This paper aims to examine whether there are any substantial differences between a generation of users born during the 1960’s and younger generation born during the 1990’s regarding the use of digital technologies connected to the Internet. Based on Marc Prensky’s theories on people born before and after 1980 saying those born before are not as natural when it comes to using digital technologies. We used diaries as a qualitative method to gather data from 16 respondents. The results show that there is a small percentage that differs in total use of digital technology in favor for the younger generation but not substantial enough to be ruled as a generation better fitted for Internet usage and digital technologies. The results also show that smartphones were the most used technology and surfing the web was the most performed activity.

Title of the thesis: Comparison of basic abilities of children of elementary school age attending athletics and modern pentathlon squad Student: Bc. Martin Chyba Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, PhD. Consultant: PhDr. Pavel Hráský, Ph.D. Aims of the thesis: To compare the level of basic ability in selected motor tests at athletes and modern pentathletes of the elementary school age. Methodology: Performance of athletes and modern pentathletes of elementary school age were compared in the following general tests: 12-minute run, one- way jump, stability tests, tests jump. At the same time, the body composition was monitored throughout the test group. Conclusions: Testing of base performance showed that there are no major differences between athletes and modern pentathletes. Despite slightly better average results of athletes, we can only register a statistically significant variance in "one-way jump" where athletes significantly outperformed pentathletes. Another variance was recorded in stability tests, namely standing on the right feet but only within boys category. Even in this case athletes achieved better results. The reason being may be the higher calendar and sports age of athletes. Another difference has shown in comparison of training units within a weekly training cycle. Athletes normally...

This dissertation examines whether Buddhist beliefs and practices serve to reinforce and/or promote a Korean and/or Canadian cultural prism for next-generation Korean Buddhist practitioners in Toronto, Canada. I define Korean and Canadian cultural prisms based on the cross-cultural psychological framework of Individualism-Relational Collectivism (I-RC) and Analytical-Holistic (A-H) cognition. The aim of my research is to problematize culture in the construction of religious meaning and behaviour for relatively bicultural individuals. My research question can thus be summarized as follows: How is religious meaning and behaviour culturally constructed by next-generation Korean Buddhist practitioners in Canada? What role do individual cultural orientations and the different Buddhist cultural traditions play in this cultural construction and how does Buddhism compare to the other religions (namely Protestantism) practiced by younger-generation Korean-Canadians in this regard? By answering these questions, I ultimately hope to show whether the meaning system of Korean culture is preserved through religion among the younger generation of Korean Buddhist practitioners. I hypothesize that, due to the relatively non-authoritarian nature of Buddhism, the light of Buddhist beliefs and practices will predominantly be refracted through the a priori cultural prism of the individual in question, and the role of Buddhist doctrine and institutions in promoting a particular orientation (individualistic/relationally collectivistic and analytic/holistic) will be minimal and subordinate to the individual. The particular cultural orientation of this prism will, in turn, be dependent upon individual levels of monoculturalism (Korean or Canadian) or biculturalism (Korean and Canadian). In this way, Buddhism may serve to both preserve and undermine the Korean cultural meaning system. By comparison, I hypothesize that the relatively authoritarian nature of (Protestant) Christianity will likely encourage younger-generation Korean Christians to relate to their religion in a predominantly uniform way, regardless of the individual’s cultural orientation.

The thesis deals with communication of bilingual Czech-German families in North Rhine- Westphalia. We focused mainly on the language of primary school children. The work contains two sections - a theoretical and a practical section. In the first, theoretical part of the work we tried to describe (on the based on literature) the issue of bilingualism, bilingual education and language acquisition. We also discussed the development, more specifically of primary-aged children. Attention in this section is also drawn to the region of North Rhine- Westphalia, where our research was realized. The practical part of the thesis focusses on the qualitative research of communication in multilingual families. We tried to create language biographies of individual families, based on interviews with Czech-speaking parents. Using a questionnaire, we investigated the attitudes of German-speaking parents to bilingual education. We also recorded the linguistic performances of children, which were then analyzed. Our goal was to create the most complete overview of the researched families. Key words language acquisition, bilingualism, younger school age, linguistic biography

Title: Comparative study coordination skills in children from 7- 9 years Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine whether development of coordination capacity occurs within ordinary physical education hours, or if it is more effective to apply coordination training within physical education, or attend the general preparation of the youngest hockey players who have two times per week training of ice hockey and extra hours of physical education in primary education. Metods: The study consists of n=60 students from the elementary school. We evaluated coordination abilities within three months period. Testing was carried out during physical education classes. Results: Statistically significant change in coordination abilities was detected in children who attended physical education classes where coordination training was applied. There was no significant change in a other groups of children. Keywords: Coordination abilities, development, younger school age

5 ABSTRACT Long-term paleoenvironmental reconstructions provides essential interpretation of environmental changes. Multiproxy analysis of lake sediments can be used for tracking the historical evolution of lakes and significant processes which formed them over time. Subfossil Cladocera play a key ecological role in freshwater ecosystems. Sedimentary cladoceran assemblages reflect environmental changes and exhibit great potential in past environmental reconstructions. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to identify climatic changes of the time interval between the Late Glacial and the early Holocene in Černé Lake. Based on the analysis of geochemical and biological proxies, determined climatic conditions of Younger Dryas (YD). The YD oscillation in Central Europe has only been briefly described. The Czech Republic is positioned between oceanic and continental climate. The results of the multiproxy analyses suggests that climate conditions of the region during YD were similar to Western Europe with moderate wet climate conditions during the first half and drier conditions during the second half of the period. In the middle of YD there was an interesting event. Observed, probably due to high precipitation and floods. These results are based on P/L ratio, geochemical proxies, pollen analyses and record of...

There are many psychological aspects that enter the process of recognition. The theoretical part summarizes the current knowledge of the process of recognitions and explains some phenomena that may be involved in this process, among others the age of a witness and his subsequent ability to pass the process of reconciliation fruitfully. As far as foreign sources demonstrate a lot of research has been focused on this topic, however, when it comes to the domestic literature, this topic has not yet been given sufficient attention despite the fact that the percentage of the age representation in the population is changing significantly and the number of seniors, and thus potential senior witnesses, is constantly growing. Based on previous foreign research, this work presupposes that seniors have more difficulty with recognizing and identifying the offenders than younger adults do because their decision making is influenced by various factors, such as memory deterioration, higher suggestibility, or attempt to comply with authority. Subsequently, the thesis follows the connection between successful recognition and the certainty with which it was assumed. The research was conceived as an experiment and was attended by 120 participants. At first the video was presented and then participants were asked to...

The main theme of this diploma thesis is the development of musicality and musical movement activities through piano compositions of children at the younger school age. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part is based on ontogenetic, physiological and psychological patterns of this period. Furthermore, it deals with the means of musicality influence of the child and at the end of this part the relationship of piano music and movement is described and the basic musical movement activities and their important aspects are listed. The second part of the thesis, which is a practical part with the choice of qualitative research approach, is based on these theoretical findings. The practical part deals with piano compositions and their content for movement expression. Objectives, research questions, methods and research techniques are identified. Three pieces by P. Eben and Dreaming by Schumann were chosen for the research. Before each musical movement activity, appropriate motivation was chosen and training exercises were included. Each song is focused on a variety of issues where children can better understand issues in the songs. For musical and physical activities, common activities have been chosen, based on the natural child world. Research results are recorded in...

Title: Effect of extended physical education in children under school age. Objective: The project aims to find out whether pupils with extended physical education will achieve better results in functional muscle tests than children with standard two-hour physical education lessons per week. Methods: This is a pilot study where the quantitative nature of the research based on a comparison of the results of six functional muscle tests on shortened muscle groups predominates. Pupils were divided into two groups according to the number of physical education hours per week. Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine the level of muscle shortening, the significance level was set at α <0.05. Results: In the individual tests of functional muscle tests, pupils with three hours of physical education per week were better in most cases. Statistical analysis of the prevalence of individual types of muscle group weakness revealed a significantly better result (p ˂ 0.05) in three functional muscle tests. Specifically in postural stereotype according to Mathias, Thomayer exam and lateral flexion exam by pupils with extended TV. Key words: Muscular imbalance, younger school age, extended physical education.

Younger adults who are walking and doing additional tasks at the same time may not realize if their performance suffers, putting some at greater risk for injury and impairment during certain tasks. This thesis has addressed this confound by developing a divided attention paradigm focusing on discrete and continuous demand manipulations. The work assessed in motorcognitive processing changes with cerebral and behavioral monitoring of over-ground walking with or without cognitive tasks. Participants (n = 19, 18-35 years, 13 females) were asked to walk at their usual pace [usual walking condition (SM)], walk at their usual pace while performing a cognitive task [dual-task condition (DT)] as well as conduct a cognitive task while standing [single cognitive condition (SC)]. All participants conducted two discrete [simple response time (SRT) & go-no-go (GNG)] and two continuous cognitive tasks [N-back (NBK) & double number sequence (DNS)] of increasing demand. The study revealed significant brain and behavior interactions during the most demanding continuous cognitive task, the DNS. The findings demonstrated lower accuracy rates, slower walk speeds as well as greater cerebral oxygenation in DNS DT in comparison to single task conditions. With increasing cognitive demands and tasks, there were longer response times, as well as lower accuracy rates. The behavioral findings were qualified by marginally significant interactions in a 2 x 4 RM ANOVA between SC-DT task and demand for accuracy rate [F (3, 54) = 2.66, p = 0.06, η2 =.13], significant interactions in response time [F (2, 36) = 4.1, p = 0.026, η2 =.18] as well as significant SM-DT task and demand findings for walk speed [F (3, 54) =5.3, p = 0.003, η2 =.23]. The 2 x 2 x 4 RM ANOVA revealed significant HbO2 interactions between walking tasks (single and dual), hemisphere and demand [F (3, 54) = 5.730, p = 0.002, η2 =.24] in the DNS only. The data suggests that greater demand manipulations with continuous cognitive tasks may be sensitive to both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and behavioral assessments in younger adults (YA). Further validation of the discrete-continuous demand paradigm in motor studies may provide a basis for cognitive assessment with applications in motor learning, cognitive training, aging and more.