Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Luis Russo Moyses.PDF: 1823083 bytes, checksum: e67dbecac4ede2927a680c9325ad2a4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-03 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The demand management is an emerging theme in the chain management knowledge field. What is aimed with the demand management is the fast and adequate integration of the needs originated from the market to the suppliers in a way to strategically balance and align the demand with the operacional capacity throught the supply chain and, consequently, the competitive advantage. However, with the market dynamic in which the clients are even more demanding and the commercial exchange regulations are less restrict, the alignment of the demand with the supply chain progressively face progressive difficulties. Because of that, this research had as an objective to verify alignment among the demand management, operational capacity and financial and operational performance variables, in hotel companies of national and international funds, in operation in Brazil. For that, a theoretical model was developed, that considered these variables. The research was achieved in two stages. In the first one, considered exploratory and qualitative, the focus group technic was used to data collection. The data collection was treated by the contend analysis. With the results of this first step a questionnaire was elaborated, which was used in the next stage. In the second stage, through the data collection by means of a structured questionnaire it was intended to characterize the demand management, capacity management and the imediate chain variables in the searched hotels. From the total of sent questionnaires, 121 answers were turned back. The obtained data were treated by the descriptive statistics and by the tests: a) Kolmogorov-Smirnov, to verify the sample normality; b) Spearman s bivariated correlation analysis, in order to verify the alignment among the variables and; c) Mann-Whitney, to find if the variables that pertained to groups of hotels were distinct. The data which was submitted to the statistic treatment showed the following results: 1) when it was used the descriptive statistics, the luxury group hotels presented a higher frequency of answers, in the agreeable side of the scale and superior financial and operational performance if compared to the economic group hotels; 2) when it was used the bivariated correlation, the luxury group hotels showed a higher number of demand management, operational capacity and financial and operational performance variables, correlated, and financial and operational performance which was superior to the economic group hotels; 3) when it was used the added scale, the luxury group hotels superiority prevailed again, not only in management variables but also in achievement in relation to the economic group and; 4) besides, it was evidenced that 46,4% from the total of analyzed variables differed a group from the other. Considering these results, it can be concluded that there is evidence that the luxury hotels predominance offers a better feed back to the investors, demanding a more efficient management. At last, given the hospitality market dynamicity, it is suggested, to the continuity of this study, the deepening in the variable measures research that compound the demand management, operational capacity immediate supply chain and performance, in order to know exactly the hospitality service nuances, in the different categories. / A gestão da demanda é um tema emergente no campo de conhecimento da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. O que se busca com a gestão da demanda é a rápida e adequada integração das necessidades originadas do mercado na direção dos fornecedores, de modo a balancear e alinhar estrategicamente a demanda com a capacidade operacional ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos e, por conseqüência, a vantagem competitiva. Não obstante, com a dinâmica dos mercados em que os clientes estão cada vez mais exigentes e as regulamentações das trocas comerciais menos restritivas, o alinhamento da demanda com a cadeia de suprimentos enfrentam dificuldades progressivas. Por conta disso, essa pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar o alinhamento entre as variáveis da gestão da demanda, capacidade operacional, cadeia de suprimentos imediata e desempenho financeiro e operacional em empresas hoteleiras de capital nacional e internacional, em operação no Brasil. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico em que se considerou essas variáveis. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, considerada exploratória e qualitativa, foi utilizada a técnica do grupo focal para a coleta de dados. Os dados coletados foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo. Com os resultados desta primeira etapa elaborou-se o questionário, utilizado na etapa seguinte. Na segunda etapa, mediante a coleta de dados por meio de questionário estruturado, procurou-se caracterizar as variáveis da gestão da demanda, capacidade operacional e da cadeia imediata nos hotéis pesquisados. Do total de questionários enviados aos gestores de hotéis, retornaram 121 respostas. Os dados coletados foram tratados pela estatística descritiva e pelos testes: a) Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar a normalidade da amostra; b) análise de correlação bivariada de Spearman para verificar o alinhamento entre as variáveis e; c) Mann-Whitney para verificar se as variáveis pertenciam a grupos de hotéis eram distintas. Os dados submetidos aos tratamentos estatísticos revelaram os seguintes resultados: 1) quando se utilizou da estatística descritiva, os hotéis do grupo luxo apresentaram maior freqüência de respostas, no lado concordante da escala e desempenho financeiro e operacional superior aos hotéis do grupo econômico ; 2) quando se utilizou da correlação bivariada, os hotéis do grupo luxo que apresentaram maior número de variáveis da gestão da demanda, capacidade operacional e imediata, correlacionadas e desempenho financeiro e operacional superior aos hotéis do grupo econômico ; 3) quando se utilizou da escala somada, novamente prevaleceu a superioridade dos hotéis do grupo luxo , tanto em variáveis de gestão como de desempenho em relação ao grupo econômico e; 4) além disso, foram evidenciados que 46,4% do total de variáveis analisadas diferenciavam um grupo de hotéis do outro. Por conta desses resultados pode-se concluir que existe evidência de que o predomínio de investimentos dos hotéis de luxo oferece maior retorno aos investidores, demandando uma administração mais eficiente. Por fim, dada a dinamicidade do mercado hoteleiro, sugere-se para a continuidade desse estudo, o aprofundamento na pesquisa das medidas das variáveis que compõem a gestão da demanda, capacidade operacional, cadeia de suprimento imediato e desempenho, para se conhecer exatamente as nuances do serviço hoteleiro, nas diferentes categorias.

