In Latin American literary history, writing has been primarily a male-dominated activity. It is not until the second part of the nineteenth century, when the first generation of women writers appeared, that the act of writing novels, essays, and poetry allowed them to have a voice in the public sphere. Through their writings, women authors redefined women's roles in a society strongly influenced by patriarchal beliefs. This dissertation focuses on three authors from the Peru and Argentina: Clorinda Matto de Turner (1852-1909), Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera (1842-1909) and Juana Manuela Gorriti (1818-1892), and has two principal aims. The first is to demonstrate that, through the act of writing, these women writers crossed the boundaries from the private sphere of the home to the public arena of political action. I argue that, once they entered the public space, they openly expressed their opinions about how to improve the social situation of women, concentrating most of their efforts on supporting women's education as a path to social and economic independence. As a second aim, I analyze a set of novels in depth to show that by representing women as subjects in their novels, these nineteenth-century women writers contradicted the patriarchal-liberal ideology that defined women primarily as objects. Some of the existing research on nineteenth-century women writers argues that their representations of women reinforced patriarchal beliefs, since female characters were still kept within the limits of the domestic realm. However, my research shows that there was an important resistance to patriarchal-liberal constraints in Matto, Cabello and Gorrriti' writings. Applying the theory of scholars such as Mary Poovey, Bridget Aldaraca, and Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, I show that even though women characters in these novels do not leave the house to participate completely in public life, they start to exert control over their own lives and become more independent. Thus, I demonstrate that women writers portrayed their female characters as the initiators of political action with direct implications in the public sphere. Women characters also protest against the marginalized conditions of other social and ethnic groups. Female characters reinforce the need for a secular education for women, which can provide them with knowledge in the sciences and arts, and hence with means to become professionals. Women characters and their authors move between the private and the public spheres in order to make their voices heard. This was a real challenge for women in a century that witnessed many changes in social and political life; however, none of those changes aimed at providing women the rights of independence and full participation in the public sphere.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-22T19:38:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rodrigo Lopesseg.pdf: 6101495 bytes, checksum: b7c89ccd1c5eda9de5eec5c37b07bb18 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-24T11:27:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rodrigo Lopesseg.pdf: 6101495 bytes, checksum: b7c89ccd1c5eda9de5eec5c37b07bb18 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T11:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rodrigo Lopesseg.pdf: 6101495 bytes, checksum: b7c89ccd1c5eda9de5eec5c37b07bb18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Esta dissertação analisa o abastecimento de carne verde em Salvador, no século XIX, tendo como objetos principais de análise, a Superintendência do Matadouro Público da Bahia - criada em 1866, sob administração provincial e municipal - e a prática de atravessamento e formação de monopólio sobre o comércio de carne verde, referendados freqüentemente nas fontes documentais, como principais fatores responsáveis, pelo alto custo da carne vendida em Salvador. Para tanto, busca as origens das dificuldades que cercavam o abastecimento, nos caminhos percorridos pelos rebanhos, na fiscalização deficiente dos Registros de gado e nos abusos cometidos pelas pessoas que negociavam diretamente a carne verde no mercado de Salvador. / Salvador

