" is a literary movement, established in 1994 and currently still active, which aims to revive modern society through a spiritual rebirth promoted by a recovery of basic human values, as these appear within the boundaries already suggested by myth since antiquity. The Mitomodernisti propose an alternative which could assist contemporaries to overcome the obstacles created by modern "maladies", particularly in the West, whether these be socio-cultural, ecological, or religious. Throughout Conte's entire æuvre one clearly perceives this strong desire for rebirth which for the author is concretised in "Fare Anima", that is, a way to reconnecting with the universe, of rising towards the "light". This tension towards rebirth could be compared metaphorically to the quest for the Graal, which involves suffering as a way to redemption. The artist's visionary work is comparable to the extrasensory journey undertaken by the shaman during his trance. For this reason, in Part One of this study the figure of the shaman will also be examined in a socio-cultural context, in order to transfer it better to the literary context. The whole of Part Two is dedicated to an analysis of Conte's æuvre - poetry, novels and also, but only indirectly, essays and articles - in the light of his fundamental themes, which metaphorically turn the writer into a "shaman". The analysis is based on some concepts put forward by the Swiss psycho-analyst Carl Gustav Jung, such as the function and symbolism of myth in literature from a psychoanalytical perspective. RIASSUNTO In questo studio vengono prese in esame le opere dello scrittore ligure Giuseppe Conte, pubblicate dal 1972 al 2005. Nella Parte Prima vengono considerate le ragioni che giustificano questa ricerca su Giuseppe Conte. L'autore viene discusso nel contesto dei movimenti letterari del secondo Novecento in Italia, ed in particolare il suo approccio alla letteratura che propone una riscrittura del mito in chiave moderna. Lo scrittore è infatti uno dei cofondatori del "Mitomodernismo". Il "Mitomodernismo" è un movimento letterario che vide la luce nel 1994 e che è ancora attivo alla data attuale. Esso si prefigge di risanare la società moderna mediante una rinascita spirituale promossa dalla ripresa dei valori umani di base, simili a quelli suggeriti dal mito fin dai tempi antichi. A tutto ciò i Mitomodernisti propongono un'alternativa che aiuti l'uomo contemporaneo a superare gli impedimenti creati da queste "malattie" moderne, particolarmente nell'ambito occidentale, siano queste socioculturali, ecologiche, religiose, o altre. Attraverso tutta l'opera di Conte si percepisce chiaramente questo desiderio di rinascita che per lo scrittore si concretizza nel "Fare Anima", vale a dire in un modo di ricollegarsi al cosmo, di innalzarsi verso la "luce". Questa tensione verso la rinascita può venire metaforicamente comparata alla ricerca del Graal attraverso la sofferenza che redime. L'opera visionaria dell'artista è paragonabile al viaggio extrasensoriale intrapreso dallo sciamano durante la sua trance. Per questo motivo nella Prima Parte di questo studio si esamina la figura dello sciamano anche in ambito socioculturale per poterla poi meglio trasferire in quello letterario. La Parte Seconda è completamente dedicata all'analisi dell'opera contiana - poesie, romanzi e, trasversalmente, i saggi e gli articoli alla luce dei suoi temi portanti, che dello scrittore fanno metaforicamente uno "sciamano". L'analisi viene condotta basandosi su alcuni concetti elaborati dallo psicoanalista svizzero Carl Gustav Jung, quali la funzione ed il simbolismo del mito in letteratura da una prospettiva psicoanalitica. / Classics & Mod Euro Lang / D. Lit. et Phil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Furgeri de Oliveira.pdf: 926385 bytes, checksum: 41cc9a1a7b7b35cd22d81d477a3ff7c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-22 / This work has the intention of questioning the terms in which the approach of the analyst-patient relationship is given, in psychoanalysis. The proposition is that is it possible for the analyst to listen to the patient and to be permitted to use sensibility as part of the technical heritage, without taking refuge in a previous theoretical framework to orient his or her listening. The Wounded Centaur serves the text as key-metaphor in this relationship, given that, according to this ancestral myth, the very disciple that had wounded Quiron/analyst (by imploding the supposed knowledge), is also the one who facilitated the cure (providing the insight that untangles the setting). Chapter I presents by means of a paradigmatic case-analysis situations that lead to the questioning of some common places of psychoanalytic theory. Chapter II introduces, in the light of the Multiple Fields Theory, the principal concepts with which to confront the impasses of clinical practice. Chapter III shows these concepts in action in the referred case-analysis, to reach a conclusion pertaining to the interaction between analyst (wounded healer) and patient (disciple that wounds). With that, it is hoped to demonstrate the viability of taking up again the prime Freudian posture, restoring patient and his or her discourse, at the center of the analysis / Este trabalho tenciona questionar os termos em que se dá, na psicanálise, a abordagem da relação analista-paciente. Propõe ser possível ao analista ouvir seu paciente e se permitir usar de sensibilidade como parte do cabedal técnico, sem se refugiar em um prévio enquadramento teórico para orientar a escuta. O Centauro Ferido serve ao texto como metáfora-chave dessa relação, uma vez que, segundo este mito ancestral, o próprio discípulo que ferira Quíron/analista (ao implodir seu suposto saber), é também aquele que facilitou sua cura (proporcionando-lhe o insight que desembaraça o setting). O capítulo I apresenta, por meio de um caso clínico paradigmático, situações que levaram ao questionamento de alguns lugares-comuns da teoria psicanalítica. O capítulo II nos introduz, à luz da Teoria dos Campos, nos principais conceitos com os quais enfrentar os impasses da prática clínica. O capítulo III mostra esses conceitos em ação no referido caso clínico, para chegar a uma conclusão acerca da interação entre analista (curador ferido) e paciente (discípulo que fere). Com isso, espera-se demonstrar a viabilidade de se retomar a postura freudiana dos primórdios, recolocando no centro da análise o paciente e seu discurso