The goal of this paper is to explore corporate and information strategies, focus is put on new and modern business models. I accentuate alignment between corporate and information strategy. Theoretical overview of corporate and information strategies is followed by description of modern trends that were discovered by author. All new trends are analyzed from IT and business point of view. Some trends are demonstrated on real companies in the paper. The analysis consists of corporate strategy and searching for the way how IT can support business and how to be in alignment. Two types of companies are included. First type is company that built up business model based on IT/ICT strategy. The other type includes companies that are running business for longer time and new IT/ICT strategy deployment or better alignment between strategies brought improvement and better market position. The paper includes basic model representing strategic management that is presented at the end. This gives an overview to all readers how the process goes from corporate and information strategy to application portfolio. The paper is destined for professionals and nonprofessionals who are interested in modern strategies. It is also useful for IT/ICT managers when working on own strategies.

There is an asymmetry in demand for transportation means of goods and commodities globally. One industry in which this trend is especially prominent is the pharmaceutical industry, where the European Union is by far the largest net exporter of pharmaceutical products globally, followed by Switzerland. The largest global net importer of pharmaceutical products is America, and given that many pharmaceutical products need to be transported in a cold chain, a niche within the transportation industry has grown – one that focuses primarily on transportation of high-value temperature-sensitive goods. Transportation companies working with circulating assets around the world need to determine how much capacity can be allocated to the sale of one-way trips (which may displace assets within the fleet to places in which they cannot be sold again due to the lack of business) whilst still allowing the sale of round-trip leases to continue. We conducted a case study within Company A that is a cold chain provider for air freight to provide context on how a heuristic model for capacity control should be developed, and incorporated this with learnings from theory within the fields of revenue management and fleet management together with literature in similar business settings. This resulted in a four-step model with unique planning horizons for each level, ranging from strategic perspectives for fleet balancing down to operational aspects of daily allocation and release of containers. We conclude which factors are essential for the context of the case study and showcase how a model can be constructed taking these findings into account. The thesis deals with the issue of capacity control for one-way leases. Other models have used pricing strategies to accomplish similar tasks and this is not included in the proposed model which is a limitation of this study, this is discussed and elaborated on. Furthermore, possible implications for the customer behaviour with the suggested model is discussed. / Det finns en global asymmetri i efterfrågan för transport av gods och råvaror. En industri där detta är speciellt framstående är läkemedelsindustrin – där Europa är den största exportören globalt följt av Schweiz. Den största importören av dessa produkter är Nordamerika, och givet att många läkemedelsprodukter behöver transporteras i en kylkedja har en nisch inom transportsektorn vuxit fram – en som fokuserar primärt på transport av temperaturkänsligt gods av högt värde. Transportbolag som jobbar med cirkulerande tillgångar världen över behöver bestämma hur mycket kapacitet som kan allokeras till envägsuthyrningar (vilket kan fördela flottan så att ingen efterfrågan finns för att sälja dessa igen) medan den fortsatta försäljningen av tur-och-retur-uthyrningar fortfarande tillåts. Vi utför en fallstudie inom Företag A, som tillhandahåller tjänster för kylkedjor gjorda för flygfrakt, detta för att skapa förståelse för hur en heuristisk modell för kapacitetskontroll kan utvecklas. Detta vävs samman med lärdomar från teori inom fälten intäktsoptimering och förvaltning och styrning av utrustningsflottor tillsammans med litteratur inom liknande affärskontexter. Detta resulterade i en fyrstegsmodell med unika planeringshorisonter för varje nivå. Modellen sträcker sig från strategiska beslut för balansering av flottan ner till operationella aspekter för daglig allokering och överlåtande av containrar. Vi sammanfattar vilka faktorer som är relevanta inom ramarna för fallstudien och visar hur en modell kan vara uppbyggd där dessa faktorer tas i beaktning. Avhandlingen hanterar problemet kapacitetskontroll för envägsuthyrningar. Andra modeller har använt prissättningsstrategier för att åstadkomma liknande mål och detta har inte inkluderats i den föreslagna modellen vilket är en begränsning i avhandlingen, detta diskuteras och vidareutvecklas. Möjliga implikationer på kundbeteende med den föreslagna modellen diskuteras också.

