La recherche d'information (RI) dans des documents semi-structurés<br />(écrits en XML en pratique) combine des aspects de la RI<br />traditionnelle et ceux de l'interrogation de bases de données. La<br />structure a une importance primordiale, mais le besoin d'information<br />reste vague. L'unité de recherche est variable (un paragraphe, une<br />figure, un article complet\dots). Par ailleurs, la flexibilité du<br />langage XML autorise des manipulations du contenu qui provoquent<br />parfois des ruptures arbitraires dans le flot naturel du texte.<br /><br />Les problèmes posés par ces caractéristiques sont nombreux, que ce<br />soit au niveau du pré-traitement des documents ou de leur<br />interrogation. Face à ces problèmes, nous avons étudié les solutions<br />spécifiques que pouvait apporter le traitement automatique de la<br />langue (TAL). Nous avons ainsi proposé un cadre théorique et une<br />approche pratique pour permettre l'utilisation des techniques<br />d'analyse textuelle en faisant abstraction de la structure. Nous avons<br />également conçu une interface d'interrogation en langage naturel pour<br />la RI dans les documents XML, et proposé des méthodes tirant profit de<br />la structure pour améliorer la recherche des éléments pertinents.

Magistro darbo tema – Transformavimo operatoriai pusiau struktūrizuotų (XML) duomenų bazių užklausų kalbose. Yra nustatoma tyrimui naudojama užklausų kalba – XQuery. Detaliai aprašoma informacija susijusi su užklausų kalba ir informacija, kuri bus naudojama XQuery užklausų kalbos transformavimo operatorių (šiame darbe – funkcijų) kūrime, bei tyrime. Pasinaudojama formaliu modeliu pasiūlytu „Université de Toulon et du Var“ universiteto tyrimo grupės [BMM03]. Yra sukuriamos keturios funkcijos : transf_insert, transf_delete, transf_replace, transf_move. Toliau yra sukuriamas XML dokumentas, kuris bus naudojamas tyrime t.y. palyginime tarp sukurtų XQuery funkcijų, bei XSLT transformacijų. Tyrimas yra atliekamas lyginant kiekvieną sukurtą funkciją su XSLT transformacijomis po du kartus. Pirmą kartą yra lyginama transformacija su elementu, o antrą kartą su elementu ir požymiu. Antrame tyrime yra naudojamos automatiškai sugeneruotos XML struktūros, kurios skiriasi medžio ilgiu, gyliu ir galutiniu dokumento dydžiu. Yra lyginamos transformacijos su elementu ir požymiu šiem dokumentam. Galiausiai yra pristatomos išvados ir rezultatai, kuriuose yra pasiūloma kaip ir kada galima būtų naudoti naujai sukurtas funkcijas ir kada galima būtų naudoti XSLT transformacijas. / This document is about the transformation operators in semi-structured (XML) database query languages. XQuery is chosen as a query language to be used for research. A detailed description of the information related to the query language and information that will be used for development and investigation of XQuery transformation operators (in this work – functions) is provided. The formal model of transformation operators that was created by „Université de Toulon et du Var“ university research group [BMM03] is used in this work. We create four functions (named: transf_insert, transf_delete, transf_move, transf_replace) and an XML document. The document is used in the comparison between new XQuery functions and the XSLT transformation. The comparison is executed twice for each of the functions: first, for elements only and then for the same elements along with their attributes. The second part of the research is performed on different XML documents that are automatically generated and their structure differs in tree length, tree depth and resulting size of the document. Finally, conclusions and results are being introduced. It is concluded in which situations which technology should be preferred to use – either XQuery or XSLT transformations.

