Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1983. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [325]-352.

This study investigates the tempo-spatial distribution in species composition and abundance of planktonic pteropods in relation to hydrography in the waters around Liu-chiu Yu Island, southwestern Taiwan from February 2006 to October 2007. In total, we recognized 25 pteropod species belonging to 12 genera and six families, with a mean abundance of 7348 ¡Ó 994 ind./ 1000m3. The five most dominant species were Limacina inflata, Creseis virgula var. conica, Creseis acicula, Limacina trochiformis and Creseis clava, together they accounted for 78.7 % of the total pteropods. The surface sea water temperature, salinity, and phytoplankton concen- tration in the waters around Liu-chiu Yu Island were significantly higher in 2006 than in 2007. Pteropod abundance was higher in spring than in other seasons, and higher in deeper waters than in surface waters. Species number of pteropods was significantly higher in 2007 than in 2006, generally higher in summer and lower in autumn, and higher in deeper waters than in surface waters. Species diversity index of pteropods was generally higher in summer and lower in autumn. Cluster analysis of hydrography included 4 clusters (e.g., 2007 summer, summer and autumn, spring and winter, spring), the 2007 summer cluster was different from other seasons. Pteropod assemblage showed apparent difference between seasons, the variation of pteropod assemblages between stations in spring was higher than other seasons. Linear regression showed that the species number (p < 0.01) and diversity index (p < 0.05) were positively correlated with abundance of fish larvae. Abundance of most dominant species of pteropods was significantly and positively correlated with abundance of fish larvae (e.g., Limacina inflata; Creseis virgula var. conica and Limacina trochiformis) and significantly and negatively correlated with phytoplankton abundance (e.g., Limacina inflata, p < 0.001). In addition to the hydrographic factors, the distribution of pteropods might also be affected by predatory fish larvae and phytoplankton supplement.

Abstract In recent years, studies of Taiwanese aboriginal literature have been given attentions due to the trend of localization in literature. Japanese scholars are the pioneers who are interested in and study Taiwanese aboriginal literature. They spend lots of efforts on studying Yami tribe much more than on other aborigines in Taiwan. The Yami did not have written language. They orally passed their culture on generation by generation. Therefore, they have abundant literature of oral tradition. Siyapenjipengaya, a Yami, worried that the Yami culture would be lost because of the assimilation to the Han nationality. He, therefore, recorded the culture features in literation. Yami is one of the Austronesian tribes, and they are the only aborigine who live near coasts in Taiwan. Their culture is much different from the other aborigines in Taiwan, and they are the only aborigine who do not have the tradition of headhunting and wine making. This study focused on the features of tribalism and cultural heritages in the works of Siyapenjipengaya. The works displaying tribalism were classified as the origins of the tribe, the spirits in traditional stories, life stories, and Anito¡¦s stories. The works displaying cultural heritages were classified as the knowledge of seas and oceans, cultural heritages, and Yami songs. By studying the folk stories and songs in the works of Siyapenjipengaya, the purpose of this study was to comprehend the custom and tradition of Yami culture.

Abstract There are 22 species of chaetognaths belonging 11 genera and 4 families found in coastal waters around the Kaohsiung and Liuchiu Yu Island from March 1997 to February 1998. The average abundance of chaetognaths was 2527 ¡Ó1659 ind./100m3. The 5 most dominant species were Flaccisagitta enflata, Aidanosagitta crassa, Sagitta bipuncata, Ferosagitta ferox and Serratosagitta pacifica, and comprised > 95% of total chaetognaths. Fl. efnlata was the most common and abundance species, its number occupied 70% of total chaetognaths and occurred in every station. These dominant species showed significant seasonal succession, in that, Fl. Enflata could be found in all seasons, while S. bipuncata was found only in fall and winter. Most of chaetognaths found in this study were pelagic, tropical and temperate species, and most of them are widely distributed in the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Indian ocean (50% of total species), and in the Indian and the Pacific ocean (41% of total species). In terms of ecological distribution patterns, warm euryhaline species (i.e. Fl. Enflata and Fe. ferox), and warm hyperhaline species (i.e. S. bipuncata and Se. pacifica) dominated in this study areas. The abundance of chaetognaths was higher in fall (4721 ¡Ó8435 ind./100m3) and the lower in spring (1077 ¡Ó995 ind./100m3). The horizontal distribution of chaetognaths was apparently influenced by the runoff of Kaohsiung Habor and Kaoping River, and the peak abundance was usually found in the front of Kaoping river plume. Most chaetognaths (over 60% of total amount) were found in the surface waters (0-5 m), and its abundance abruptly decreased with depth. The scales of day/night vertical migration of chaetognaths were small (generally less than 50 m). Three types of vertical migration were distinguished in this study: Nocturnal migration (i.e. Fl. Enflata and Se. pacifica). Reverse migration (i.e. S. bipuncata ), and Non-migration (i.e. Fe. ferox). The vertical distribution and the distance of vertical migration of most chaetognaths, however, varied seasonally.

