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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar um estudo de Discurso de Jovens Grávidas, através da utilização do método fenomenológico, com base na DASEINANÁLISE de Heidegger. Buscando o entendimento do significado dos referidos Discursos, procurou-se dar um novo enfoque na questão da gravidez, sob o ponto de vista dos sujeitos que elas representam, objetivando uma real recuperação na abordagem médico-preventivo-educativa da gravidez em jovens. Por outro lado, esse estudo também representa um esforço no sentido da aplicação do método qualitativo (em especial, o fenomenológico) no Campo da Saúde Pública, com ênfase nos Programas de Saúde Materno-Infantil. / The present work intends to present a study of the Young Pregnant Mothers discourse\'s through the Phenomenological Method, based in Heidegger\'s Daseinanalysis. Asking for the understanding of the reffered discourses mean\'s, we tried to give a new approach in the pregnancy question, considering the subject\'s point of view for them represented, in order to obtain a real recuperation in medical-preventive educative focalization of pregnancy in adolescent mothers. Furthermore,this study also represents an effort with the finality of the Qualitative Method application (mainly, the phenomenological) in the Public Health Field, with the emphasis in Mother-Child Health Care\'s Programs.

Quais são os sentidos atribuídos ao futuro por jovens negras da região do Capão Redondo e Jardim Ângela, bairros da periferia do município de São Paulo, é a ambição deste mestrado. A escolha de conhecer os sentidos de futuro desse grupo se deu porque as estatísticas demonstram que elas vivem diversas tensões. Elas viverem em uma região com tradição de chacinas por grupos de extermínios; com comércio de drogas ao lado de delegacias; na qual há policiais que causam tanto medo quanto os bandidos. Nesse território os óbitos dos jovens negros são decorrentes de homicídios. Lá elas são as últimas na fila de ascensão social e de emprego. Mas que apesar destas tensões continuam depositando seus esforços na vida. Tratou-se, portanto, de ouvi-las por meio de um de estudo com bases no enfoque qualitativo, ao considerar que o método proposto focaliza as experiências das participantes e colaboradoras ao longo das suas trajetórias de vida, bem como suas projeções com relação aos planos para um tempo vindouro, isto é, pesquisar os sentidos de futuro dessas jovens pôde revelar quais são as estratégias de enfretamento e de reconhecimento face ao processo histórico de humilhação social que vive a população negra, particularizado, neste caso, na região do Capão Redondo e do Jardim Ângela. Surgiram três manifestações de sentido de futuro para elas: o primeiro se deu na negação de que se preocupassem ou tivessem expectativas sobre o futuro; o segundo foi uma projeção de futuro ao lado de outra pessoa em uma relação amorosa; o terceiro sentido foi um projeto de vida próprio, tanto profissional, como cultural, como político. Esperamos que este trabalho tenha podido colaborar com a psicologia social, mas principalmente, tenha colaborado, de alguma forma, com o futuro das juventudes que se expressam na região do Capão Redondo e do Jardim Ângela / The senses of future given by young Black women from the districts of Capão Redondo and Jardim Ângela, outskirt of the city of São Paulo, are the ambitioned theme of this work. How they can have a sense of future when the statistics demonstrate: they live in an area traditionally affected by massacres from death squads; they live in an area where drug dealers do business besides the police station; they live in an area where some police officers are as much feared as the criminals. They live in an area where the homicide is the major cause of mortality of young male Black people . They live in an area where they are the last in the social mobility and in the chance of employment. However, they keep struggling for life. The research, therefore, aimed to listen to these young women, it was based in a qualitative approach, considering a method that brings their experiences throughout their life trajectories, as well as their projections towards a forthcoming period in their lives. Exploring these young womens senses of future revealed their strategies to affront and to feel acknowledged before the historic process of social humiliation in which the Black population has been living particularly in the case of Capão Redondo and Jardim Ângela. Three expressions of their sense of future came up: the first one involved the denial that they would have a future; the second one was the projection of a future with another person in a love relationship; the third one was built as life projects, be that a professional one, a cultural one or a political one. We hope this piece of work might have contributed to the Social Psychology, but mostly to the future of the youth manifested in the area of Capão Redondo and Jardim Ângela

The thesis explores the experiences of 24 young women from a town in North West England ('Millthorne') as they make their way through their first year of university study. The project is based on a qualitative, longitudinal methodology comprising of three in-depth interviews conducted with each respondent before, during and after the first year of study. The aim of the research was to examine the 'process of relating' (Mason, 2004) for the 24 respondents, in order to think through the ways in which individual actions and identities emerge out of experiences of relationships with kin and non-kin. The project thus contributes to a growing body of literature which attends to the emotional and moral dimensions of social life, and which seeks to challenge ideas around individualism. The public story (Jamieson, 1998) around going to university is one which stresses notions of selfhood, adventure and individualism and so, in the early interviews, respondents expressed a sense of expectation that their identities and relationships would alter significantly once university began. They expected that, by going to university, they would be removed from the clutches of family and that longstanding friend relationships based at home would be replaced by better, more enduring relationships formed within the context of university. The interviews carried out later in the project, however, revealed a divergence between respondents' expectations of kin and non-kin relationships and their real-life, everyday experiences. Significantly, family and longstanding friendships continued to play a central role, leaking into the spaces of university through virtual and imagined as well as tangible means. This meant that respondents did not experience the move to university in the ways they had anticipated and it was not the wrench that many had hoped or feared. What this study demonstrates is the complexity of personal relationships and the ways in which feelings of attachment and relatedness play out in different ways and at different times. Personal relationships are active and dynamic and it is the longitudinal methodology employed in this research which reveals this. Clearly people speak about relationships in particular ways at different junctures in the life course, appealing to discourses of individualism at some points and the security of relationships at others. It is imperative therefore, to capture the richness and complexity of the emotional and the personal, if one is to fully understand the social.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Homelessness in South Africa is an ever growing problem and it is difficult to determine the exact number of homeless people due to the fact that they live in different areas, such as under bridges, parks, abandoned buildings and vehicles and at shelters. The problem is growing every year nonetheless, there is still no solution. The number of women who are becoming homeless has also been increasing dramatically. There are many contributory factors that have been identified resulting in homelessness among young women, including domestic violence, drug and alcohol abuse, poverty amongst others. Homeless women are more vulnerable than other groups, young women especially.

Mainstream pornography is a widely researched phenomenon, however not many studies focus on the impact it may have on young heterosexual women. The discussion of whether an individual is “damaged by porn” usually refers to sex offenders, rapists and less aggressive sexual behavior. These discussions usually involve young and adult men and how they might be “damaged” by watching pornography and how that adapts to their own sex life. However, the discussion whether women are or could be damaged by pornography is not as widely discussed. The aim of this study is therefore to provide an understanding whether pornography creates norms and ideals that influence young heterosexual women in Sweden.  Two main theoretical frameworks are used, Gagnon & Simon’s sexual script theory and Fredrickson & Robert’s objectification theory in correlation with the concept of the male gaze to analyze the results.  The study is based on twelve interviews with young heterosexual Swedish women between the ages of 21 and 32 and their experiences and own stories. With inspiration from Robert Emerson and his colleague’s analysis model we’ve presented our results. The results and outcome provide us with three main themes: “the good-girl mentality”, “ambivalent feelings” and “norms and ideals”. The main conclusion of the empirical data is that all women in the study are shown to be influenced by the norms and ideals that pornography provides. In addition, the impact of aggression and violence was striking in the empirical data. These impacts by the norms and ideals of pornography may be consciously told by the women or interpreted by us authors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify employers’ perceptions of young women using glottal fry and the impact on hirability. Methods: A survey was created using the online survey tool, REDCapÒ, and sent to employers across the southern United States. The survey contained three voice samples consisting of a non-glottal fry voice, a glottal fry at the end of sentences voice, and a continuous glottal fry voice, fourteen semantic differential scales derived from hiring constructs, and open-ended questions on hirability. Results: Employers perceived individuals using glottal fry as more negative than the individual who used no glottal fry. Employers indicated they were less likely to hire individuals who use glottal fry compared to individuals who do not use glottal fry. Conclusion: The presence of glottal fry negatively impacts employers’ perceptions of young women and her perceived hirability. The results of this study demonstrate the relationship between vocal quality and listener perceptions.

Twelve university women students served as experimental subjects in a study of the serum lipids and urinary estrogens of healthy nonpregnant menstruating young women, who were living under their usual conditions. The subjects maintained constant weight on their ordinary diets during the entire study period. Antecubital blood and 24-hour urine specimens were collected on certain days which represented different stages of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative analyses were made on serum total cholesterol, lipid phosphorus (phospholipids), triglycerides and total lipids. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid composition of each serum lipid component was also made. Urinary estrone, 17β- estradiol and estriol were separated and quantitatively determined by chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. Basic data on serum lipid levels , composition of the fatty acids of cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides and urinary estrogens were obtained on these young women . Findings included the following: 1. Mean values of serum total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and total lipids were 162, 165, 105 and 544 mg per cent, respectively. The interindividual variation was greater than intraindividual variation. The values of triglycerides were more variable than those of cholesterol and phospholipids. 2. The major fatty acids in lipid fractions were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic. The highest amounts of fatty acid in cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were linoleic, 51; palmitic, 28; and oleic, 33 per cent, respectively. Inter- and intra-individual variations were high. 3. The urinary estrogen values showed that 17 B-estradiol (E 2 ), was usually present in the least and estriol (E 3 ), in the greatest amounts. The mean values of E 1 (estrone), E 2 , E 3 and Et (total) were as follows: 8. 7, 4. 8, 16. 4, and 29. 9 μg per 24-hour urine. 4. The menstrual cycle did affect the urinary excretion of estrogens which showed the lowest values during the first week and then rose to a peak which occurred on or about the time of ovulation or mid-cycle. Then it fell and rose again between the third and fourth week of the cycle. The second peak was usually lower than the first one. 5. Cyclical changes of the concentrations of serum total cholesterol, phospholipids and total lipids have been observed. These changes appeared to be influenced by the estrogenic hormonal activity of the menstrual cycle. The increased excretion of urinary estrogens with a decreased (negative correlation) concentration of serum lipids was recognized. 6. Linoleic acid in cholesterol esters, as well as palmitic acid in phospholipids were found in cyclic changes. The patterns were quite similar to those of serum lipids.

Many young women feel insecure when moving around in public spaces because they feel that they lack a sense of safety. This leads to the mobility of these women being restricted due to the feeling of not being safe. The Ålidhem forest is an area in Umeå municipality that is located between the districts Ålidhem and Carlshem. Moving in the forest during the day can be experienced as peaceful while the same area can be transformed into an experience of unsafety and uncertainty when the darkness has settled, and less people are in movement. The purpose of this study is to examine young women's experience of security in the Ålidhem forest.  The results from this study are based on a qualitative method through semi-structured interviews with seven young women who move in the area with varying extent during both the day and the evening. The results from this study show that young women appreciate staying in the area during the day but experience the forest as an unsafe place they rather avoid during the night. The main reason for this is the dense forest, limited lightning and the feeling of being alone in the forest in the evenings. According to the women from the study, the municipality should take physical measures to improve the design of the area in order for the forest to be perceived as safer. Planning a safe environment contributes to more people wanting to move around in that area, which in turn will lead to fewer people being limited.

Women often feel unsafe outdoors, restricting their use of public places. They have still not been prioritized in urban planning. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to study usage and perception of public places by young women in Flemingsberg. The intersectional perspective chosen lifts their voices. "Safety" and “place” are still the primary focus, using Jane Jacob’s theories about safety in the city. Interviews with nine young women and observations of unsafe places in Flemingsberg were conducted. The results show that the women generally feel safe. Their perception of their safety and place-attributes still makes them use public places restrictively, especially at night. Some feel safer in Flemingsberg, some are safer elsewhere. Connections were also found to the intersectionality theory, as the women felt more vulnerable at a younger age. Jane Jacob's implication that it is safer with more people present at a place was also relevant. The most influential attributes which make the women feel safe or unsafe are what number and kind of people are out in the streets, lighting, and familiarity with a place. Specific locations are thereby safer and more used for some of the women, for others unsafe. Improvements suggested show what can make them safer.