La edición de datos semi-estructurados, en particular de documentos XML, es habitualmente abordada con formularios e interfaces de edición para tablas (scaffolds), herramientas diseñadas para trabajar con datos estructurados. Otras herramientas que sí pueden abordar modelos semi-estructurados (como XForms y XTiger) no poseen un lenguaje completamente declarativo y están limitadas a modelos no recursivos. Estas limitaciones implican un mayor costo en el desarrollo de aplicaciones que trabajan con datos semi-estructurados. En esta memoria se propone un lenguaje de plantillas, que bautizamos Queule, basado en XTiger, para la edición de datos semi-estructurados. Queule reduce los costos de implementar interfaces de edición al permitir la definición declarativa de interfaces para los modelos y al incluir el soporte a modelos recursivos. Las plantillas, al igual que los esquemas de datos (DTD, XML Schema, Schematron, RELAX NG, etc.), permiten delimitar el universo de las instancias que satisfacen un modelo. A diferencia de los esquemas, en los que se habitualmente se provee de algoritmos para decidir si se satisface un esquema, las plantillas proveen mecanismos para editar los datos definiendo de manera constructiva las restricciones del modelo. La idea de usar transformaciones, unidireccionales o bidireccionales, mencionada en el título de esta memoria, estaba motivada por el almacenamiento de los datos en un documento distinto al usado como plantilla. Al inicio del desarrollo de esta memoria, las transformaciones cumplían un rol central en el sistema que, no obstante, perdió relevancia cuando se descubrió la posibilidad, y conveniencia, de que una plantilla no estuviera reflejada necesariamente en un sólo documento de una base documental, si no más bien, en una vista de una base de datos cualquiera. De este modo, los cambios no esperarían al término de la edición para ser enviados en la forma del documento editado, sino que podrían enviarse de manera asíncrona a medida que se edita. En el desarrollo de esta memoria se implementó un intérprete para la versión 1.0 del lenguaje Queule que se limita a la definición de estructuras de árbol que consideran el orden entre los nodos hermanos. Futuras versiones de Queule, podrían extender la edición a un modelo de grafos más general. El funcionamiento de Queule 1.0 es ejemplificado con varias plantillas que pueden ser editadas usando los navegadores Web más populares debido a que el intérprete fue programado como una biblioteca JavaScript.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / New facility construction and existing facility renovation create new or modified operation and maintenance (O&M) requirements for the maintenance responsibility organization such as a Public Works Department (PWD). This O&M requirement is fully described by an Operation and Maintenance Support Information (OMSI) package. OMSI content includes facility, systems, and product information. This thesis will address information integration, the process of allowing information systems to cross-communicate and share data. OMSI information integrated within the framework of a Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM) system allows for early identification of O&M requirements, an improved planning capability for new facilities, and more efficient economies of scale. In addition to PWD manpower savings, OMSI-CAFM integration will also allow a revolution in the way O&M requirements are planned and created. Preliminary OMSI information would be ideally created by the design A/E after having considered work force capability from both a workload and expertise perspective. While this may be impractical due to the changing nature of workforce capability and the lengthy planning and design cycle of military construction, OMSI-CAFM integration will certainly allow O&M planning to begin early in the OMSI development stages. OMSI submittals can be layered to provide preliminary planning information in the first submittal and add additional detailed information in later submittals. In such a manner, PWD O&M planners can begin an incremental planning effort early in the facility construction phase. This thesis provides a non-proprietary, no-cost solution to OMSI-CAFM information integration that minimizes specialized knowledge on the part of the OMSI AE. This will allow a broad applicability of the solution to all OMSI developers, including those for smaller non-MILCON projects that aren’t specifically funded for OMSI generation. An effective solution must also provide for easy and inexpensive repurposing of OMSI information for future (and as yet unknown) uses. The solution uses XML technologies (XML, XSD, XLS, XLST, XPath, XQuery, etc) and XML storage systems for the content creation, management, and repurposing of OMSI information. / Lieutenant Commander, Unites States Navy

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The advent of Wireless Local Area Networking (WLAN) has seen a widespread adoption of its technology and functionality in many different areas. Many studies show more and more organizations are extending their networks to incorporate wireless devices and their applications. Permitting wireless devices to access private networks however, further complicates the tasks of protecting the network and its resources from unauthorized access. Now that they have become a significant element in today's networks, selecting and deploying adequate security measures have become the focus of many research efforts. Typically, network managers implement countermeasures to augment security. The goal of this thesis is to research approaches that compliment existing security measures with fine grain access control measures. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is adopted to accommodate such granular access control as it provides the mechanisms for scaling security down to the document content level. / Captain, United States Marine Corps

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / Currently under development, the Global Information Grid (GIG) Enterprise Services (ES) is a suite of capabilities intended to provide improved user access to mission-critical data via Web-based and network technologies. Some of the problems of implementing such capabilities include non-uniform data formats, incompatible run-time environments and nonstandard proprietary applications, all of which block operational interoperability. Web services are specifically designed to address the interoperability challenges of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) such as the GIG. SOAs are networked infrastructures that are designed to facilitate the interoperability of collections of services without requiring service context awareness. Standards-based Web services provide the necessary flexibility and extensibility to ensure information flow is platform, run-time and software independent. The proof of concept (POC) software example developed for this research demonstrates the flexibility and extensibility of standards-based, operating-system-independent Web services. The result is an experimental endeavor to provide a mock operation command center information portal, which provides a notional summary personnel status report to the commander in real-time from a Web service that was originally generated by a stand-alone client/server system. The POC is developed with great attention to open-source technologies and open-standards compliance. The key technologies involved are Extensible Markup Language (XML), the Java programming language, PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) scripting language and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). This work demonstrates the benefits of leveraging Web services to unlock legacy specialized applications to enhance the Warfighter's battlespace awareness by improving information flow via a Web based information portal. / Captain, United States Marine Corps