This thesis explores how revenue management (RM) principles would integrate into a parking system, and how advanced reservation-making, coupled with dynamic pricing (based on booking limits) could be used to maximize parking revenue. Detailed here is a comprehensive RM strategy for the parking industry, and an integer programming formulation that maximizes parking revenue over a system of garages is presented. Furthermore, an intelligent parking reservation model is developed that uses an artificial neural network procedure for online reservation decision-making. Next, the work evaluates whether the implementation of a parking RM system in a dense urban parking district (and thus avoiding "trial-and-error" behaviors exhibited by drivers) mitigates urban congestion levels. In order to test this hypothesis, a parallel modeling structure was developed that uses a real-time decision-making model that either accepts or rejects requests for parking via a back-propagation neural network. Coupled with the real-time decision-making model is a micro-simulation model structure used to evaluate the policy's effects on network performance. It is clear from the results that the rate at which parkers renege is a primary determinant of the value of the implementation of RM. All other things being equal, the RM model in which the majority of parkers is directed to their precise parking spot via the most direct route is much more robust to the random elements within the network that can instigate extreme congestion. The thesis then moves from micro-evaluation to macro-evaluation by measuring the performance of the urban parking system from the perspective of the set of relevant stakeholders using the hyperbolic DEA model within the context of the matrix DEA construct. The stakeholder models, including that of the provider, the user, and the community, have defined inputs/outputs to the hyperbolic DEA model, which allows for the inclusion of undesirable outputs such as network delay and incidence of extreme congestion. Another key contribution of this work is that of identifying design issues for current and future dense urban parking districts. Clearly, reneging rate and the tenacity of perspective parkers is a key consideration in cases where RM policy is not implemented. / Ph. D.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les contributions de Clément Colson à la science économique dans le but de mieux connaître sa pensée, de mieux connaître l’École libérale française au début du XXème siècle, d’étudier l’influence qu’a pu avoir cet auteur sur ses principaux élèves, Divisia, Roy et Rueff, et d’évaluer l’actualité de certaines de ses recommandations.Le premier chapitre montre quels sont les apports théoriques de Colson à la science économique.Pour ses élèves, son principal apport serait la théorie de la détermination conjointe du salaire et du taux d’intérêt. Nous montrerons que cette théorie est proche de la règle de gestion optimale en microéconomie attribuée à Clark ; nous verrons alors que l’on peut parler de découverte multiple.Colson est également intéressant au point de vue de la méthode utilisée. Nous verrons alors qu’il utilise les statistiques et les mathématiques dans ses développements : il est à l’origine d’une évaluation pionnière du revenu de la France, son enseignement impulse le calcul économique, il peut être considéré comme un précurseur de l’économétrie en France. Le deuxième chapitre montre que Colson développe la méthode de tarification des voies de communication exploitées en monopole de Jules Dupuit en proposant des moyens pratiques de révélation des préférences. Nous verrons également que cette théorie est reprise de nos jours avec le Yield Management et par les compagnies aériennes à bas coûts. Le troisième chapitre a pour but de voir comment Colson prend en compte la question sociale. Nous verrons qu’il défend une intervention de l’État plus importante que d’autres économistes libéraux afin d’éviter que les ouvriers ne se tournent vers le socialisme. Le quatrième chapitre étudie l’intervention de l’État préconisée par Colson dans le domaine des chemins de fer. Nous verrons que dans ce domaine où l’État est très présent, l’auteur souhaite le limiter. Il préfère ainsi la concession à la régie et souhaite la construction de nouvelles lignes uniquement si elles sont rentables. Nous verrons qu’à nouveau, la crainte du socialisme n’est pas étrangère à ses positions. Sur chacun des thèmes, nous verrons que Colson accorde à la pratique une place importante. Au niveau théorique tout part de l’observation et se termine par l’observation, au niveau pratique il est marqué par les préoccupations de son époque. / The