As the major combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan fade from headline news, the effect remains a national concern for the 2.6 million post-9/11 veterans. Their hardships form the basis for this qualitative case study, which analyzed the organizational change effort at the Wounded Warrior Regiment (WWR). This organization, specifically formed by the U.S. Marine Corps, instituted the necessary programs to meet the needs of Marine wounded warriors. However, the needs of these warriors are different now, and the WWR must adapt to remain relevant. The transformative change model presented by Anderson and Anderson formed the conceptual framework for this case study, which explored the central research question of how the leaders of an organization designed for a special mission effectively transform their operations to respond to new demands in a complex environment. The results from this case study, denoted by 8 themes, were derived from the analysis of the transcripts from 19 interviews conducted with representatives of the WWR. The 19 participants represented the diverse workforce of the WWR and were located at its sections across the country. To identify the emergent themes, structural and pattern coding methods were used as the data analysis process. Two themes from the data analysis were: developing a strategic communication plan and advancing the relevance of the WWR. The results from the case study were intended to help the leaders of the WWR realign their operations to achieve their new strategic objectives. This study is significant because it assessed the organizational change effort at the WWR to gain knowledge about veterans that may promote positive social change by informing the broader community of veteran support agencies about the urgent needs of the post-9/11 veterans.

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-234).

Shell Shock, described as the ‘emblematic psychiatric disorder’ of the First World War has long been synonymous with its soldiers. Its association with close proximity to exploding shells and thus the front lines, leading to the various symptoms of ‘shock’, has both facilitated and ensured its existence throughout the twentieth and twenty first centuries as a masculine affliction. Of the many shell shock studies that have been produced over the last few decades all have focused purely on the experience of the male combatant, predominantly because of this long held preoccupation with ‘front-line’ warfare and its consequences apparently being the preserve of men. Despite the prolonged interest and analysis of shell shock by medical and social historians along with a significant amount of work by feminist and, more recently, revisionist historians, detailing the involvement of women in the First World War, there is stHl no comprehensive study of the psychological problems encountered and suffered by the women who served alongside the British Expeditionary Forces (BEE). However, this study of the roles and duties of a specific group of women, namely nurses, voluntary aid detachments, and ambulance drivers, reveals they frequently endured a variety of traumatic experiences, involving injuries and fatalities, through the vicarious witnessing and dealing with horrific sights and sounds, all compounded by extremes of conditions and privations. Many, if not all, of these factors were given as antecedents for war neurosis in soldiers. Yet, while the nurse has been idolised for her role in the Great War, her experience of psychological ‘breakdown’ has not been examined. This thesis, through the analysis of professional medical literature, of medical case notes, personal testimonies, diaries and autobiographies, is a contribution to the areas of women’s history, medical history and, more specifically, to the history of psychological war trauma. Following a review of the literature in chapter one, chapter two is a re-examination of the proximity of nurses to the fighting zones and therefore of their exposure to danger. Chapter three analyses the nurses’ experience and subsequent symptoms of war trauma, including, importantly, how contemporary medical authorities understood the disorder, and then cared for and managed their female sufferers. These two chapters fundamentally argue that the notion of war-induced traumatic neurosis being the preserve of men is essentially pretence, and that this ‘focus’ on male sufferers means the history of the condition is incomplete. Chapter four essentially examines the issues of repatriation faced by these nurses, specifically examining the evolution of war disability pensions process of which they were excluded until 1920. It also looks at how the nurse, as female war veteran, coped with the consequences of her war experience. In conclusion, this thesis asserts that these nurses did indeed suffer psychologically for their involvement in this war and not because their symptoms and disorders ‘resembled’ those experienced by men, but were in fact, indistinguishable to the extent that some nurses were classed as ‘shellshocked’