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / A common problem between Military applications and operators is the consistent and meaningful exchange of data. Currently, several models and simulations exist for the purposes of training and analyzing military data. Due to the absence of an agreed-upon standard with which to represent unit data, much is lost during interchange and applications are not maximized. This thesis is a step towards a solution. Extensible Markup Language (XML) technology has been widely accepted as a standard for representing information in such a way that it is self-documenting, self-validating and platform independent. By using the Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM), formerly known as Generic Hub, and XML it is possible to develop a representation of unit data that is extensible and broadly useable by tactical systems and human operators alike. This thesis approaches the problem exploring the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and the Extensible Modeling Simulation Framework (XMSF) as possible overarching architectural concepts for a global solution. The C2IEDM is used as the core data interchange model for this research and applies XML technologies, schema and the Extensible Stylesheet Language for Transformations (XSLT) to derive a formatted data representation that is acceptable within the Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies (FAST) Toolbox. The transformation example serves as template for other simulation programs to follow for interchange through the common base model. This thesis shows that by using a common data representation like C2IEDM coupled with the power of XML and XSLT, unit information can be transformed and interchanged between applications. In order to accomplish this, an extensive analysis is done on recently performed and ongoing research as well as the development of exemplars to show how the proposed process is completed. The result of this work is a transformation of unit data extracted from an example C2IEDM instance file that is compliant with the schema for an actual unit order of battle tool used for modeling and simulation. / Major, United States Army

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / Network-centric warfare (NCW) has changed the way the Department of Defense addresses technological improvements for its military forces. No longer is the emphasis on enhancing the capabilities of a single platform, but the focus is now on networking people, processes and technology to enable knowledge sharing and rapid decision-making. The capabilities required to support network-centric operations (NCO) in the NCW environment must be supported by new, innovative networked communication technologies. There are many sources of requirements for these software systems supporting NCO, which may increase in number as the Services continue to develop the capabilities necessary for the transformation to a fully networked military force. Requirements may also emerge and continue to evolve following the fielding of a NCO capability because new technology has the potential to change how warfighters work. Requirements evolution results in requirements engineering challenges associated with the acquisition and development of network-centric software systems. As such, an approach is needed to provide for consistency in elicitation, management and documentation of evolving requirements for technological capabilities supporting NCO. The purpose of this research is to address the problem of evolving requirements. The requirements engineering framework proposed by this thesis incorporates classification theory and requirements modeling principles, and is supported by the Extensible Markup Language (XML) family of technologies. Particular attention has been paid to the selection of non-proprietary, platform independent technology to ensure data can be exchanged between organizations. The framework demonstrates a means by which requirements can be classified and structured in a standardized format. The result is a set of requirements that is consistent in structure and content, and that can be easily shared among all stakeholders because it utilizes one standard, non-proprietary format. This approach captures evolving software requirements of fielded network-centric software systems for use in the development of future systems. / US Navy (USN) author.

The aim of this thesis is to research the current possibilities and limitations of automatic generation of synthetic XML documents. The first part of the work discusses the properties of the most used XML data generators and compares them to each other. The next part of the thesis proposes an algorithm for XML data generation which focuses on subset of the main XML data characteristics (number of elements, number of attributes, fan-out, mixed contents etc.). The main target of the algorithm is to generate XML documents using a set of settings which are easy to understand. The last part of the work compares the proposed solution with the existing ones. The comparison focuses on how easy it is to generate XML documents, what structures can be created and finally it compares properties of the similar XML data created using different XML data generators. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis analyses current practice in publication of information on public procurement according to official standards in Czech Republic and European Union. It proposes new conceptual domain model, and uses it to propose optimal format for publication and exchange of data on public procurement. Further a set of rules is proposed to check quality of published information, and a tool is implemented to perform their practical control. The tool is tested on all 10 500 Czech working APIs, their measured quality is described and evaluated. The tool has been published and is used by actual procurement issuers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)