object of this dissertation is to analyse the contributions of Clément Colson to the economics in order to be better acquainted with his thought, with the French Liberal School at the beginning of the 20th century, to see the influence he had on his main students, Divisia, Roy and Rueff, and to evaluate the actuality of his recomandations. The first chapter develops the Colson’s theoretical contributions.For his students, his main contribution would be the theory of the joint setting of wage and of the interest rate. We will explain this theory is close to the optimal management rule in microeconomics attributed to Clark; we will see we can speak then about multiple discovery.Colson is interesting too from the point of view of the method used. We will see he uses statistics and mathematics in his developments: he makes one of the first assesments of the French income, his lectures develop economics calculus, he can be seen as a precursor of econometrics in France. The second chapter shows that Colson develops the Jules Dupuit pricing method for means of communications exploited by a monopoly by proposing practical way of preferences revelation. We will show too that this theory is used nowadays with the Yield Management and by airline lowcost companies.The third chapter has for purpose to see how Colson takes into account the social question. We will see he argues for a more important State intervention than other liberal economists in order to avoid workers to turn to socialism. The fourth chapter is devoted to the State intervention recommended by Colson in the field of railways. We will see that in this field in which the State is very present, the author wishes to limit it. So he prefers the concession to the public exploitation and wishes construction of new railway lines just if they are profitable. We will see again that the fear of socialism is not stranger to his positions. On each theme, we will see that Colson gives an important place to the practice. At the theoretical level all starts and finishes with the observation, at the practice level he is influenced by the preoccupations of his time.

In today's competitive environment, the importance of continuous production, quality improvement, and fast delivery has forced production and delivery processes to become highly reliable. Keeping equipment in good condition through maintenance activities can ensure a more reliable system. However, maintenance leads to temporary reduction in capacity that could otherwise be utilized for production. Therefore, the coordination of maintenance and production is important to guarantee good system performance. The central thesis of this dissertation is that integrating maintenance and production decisions increases efficiency by ensuring high quality production, effective resource utilization, and on-time deliveries. Firstly, we study the problem of integrated maintenance and production planning where machines are preventively maintained in the context of a periodic review production system with uncertain yield. Our goal is to provide insight into the optimal maintenance policy, increasing the number of finished products. Specifically, we prove the conditions that guarantee the optimal maintenance policy has a threshold type. Secondly, we address the problem of integrated maintenance planning and production scheduling where machines are correctively maintained in the context of a dynamic aircraft repair shop. To solve the problem, we view the dynamic repair shop as successive static repair scheduling sub-problems over shorter periods. Our results show that the approach that uses logic-based Benders decomposition to solve the static sub-problems, schedules over longer horizon, and quickly adjusts the schedule increases the utilization of aircraft in the long term. Finally, we tackle the problem of integrated maintenance planning and production scheduling where machines are preventively maintained in the context of a multi-machine production system. Depending on the deterioration process of machines, we design decomposed techniques that deal with the stochastic and combinatorial challenges in different, coupled stages. Our results demonstrate that the integrated approaches decrease the total maintenance and lost production cost, maximizing the on-time deliveries. We also prove sufficient conditions that guarantee the monotonicity of the optimal maintenance policy in both machine state and the number of customer orders. Within these three contexts, this dissertation demonstrates that the integrated maintenance and production decision-making increases the process efficiency to produce high quality products in a timely manner.