The automatic recognition of hand-written text has been a goal for over thirty five years. The highly ambiguous nature of cursive writing (with high variability between not only different writers, but even between different samples from the same writer), means that systems based only on visual information are prone to errors. It is suggested that the application of linguistic knowledge to the recognition task may improve recognition accuracy. If a low-level (pattern recognition based) recogniser produces a candidate lattice (i.e. a directed graph giving a number of alternatives at each word position in a sentence), then linguistic knowledge can be used to find the 'best' path through the lattice. There are many forms of linguistic knowledge that may be used to this end. This thesis looks specifically at the use of collocation as a source of linguistic knowledge. Collocation describes the statistical tendency of certain words to co-occur in a language, within a defined range. It is suggested that this tendency may be exploited to aid automatic text recognition. The construction and use of a post-processing system incorporating collocational knowledge is described, as are a number of experiments designed to test the effectiveness of collocation as an aid to text recognition. The results of these experiments suggest that collocational statistics may be a useful form of knowledge for this application and that further research may produce a system of real practical use.

Στόχος της παρούσας πτυχιακής εργασίας είναι να εξηγήσει το ρόλο που έχει σε ένα γραπτό κείμενο και στην κατανόησή του ο συγγραφέας, υπό ποιους όρους το κατανοεί ο αναγνώστης και κυρίως τη λειτουργία του ίδιου του γραπτού κειμένου στη διπλή σχέση του τόσο με τον συγγραφέα όσο και με τον αναγνώστη. Αφετηρία για τη μελέτη αυτή αποτελεί η σύγχρονη συζήτηση στη φιλολογία και τη θεωρία της λογοτεχνίας, σχετικά με την πρόθεση του συγγραφέα. Δύο κείμενα του Πλάτωνα, ο «Φαίδρος» και η «7η Επιστολή», θα βοηθήσουν να παρουσιαστεί πιο αναλυτικά το ζήτημα της κατανόησης. / The aim of this dissertation is to explain: a) the role of the author in a written text and in its understanding, b) under which circumstances the reader understand the written text and c) the function of the written text. Main point of this study is the contemporary discussion between philology and theory of literature, as far as the intention of the author is concerned. The analysis of two books of Plato, “Phaedrus” and “Seventh Letter”, will contribute to the presentation of the matter of understanding more extensively.

This thesis deals with time and space expresion in written composition of 5th and 9th grade students. The thesis is dividend in two parts. First on eis focused on teoretici knowledge of naratology, development psychology and research of language acqusition regarding upper primary school students. Written compositions of 5th and 9th grade students are analyzed in sekond (practical) part according to knowledge described in first part of this thesis. Areas of interest are koherence of expresion, time, space and charakter describing. In closing of this part is comparison between both age Gross. In conclusion you can find proposals for school edication improvng according to results of students works analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 henrique_mab_me_assis.pdf: 552912 bytes, checksum: 24d82581dbb6fa0c7d2e7c7a42cf7fb7 (MD5) / Partindo da concepção de que a linguagem é uma forma de interação social, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar como se dá o processo argumentativo/persuasivo no âmbito da linguagem escrita em três revistas de atualidades. O foco deste estudo está centrado em reconhecer os aspectos lingüísticos e extralingüísticos utilizados pelos locutores dos textos visando à adesão do seu referencial de interlocutor. Para verificação de tal propósito, foram utilizados os pressupostos da Lingüística Textual e suas linhas precursoras. Em busca de uma análise profícua, procura-se evidenciar os expedientes de formulação textual que constituem a posição do enunciador em relação às suas visões mundo postas em disputa por meio da linguagem. / From the view that langugage is a kind of social interaction, the purpose of this research is verifying how the argumentative/persuasive process takes place in the scope of written language inside three current news magazines. This study focuses in recognizing the linguistics and extralinguistics aspects by the text annuncer aiming the adehesion of his interlocutor profile. Trying to verify it, Text Analise presupposals and ists forerunner studies were used. In search of a propositable analysis, it's tried to show up the textual formulation resources which make part of the anuncitor's position regarding his point of view about the world submitted to dispute through the language.

Orientador: Rony Farto Pereira / Banca: Maria do Carmo de Oliveira Turchiari Santos / Banca: Odilon Helou Fleury Curado / Resumo: Partindo da concepção de que a linguagem é uma forma de interação social, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar como se dá o processo argumentativo/persuasivo no âmbito da linguagem escrita em três revistas de atualidades. O foco deste estudo está centrado em reconhecer os aspectos lingüísticos e extralingüísticos utilizados pelos locutores dos textos visando à adesão do seu referencial de interlocutor. Para verificação de tal propósito, foram utilizados os pressupostos da Lingüística Textual e suas linhas precursoras. Em busca de uma análise profícua, procura-se evidenciar os expedientes de formulação textual que constituem a posição do enunciador em relação às suas visões mundo postas em disputa por meio da linguagem. / Abstract: From the view that langugage is a kind of social interaction, the purpose of this research is verifying how the argumentative/persuasive process takes place in the scope of written language inside three current news magazines. This study focuses in recognizing the linguistics and extralinguistics aspects by the text annuncer aiming the adehesion of his interlocutor profile. Trying to verify it, Text Analise presupposals and ists forerunner studies were used. In search of a propositable analysis, it's tried to show up the textual formulation resources which make part of the anuncitor's position regarding his point of view about the world submitted to dispute through the language. / Mestre

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-11T17:36:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Adiano-BC.pdf: 7401702 bytes, checksum: 6b28f8e30c070212151e0a806655bd7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T17:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Adiano-BC.pdf: 7401702 bytes, checksum: 6b28f8e30c070212151e0a806655bd7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Este trabalho investiga a realização de metáforas multimodais a partir da interação entre textos escritos e imagens em anúncios publicitários impressos. Para tanto, partese da contribuição da Linguística Sociocognitiva, que encara a linguagem enquanto atividade de conceptualização e concebe a metáfora como elemento do pensamento, das linguagens e das ações (LAKOFF e JOHNSON, 1980 e 1999; LAKOFF, 1987 e 2008). O corpus da pesquisa foi recolhido a partir do acompanhamento, no período de julho de 2013 a junho de 2014, das cinco revistas mensais com maior tiragem nacional: Claudia, Nova Escola, Quatro Rodas, Seleções Reader´s Digest e Superinteressante. Esses títulos foram lidos com o objetivo de verificar a realização multimodal de metáforas. Adotamos as sugestões metodológicas propostas por Schmitt (2005), que têm como objetivo congregar fatores subjetivos e procedimentos metodológicos na análise de metáforas e tenta reconstruir modelos de pensamento, de linguagem e de ação. Ao final da coleta, o corpus foi composto por 30 (trinta) anúncios. As análises mostraram a realização de metáforas multimodais de quatro categorias diferentes: (i) alvo multimodal é fonte visual, (ii) alvo verbal é fonte multimodal, (iii) alvo verbal é fonte visual e (iv) alvo multimodal é fonte multimodal. Essas instanciações cumprem funções cognitivo-discursivas distintas no discurso publicitário. Além disso, os achados evidenciaram a realização de metáforas convencionais (VIDA É VIAGEM, por exemplo) e, também, de metáforas episódicas (processador [de celular] é corredor, por exemplo). Essas realizações não parecem ser aleatórias, mas cumprem, assim como as categorias descritas, propósitos definidos nos textos analisados. As categorias propostas possibilitam a reflexão acerca dos mapeamentos metafóricos e das modalidades que envolvem a sua realização e o seu uso no discurso publicitário. / The aim of this work is to investigate the instantiations of multimodal metaphors from the interaction between written texts and images on printed advertisements. For this purpose, we based the research on the Socio-cognitive Linguistics contribution, which postulates language as an activity of conceptualization and conceives metaphor as an element of thought, language and actions (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980 and 1999; Lakoff, 1987 and 2008). The corpus of the research was collected from monitoring, from July 2013 to June 2014, the five largest monthly magazines with national circulation: Claudia, Nova Escola, Quatro Rodas, Seleções Reader's Digest and Superinteressante. These magazines were read in order to check the realization of multimodal metaphors. We adopted methodological suggestions proposed by Schmitt (2005), which aim to gather subjective factors and methodological procedures in the analysis of metaphors and attempts to reconstruct models of thought, speech and action. At the end of the collection, the corpus was composed of thirty (30) printed advertisements. Analyses showed the realization of multimodal metaphors in four different categories: (i) multimodal target is visual source, (ii) verbal target is multimodal source, (iii) verbal target is visual source and (iv) multimodal target is multimodal source. These instantiations meet cognitive-discursive distinct functions in advertising discourse. In addition, the findings showed the performance of conventional metaphors (LIFE IS A JOURNEY, for example) and episodic metaphors (processor [of cellphones] is running, for example). These embodiments do not appear to be random, but they serve for defined purposes in the analyzed texts. The proposed categories enable reflection on the metaphorical mappings and arrangements involving their realization and their use in advertising discourse.