La nationalisation des masses italiennes à partir de 1861 est passée entre autres par le culte rendu à Cavour, Garibaldi, Mazzini et Victor-Emmanuel II qui furent des acteurs de premier plan de la scène politique italienne à partir de la révolution de 1848. Une reconstitution a posteriori de leurs actions, opérée par le nouvel Etat, les présentait comme ayant lutté de concert pour aboutir à l'unité de la péninsule sous le sceptre de la maison de Savoie. Cette vision syncrétique du passé, qui gommait les profonds clivages idéologiques existant entre ces acteurs, avait pour but de désamorcer la forte conflictualité politique à laquelle le nouvel Etat devait faire face en cherchant à créer un consensus autour de la forme politique qui l'avait emporté au terme du processus unitaire.De l'écrasement de la République romaine par les troupes du général Oudinot en 1849 à la brèche de Porta Pia en 1870, ce processus unitaire a toujours eu à compter avec la France. Si les aspects proprement politiques et diplomatiques du rôle joué par la France en Italie sont bien connus, les différentes perceptions circulant dans le champ politique français sur la péninsule ont été jusqu'à présent peu étudiées. A partir du dépouillement de textes de tous genres (brochures, biographies, chants, poèmes, essais, récits historiques etc.) et de titres de presse publiés à partir de 1848 et jusqu'en 1914, c'est-à-dire durant la période au cours de laquelle tous les Etats européens tentent d'intégrer leurs masses à leur jeu politique, le présent travail se propose d'analyser quelles représentations antagonistes circulent en France de ceux que l'Italie finit par considérer comme ses « pères fondateurs ». Cette étude permet de voir comment est appréhendé en France le discours national italien et quelle distorsion il subit en de mettre à jour les différentes cultures politiques qui s'affrontent pour imposer un discours dominant dans l'espace public et tente de démontrer que le discours sur la construction nationale de l'autre italien, s'il a évolué, a toujours été un discours sur l'identité politique française, tant en matière intérieure qu'en matière extérieure. Elle tente de prouver ainsi que le regard sur autrui a donc toujours été un prétexte pour élaborer un discours sur soi. / The nationalisation of the Italian masses from 1861 went through the worshiping of Cavour, Garibaldi, Mazzini and Victor-Emmanuel II, who were leading political actors of the Italian political scene from the 1848 revolution. A later reconstruction of their actions, carried out by the new State, showed them having fought jointly to lead to the unity of the peninsula under the authority of the House of Savoy.This syncretic vision of the past which removed the deep ideological divides between those protagonists, aims to defuse the strong rate of political conflictwhich the new State had to face by trying to create a consensus around the political form which had prevailed once the unitarian process achieved.From the crushing of the Roman republic by the troops of General Oudinot in 1849 to the breach of Porta Pia in 1870, this unitarian process always had to reckon with France. If the specifically political and diplomatic aspects of the role played by France in Italy are well-known, the different perceptions of the peninsula going around in the French political field have not been studied a lot until now. On the basis of the analysis of texts of all kinds (brochures, biographies, songs, poems, essays, historical accounts etc.) and of print titles published from 1948 onwards and until 1914, that is the period when all the European states tried to integrate their masses into their political game, this work intends to analyse what conflicting representations go around in France of the ones that Italy ends up considering as her “ founding fathers”. This study allows us to see how the Italian national position was comprehended in France and what distortion it suffers viewed in a political context different from its original place of elaboration. It permits to unveil the different political cultures confronting to impose a prevailing line in the public space and tries to demonstrate how the position on the national construction of the Italian ‘other', if it has evolved, has always been a position on the French political identity, in terms of both domestic and foreign matters. That way, it aims at proving that the look on others has thus always been a pretext to work out a position on oneself

Tomando como ponto de partida a inserção dos processos de independência luso e hispano-americanos como parte de uma mesma conjuntura revolucionária mundial, a presente pesquisa aborda as trocas de experiências políticas entre o Vice- Reino do Peru e a América Portuguesa no contexto mencionado. Investiga-se a leitura do mundo luso-americano na imprensa e na política hispano-peruana entre os anos de 1808 e 1822, aventando a possibilidade de que o compartilhamento de experiências políticas entre o Vice-Reino do Peru e a América portuguesa possa ter influenciado as percepções, os projetos e as reações desses espaços diante da crise do Antigo Regime na América / The present research approaches the exchanges of political experiences between the Vice-Reign of Peru and the Portuguese America during their independence processes, starting from the assumption that they were part of the same world revolutionary conjuncture. The Vice-Reign of Peru and the Portuguese America are seen in relation to their reciprocal determination in this context, focusing on the reading of the Luso-American world in the Peruvian press and politics between 1808 and 1822. It seeks to understand how the sharing of experiences between the Vice-Reign of Peru and the Portuguese America influenced the perceptions, the projections, and the reactions of these spaces towards the crisis of the Ancient Regimen in the Portuguese America

Esta dissertação analisa as descrições populacionais escritas por Richard Francis Burton entre os anos de 1849 e 1869, publicadas em seus relatos de viagem sobre as regiões da Índia, Península Arábica, África Oriental, Central e Ocidental, e Brasil (viagens realizadas entre 1847 e 1867). O objetivo deste trabalho é notar as transformações nestas descrições e relacioná-las ao lugar de autoridade, à experiência da viagem e à alguns conceitos oriundos da etnologia e antropologia inglesa por volta deste período. A hipótese é que estes elementos interagem na construção do texto do autor e que a compreensão do conteúdo destas descrições torna-se bastante mais efetiva quando se considera esta interação. As posições ambíguas de Burton em especial quanto aos debates entre opções teóricas monogênicas e poligênicas tornam-se mais compreensíveis a partir do ponto de vista que analisa suas descrições através da observação destes três elementos. / This dissertation analyses the populational descriptions written by Richard Francis Burton between 1849 and 1869, published in his books of travel above the regions of India, Arabic Peninsula, East, Central and West Africa, and Brazil (travels achieved between 1847-1867). The aim of this work is to note the transformations in these descriptions and connect them with the authority position, the experience of each travel, and the production of British ethnology and anthropology around those years. The hypothesis is that these elements interact in the construction of the author’s writings, and that the understanding of these descriptions’ contents become much more effective when this interaction is considered. Burton’s ambiguous positions, specially on the debates between monogenic and poligenic theoretic options, become more understandable when observed by the point of view which analyses his descriptions throughout the observation of these three elements.