none

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong Baptist University, 2005. / Thesis submitted to the Dept. of Education Studies. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-120).

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

Zur Zeit gibt es keinen optimalen Sehnentransfer zur Behandlung von irreparablen Ruptur der Subscapularissehne. Obwohl der Pectoralis major Transfer als Therapie der Wahl gilt, bleibt der Kraftvektor der verlagerten Sehne-Muskeleinheit sehr unterschiedlich zum Kraftvektor des Subscapularismuskels. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, ein neues Konzept zur Behandlung von irreparablen Subscapularisrupturen zu definieren, bei dem die Subscapulariseinheit selektiv mittels Teres major(TM) und Pectoralis major (PM) wiederhergestellt wird. In den Kadaverstudien dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich der M. Teres major anatomisch-chirurgisch als Sehnentransfer zur Rekonstruktion der unteren Hälfte des M. Subscapularis eignet. Darüberhinaus wurde in einer dreidimensionalen Vektoranalyse gezeigt, dass der Kraftvektoren vom verlagerten Teres major sich nicht signifikant vom Kraftvektoir des unteren Anteils des Musculus subscapularis unterscheidet. Es wurde weiterhin gezeigt, dass Modifikationen des Pectoralis major transfer durch Reroutingmassnahmen zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung seines Kraftvektors im Vergleich zum oberen Amteil des Musculussubscapularis führt. Basierend auf den neuen anatomischen und biomechanischen Erkenntnissen wurde im letzten Teil dieser Schrift das neue Konzept klinisch angewandt. Dabei wurde bei 7 Patienten mit einer irreparablen Subscapularisruptur nach multiplen Voreingriffen eine selektive Rekonstruktion mittels kombinierten TM-PM Transfer durchgeführt. Es traten keine Komplikationen auf und alle Patienten hatten eine deutliche Linderung Ihrer Schmerzen und eine Verbesserung der Funktion. Somit erscheint diese neue Transferoperation eine sichere und effiziente Option zur Behandlung irreparabler Subscapularisrupturen darzustellen. / Currently there is no optimal tendon transfer procedure for the management of irreparable subscapularis lesions. Although the pectoralis major transfer is considered as the gold standard in the treatment of irreparable subscapularis tears, the force vector orientation of this transfer may not be optimal in comparision to the situation at the subscapularis muscle. Objective of this monograph was to establish the anatomical and biomechanical basis for a new concept of selective subscapularis reconstruction combining a teres major transfer to the pectoralis major transfer. In the cadaveric part of this work, it could be demonstrated that the teres major is a safe and biomechanically logical transfer for reconstruction of the lower part of the subscapularis. The analysis was carried on to define the optimal transfer for reconstruction of the upper part of the subscapularis. It was possible to determine the biomechanical effect of rerouting procedures of the pectoralis major transfer. Passing the tendon underneath the conjoined tendon appeared to be the most effective way to improve the direction of the pectoralis major transfer for subscapularis reconstruction. However this technique is demanding when the plane underneath the conjoined tendon is scarred and the pectoralis major is bulky. In such cases there is a risk to injure the musculocutaneous nerve. Therefore, rerouting the sternal part of the pectoralis major underneath its clavicular part (sPM tansfer) may be a safer option. Finally, based on the acquired anatomical and biomechanical data, early clinical experience in a series of 7 patients was reported. Although the clinical series was small, the combined TM-sPM transfer appeared to be a valuable and a safe alternative to treat irreparable subscapularis tears. An interesting observation in this study was that the transfer was able to recenter the statically subluxed humeral head in two cases. This could be attributed to the dynamic hammock built by the transferred teres major. The early promising subjective and objective results presented here encourage for further investigation.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture