In today's school and society homework is a controversial topic. Some teachers have completely abandoned work with homework, while others believe that homework is necessary. What about the reading homework at the primary school, how important is it? The Swedish school needs to work towards improving students’ readability and increase equivalence so that students’ school results are not depended on their soc io-econom ical background. Homework could be a way to improve the readability among students, but there is also a risk that it neg atively affects equality since all students do not have the same access to support at home. The purpose of the study is to describe why teachers choose to give or not to give reading homework, what the pros and cons they see with the homework are and if they find that the reading homework is different from other types of homework. In order to answer the question I studied earlier literature and research on the subject. I also chose to conduct qualitative interviews with six teachers teaching the subject of Swedish at primary school. The result shows that teachers disagreed with the issue of reading homework and its importance for learning. However, all teachers believe that the more students read, the more the students' readability develops. The advantages and disadvantages of reading homework raised in this study include, among other things, equivalence, time and students access to support. The result also shows that teachers find that the homework is different from other types of homework, for example, because reading is the foundation of many subjects. / I dagens skola är läxor ett omdiskuterat ämne. En del lärare har helt övergett arbetet med läxor, medan andra menar att läxor är nödvändiga för elevers kunskapsutveckling. Hur är det med läsläxan på lågstadiet, hur viktig är den? Den svenska skolan behöver arbeta med öka elevernas läsförmåga och stärka likvärdigheten så att elevers studieresultat inte är beroende av deras socioekonomiska bakgrund. Således skulle läsläxan kunna ses som ett sätt att stärka läsförmågan, men samtidigt finns också risken att den påverkar likvärdigheten negativt eftersom alla elever inte har samma tillgång till stöd hemma. Syftet med denna studien är att beskriva varför lärare på lågstadiet väljer att ge respektive inte ge läsläxa, vilka för och nackdelar de ser med läsläxan och om de upplever att läsläxan skiljer sig från andra typer av läxor. För att söka svar på frågan genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med sex behöriga lärare som undervisar i ämnet svenska på lågstadiet. Resultatet visar att lärarna är oeniga i frågan om läsläxans betydelse för lärandet. Samtliga lärare menar dock att desto mer eleverna läser desto mer utvecklas elevernas läsförmåga. De för- och nackdelar med läsläxan som lyfts i studien handlar bland annat om likvärdighet, tid och elevers tillgång till stöd. Resultatet visar även att lärarna upplever att läsläxan skiljer sig från andra typer av läxor exempelvis på grund av att läsning är grunden för många ämnen.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of participants' abused or nonabused status as it interacted with their age and gender in producing different patterns of Hand Test responses as a function of the age or gender of the card. Participants, 61 young adults (M age = 23) and 60 older adults (M age = 73), were presented with the original Hand Test cards, as well as four alternate versions (e.g., young male, young female, older male, and older female). Expected effects varying by age, gender, and abuse status were not found. Results indicated main effects for participant abuse status, which were largely consistent with previous Hand Test research. Significant interaction effects were also found for participant age by participant abuse status (p < .05), as well as participant age by participant gender by participant abuse status (p < .05). An interaction effect was also found for Hand Test version by participant abuse status (p < .05), Hand Test version by participant age by participant abuse status (p < .05), as well as Hand Test version by participant gender by participant abuse status (p < .05). These results suggest that the alternate forms of the cards may pull for certain responses among abused participants that would not have been identified otherwise via the standard version of the Hand Test, clinical interviews, or other projective and self-report measures of personality. Overall, the variations in Hand Test stimuli interact with participants' abuse status, and warrant the use of alternate versions of the Hand Test as a viable projective measure.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / In this case study research project I have determined that multidrug sedation in children younger than eight years are possible.Conscious sedation [or sedation where verbal contact with the patient is possible] can be used successfully to decrease anxiety and fear for unpleasant experiences, like dental procedures. Behaviour therapy in conjunction with one or more drugs can be used to depress the central nervous system in order to decrease the patient&rsquo;s awareness of unpleasant stimuli. This enables treatment to be carried out without patient interference. Extensive literature surveys were done to determine the ideal drugs as well as the ideal route for conscious sedation in dental treatment for children. In this study project drugs like midazolam, propofol, alfentanyl and ketamine were titrated intravenously to achieve conscious sedation. / South Africa

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23081号 / 医博第4708号 / 新制||医||1049(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中本 裕士, 教授 小川 誠司, 教授 武田 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The diploma thesis entitled "Family in the process of primary education of a child" deals with the issue of the family's influence on a child of younger school age from the perspective of professionals who are in close contact with children, pupils and their parents. These experts are teachers who encounter a diverse range of families during their practice and intensely perceive the impact of the family's influence on the child during his schooling. The first part of the work is focused on the elaboration of the theoretical basis of knowledge about the family, anchored in the literature. The very meaning of the family, its basic functions and their possible disruption are specified here. The typology of the family, its current form and approach to upbringing and education are also outlined. At the same time, basic knowledge about school and education in the Czech Republic was gathered, focusing on primary education and a child of younger school age. The theoretical part also deals with the interaction of two institutions important for society, such as the family and the school. The second part of the work is a research probe, which is based on the methodological procedures of a case study supplemented by semi-structured interviews illustrating individual cases. The expertise and knowledge of the...

This master thesis aims mainly on behaviour of primary-school children in the environment of the internet and on motivation which can lead to dangerous behaviour such as providing personal data. The theoretical part defines basic terms. Firstly, it focuses on psychological profile of primary-school children and on their experience with new technologies, then it describes major types of danger as results of hazardous behaviour of children on the internet focusing on cyberbullying and cybergrooming. The end of the theoretical part presents a number of basic researches related to primary-school children behaviour on the internet, which took place in the Czech Republic during last several years. The empirical part aims on qualitative research using the method called focus groups among primary-school children. Firstly, the research purpose and the methodology are described, followed by the most important part of the thesis - presentation of the results of the research and its evaluation, which involves also recommendation for education in this field and other potential researches. The conclusion of the thesis focuses mainly on the evaluation of the research and the work as a whole from the writer's point of view and on propounding of possible further development in this area. Keywords Children,...

The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the specifics of mental development of children of preschool and school age with very low to extremely low birth weight. The theoretical part is focused on prenatal and perinatal factors, the most common health problems and specifics of psychological development. Low birth weight, especially in the category of very low and extremely low birth weights poses a significant risk factor in somatic and mental development of these children. There is an increasing tendency in children with low birth weight to show the impact of immaturity in the areas of neurocognitive and psychosocial maturation. The aim of the empirical part is to evaluate the cognitive and socio-emotional development of children with very low to extreme low birth weight in two age groups (preschool and school age). The primary target group are children with perinatal stress, which are monitored and maintained therapeutically in the Center of complex care for children with perinatal stress at the Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine at Charles University. This thesis is dealt with within the project NF-CZ11-OV-1-009-2015 "New methods in the aftercare of children with perinatal stress in the Center of complex care for children...

Title: Methodic of selected judo techniques for younger school age children. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to build visual material, which has the form of mental maps, selected technic in judo for beginner's athletes during the younger school age. Mental maps will be formed in conjunction with each other in a successful design, failed design, or in individual combinations. Techniques will be selected on the basis of the Testing Regulations of the Czech Judo Association. Methods: The collection of knowledge was carried out by a literature search, which deals with the topic of Juda and the chosen age category. Another reason for choosing the suitability of these techniques is the direct link to the judo test rule, which is given by Czech judo association. Keywords: judo, a younger school age, methods technique, mental maps, combination

Title: Monitoring of the quality of body posture and of the relation between body posture and physical fitness at young school-age children Objective: The main goal of the work is to determine the quality of body posture and to find out the relation between posture and individual components of physical fitness and between posture and leisure time regime at a selected group of children of young school-age children Methods: The research group consisted of 147 children, 77 boys and 70 girls from 1st to 3rd grades aged 6.3 to 9.7 years. To evaluation of posture has been performed by the Matthias test, which has been modified tor the purpose of this thesis. This modified test was verified in a pilot study. The assessment of physical fitness was based on a UNIFITTEST 6-60 test battery, also the values of somatic features were measured. The test battery was supplemented by a test of maximum reach while sitting bended. To determine the volume of physical activities, a questionnaire was used, resp. the survey, which was completed by parents, due to the age of the children. To evaluate the date, statistical methods have been used for evaluating differences (the-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal- Wallis test) and to analyse the depency of variables a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used. The effect...

1 ABSTRACT The objective of the diploma thesis is to create a rating scale that would be convenient for the evaluation of the swimming crawl technique of the early age school children. The assumption of the thesis is to specify a model technique, which is corresponding with the stage of development of the children and also formulates criteria for evaluation of the swimming crawl technique. The created scale is later used within a group of children from the swimming school Žabička. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of the closer look at the characteristic of the early age school children, specification of the model swimming crawl technique and possible deviation of this technique. To follow up on this knowledge, a rating scale yes/no is developed, as well as a record sheet and an evaluation procedure. For determination of the results is used a method of observing, scaling and a method of quantitative analysis of statistical data. The final research results revealed deviation from the crawl technique mostly in the body posture, movements of legs, movements of arms and coordination of breathing together with arm movements. KEYWORDS swimming, swimming crawl, rating scale, younger school age