O presente trabalho se propõe como uma análise detida da plêiade de textos que circularam nos periódicos acadêmicos O acayaba, Ensaios Literários, Ensaios Literários do Ateneu Paulistano e Revista Mensal do Ensaio Filosófico, todos publicados entre 1845-1855. A partir do viés da literatura, intentou-se iluminar o corpus em vias de se delinear o objeto: as discussões polêmicas acerca de propostas poéticas e políticas que se imiscuíram, àquela altura, às discussões de um projeto nacional. Evadindo os painés históricos intepretativos, preferiu-se uma abordagem mais aproximada dos textos, de modo a possibilitar a exploração da densidade de tais temas, discutindo assim questões pertinentes de filosofia da história, estética e retórica que despontam da argumentação presente no corpus. Espera-se que no processo, tenha-se contribuído ainda que minimamente para as discussões acerca do romantismo, evidenciando algumas das diversas tendências intelectuais defendidas por uma mesma geração romântica. Entre as linhas de força analisadas estão a permanência do conceito teísta de Providência Divina, no que tange a filosofia da história, assim como a recepção das modernas teses de extração iluminista (ou contra-iluminista); as interpretações sobre a história nacional, a construção da identidade e do cânone; as incorporações da estética romântica europeia, assim como à resistência a ela por via da longa duração da retórica grecolatina a propor certa desconfiança em relação à modernidade vindoura. Ao cabo, intentou-se demonstrar como fatores tais quais a lógica do mecenato imperial por um lado, a precariedade do sistema literário por outro e ainda, a especificidade da lógica comunitária dos românticos universitários acabaram por produzir um locus único e plural de reflexão no âmbito da história e da estética. / The present dissertation proposes an analysis of a myriad of texts that circulated in the academic journals O acayaba, Ensaios Literários, Ensaios Literários do Ateneu Paulistano and Revista Mensal do Ensaio Filosófico, all published between 1845-1855. From the bias of literature, weve tried to illuminate the corpus in the process of delineating the object: the controversial discussions about poetic and political proposals that at that time were involved in the discussions of a national project. Against historical interpretive panels, a closer approximation of texts was preferred, in order to explore the density of such themes, thus discussing pertinent questions of philosophy of history, aesthetics, and rhetoric emerging from the arguments in the corpus. We hope that in the process, it has contributed even minimally to the discussions about brazilian romanticism, highlighting some of the various intellectual tendencies advocated by the same romantic generation. Among the guidelines analyzed are the permanence of the theistic concept of Divine Providence, as regards the philosophy of history, as well as the reception of modern Enlightenment (or counterenlightenment) theses; interpretations on national history, the construction of identity and the canon; the incorporation of European Romantic aesthetics, as well as resistance to it through the long duration of Greco-Latin rhetoric, thous proposing certain mistrust on the future modernity. At last, weve tried to demonstrate how factors such as the logic of imperial patronage on the one hand, the precariousness of the literary system on the other, and also the specificity of the community logic of university students ended up producing a unique and plural locus of reflection in the scope history and aesthetics.

O presente trabalho se propõe a observar e analisar os encontros entre o Brasil e o México durante seus processos de independência (1808-1822), entendendo que, por meio desses encontros ambos trocaram experiências políticas em meio a uma mesma unidade histórica. Os espaços americanos escolhidos foram estudados a partir da leitura do mundo lusoamericano na imprensa periódica da Nova Espanha. No entanto, o olhar sobre o fenômeno contrário também foi objeto deste estudo. Assim, buscamos compreender os pontos de contato político, entre o Brasil e o México, em meio à crise do Antigo Regime no mundo ocidental. / This present study aims to observe and analyze the meetings between Brazil and Mexico during their process of independence (1808-1822), understanding that, through these meetings both exchanged political experiences between a historic same unit. The chosen American spaces were studied from reading lusoamerican world in the periodical press of New Spain. However, the look on the opposite phenomenon was also the subject of this study. So, we seek to understand the political points of contact between Brazil and Mexico, through the crisis of the Old Regime in the Western world.