The master‘s thesis deals with the analysis of the hand-written text. There is a design and a realization of a system for the purpose of diagnosing a Parkinson’s desease based on the analysis of hand-written text. The system consists from several modules and it is programmed in the programming environment of MATLAB. The first module provides pre-processing of the records to adjust records to the form suitable for the segmentation. Afterwards, the records are divided into those with signals onto the surface of the tablet and those with the signals above the surface of the tablet. In the next module the records are segmented by the two-phase metod of automatic segmentation.High-level featuresare calculated from the extracted features. The results of the statistical analysis are exported in the form suitable for the classification process. The classification is performed by the proposed model made in the programming environment of RapidMiner. The output of designed system is the trained model capable of automatic classification of the Parkinson’s disease by the analysis of the hand-written text.

The master‘s thesis deals with the analysis of the hand-written text. There is a design and a realization of a system for the purpose of diagnosing a Parkinson’s desease based on the analysis of hand-written text. The system consists from several modules and it is programmed in the programming environment of MATLAB. The first module provides pre-processing of the records to adjust records to the form suitable for the segmentation. Afterwards, the records are divided into those with signals onto the surface of the tablet and those with the signals above the surface of the tablet. In the next module the records are segmented by the two-phase metod of automatic segmentation.High-level featuresare calculated from the extracted features. The results of the statistical analysis are exported in the form suitable for the classification process. The classification is performed by the proposed model made in the programming environment of RapidMiner. The output of designed system is the trained model capable of automatic classification of the Parkinson’s disease by the analysis of the hand-written text.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-19T12:34:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseneide Simões da Silva.pdf: 30064485 bytes, checksum: 175fc7aec4a367b5e339d5798115e5cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T12:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseneide Simões da Silva.pdf: 30064485 bytes, checksum: 175fc7aec4a367b5e339d5798115e5cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation is linked to the research line: Text and Speech in oral and written format, the Program of Studies in Portuguese language of PUC-SP. It is therefore subject to present a proposal for a teaching of gender-textual narrative discourse of history for students of the 5th year of elementary education at a public school peripheral areas of the city of São Paulo.The problem addressed in this research is to find out what strategies are applied to the construction of the narrative genre of history. It is a general objective to contribute to the teaching proposal of the genre textual-discursive narrative of history. Specific objectives are: Diagnose what the student already knows about the production of written text of the narrative genre of history; To propose a didactic sequence that propitiates an improvement in the written production of the textual genre: history narrative; Apply activities of production of written text of the narrative genre of history; It is general objective contribute with the proposal of teaching of gender textual-discursive narrative of history. Are specific objectives: to diagnose what students already know about the production of written text of the narrative genre of history; Propose a didactic sequence that drives an improvement in written production of textual genre: narrative of history; apply the production of written text of the narrative genre of history; To verify the use of textual categories (presentation, conflict, resolution, followed by evaluation or morality) in the production of written text of the narrative textual genre of history.The methodological procedure is qualitative analytical with application of a didactic sequence in the classroom. The analysis material was collected from students-informants of the 5th year. The results obtained indicate that the proposal made in this dissertation, permitted them to differentiate into narrative report of narrative of history; as well as produce texts of the narrative of history as well organized. We conclude that the proposed strategies are effective and that teachers, in general, have difficulties to teach the difference between narrative account of the narrative of history, because they have little theoretical knowledge of the subject treated / Esta dissertação está vinculada à linha de pesquisa: Texto e discurso nas modalidades oral e escrita, do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da PUC-SP. Tem-se por tema apresentar uma proposta de ensino do gênero textual–discursivo narrativa de história para alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual periférica da cidade de São Paulo. É objetivo geral contribuir com a proposta de ensino do gênero textual-discursivo narrativa de história. São objetivos específicos: Diagnosticar o que o aluno já sabe sobre a produção de texto escrito do gênero narrativo de história; Propor uma sequência didática que propicie uma melhora na produção escrita do gênero textual: narrativa de história; Aplicar atividades de produção de texto escrito do gênero narrativo de história; Verificar o uso das categorias textuais (apresentação, conflito, resolução, seguidas de avaliação ou moral) na produção de texto escrito do gênero textual narrativo de história. O procedimento metodológico é analítico qualitativo com aplicação de uma sequência didática em sala de aula. O material de análise foi coletado de alunos-informantes do 5º ano. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a proposta feita, nesta dissertação, possibilitou-lhes diferenciar em narrativa de relato de narrativa de história; assim como produzirem textos de narrativa de história bem organizados. Concluímos que as estratégias propostas são eficazes e que os professores, de forma geral, têm dificuldades para ensinar a diferença entre narrativa de relato da narrativa de história, por terem pouco conhecimento teórico da questão tratada

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