A fim de investigar a relação entre processo social e forma literária nOs Maias, de Eça de Queirós, o presente trabalho propõe a análise das afinidades entre a composição de classe representada no romance (sobretudo no embate entre uma aristocracia resiliente e uma burguesia ascendente) e o tema do incesto, a partir do conceito de figuração tal qual desenvolvido por Norbert Elias. / Aiming to investigate the relationship between social process and literary form in Os Maias [The Maias], by Eça de Queirós, this work purpose is to analyze the affinities between the class composition represented in the novel (mainly in the clash concerning a resilient aristocracy and an ascendant bourgeoisie) and the theme of the incest, taking into account the concept of figuration as developed by Norbert Elias.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:49:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Brand Pasini.pdf: 2308453 bytes, checksum: c02cd061608c11366b4358b5bb58da29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is in the area of historical studies of penal institutions. With it we aim to understand the role of the prison in the province of Parana in the nineteenth century, it is one of the requirements, among others, for a desired modernity enter therein the province. Issues such as crime, domination and resistance forward discussions within the justice in Brazil in the nineteenth century and allow us to understand the projects that the dominant segments had to ensure public order and control over the subaltern segments. Distribution of reports of Justice Business provide the elements for understanding the discussion about justice in the province and how the prison falls within that context. We plan from the reflection about this desired modernity to Brazil, to understand how this project came to the country and how it was linked to the reality then. Finally, we turn our gaze to the province of Parana, between the years 1853 and 1889, seeking to understand the speeches made by the provincial presidents of the chains, their material conditions and articulate this debate with the administration of justice and the use of prisons as a penalty for the crimes committed. Within this space cut back our look at the Castro Village, due to the recurring concern revealed in relation to the safety of the town and the provincial capital, where the province criminals were sent. In this sense, we analyze processes Castro crimes indicating jailbreak or break chains and talks about the chain of capital present in the reports of the provincial presidents who can provide us with clues about their operation and conditions. / Este trabalho situa-se na área de estudos históricos sobre instituições penais. Com ele pretendemos compreender o papel da prisão na província do Paraná no século XIX, sendo ela um dos requisitos, dentre outros, para que uma almejada modernidade adentrasse à província. Questões como criminalidade, dominação e resistência encaminham discussões no âmbito da justiça no Brasil do Oitocentos e nos permitem compreender os projetos que os segmentos dominantes tinham para assegurar a tranquilidade pública e o controle sobre os segmentos subalternos. Os relatórios da Repartição dos Negócios da Justiça nos fornecem elementos para compreendermos as discussões a respeito da justiça na província e como a prisão se insere nesse contexto. Pretendemos a partir da reflexão a respeito desta modernidade almejada para o Brasil, compreender como esse projeto chegou ao país e como ele foi articulado com a realidade de então. Por fim, voltamos nosso olhar para a província do Paraná, entre os anos de 1853 e 1889, procurando entender os discursos produzidos pelos presidentes da província sobre as cadeias, suas condições materiais e articular esse debate com o funcionamento da justiça e o uso das prisões como penalização para os delitos cometidos. Dentro desse recorte espacial voltaremos nosso olhar para a Vila de Castro, por conta da recorrente preocupação revelada em relação à segurança dessa localidade e para a capital da província, para onde eram remetidos os criminosos da província. Nesse sentido, analisamos processos crimes de Castro que indiquem fuga de presos ou arrombamento de cadeias e as falas a respeito da cadeia da capital presentes nos relatórios dos presidentes provinciais que possam nos fornecer indícios sobre seu funcionamento e condições.

A fim de investigar a relação entre processo social e forma literária nOs Maias, de Eça de Queirós, o presente trabalho propõe a análise das afinidades entre a composição de classe representada no romance (sobretudo no embate entre uma aristocracia resiliente e uma burguesia ascendente) e o tema do incesto, a partir do conceito de figuração tal qual desenvolvido por Norbert Elias. / Aiming to investigate the relationship between social process and literary form in Os Maias [The Maias], by Eça de Queirós, this work purpose is to analyze the affinities between the class composition represented in the novel (mainly in the clash concerning a resilient aristocracy and an ascendant bourgeoisie) and the theme of the incest, taking into account the concept of figuration as developed by Norbert Elias.