The diploma thesis describes the importance of music in the personal development of a younger toddler. The theoretical part deals with an insight into the personality development of the child from the prenatal period to the period of a younger toddler. It also deals with the characteristics of the imprinting and sensitive period in the child's life, the influence of music on the development of the toddler's personality, musical development and the development of musical abilities in this period. It also discusses the importance of a musically stimulating environment for the development of the child's personality and presents artistic themes for early children in an integrated approach. The practical part of the diploma thesis is based on monitoring and evaluating the musical expressions of my son and seven children examined throughout the period of the younger toddler. The aim of this diploma thesis is to monitor the musical development of the younger toddler and the physical, mental and sociological influences that affect the personal development of the toddler through music. As part of the qualitative research, interviews were also conducted with mothers of seven younger toddlers, which serve to supplement the results of monitoring the development of children's music in this period. Furthermore,...

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är näst vanligaste cancerformen som drabbar yngre kvinnor. Vid yngre åldrar är sjukdomen oftast avancerad med högre mortalitet och skapar stort lidande för de drabbade kvinnorna. Syfte: Belysa yngre kvinnors tankar och upplevelser som infinner sig i livet efter en bröstcancerdiagnos. Metod: Kvalitativ metod genomfördes av bloggar där examensarbetet använt sig av innehållsanalys för att kunna beskriva en ny helhet av texten. Resultat: Resultatet visade att kvinnor upplevde svårigheter i att strukturera upp sin vardag, då de fick leva med ständig rädsla. Leva med sjukdomen innefattade mentala och kroppsliga påfrestningar. Trots detta fann kvinnorna ändå positiva stunder som ingav styrka och energi. Att orka leva i nuet och våga planera för framtiden med vänner och anhöriga, gjorde att det infann sig känsla av samhörighet hos de drabbade kvinnorna.  Konklusion: Det är centralt med ett bemötande från sjuksköterskan byggt på empati och förståelse för att förebygga vårdlidande. / Background: Breast cancer is the second most common form of cancer affecting younger women. The disease is usually more advanced with younger women, and has a higher mortality rate resulting in greater suffering for the women and their relatives. Existential concern and questions arise within the women and they usually trust the health service for advice, support and answers. Objective: To shed light on younger women’s thoughts and experiences that occur in life after a breast cancer diagnosis. Method: Qualitative method was carried out by blogs where the degree project used content analysis to describe a new whole of the text. Finding: The results showed that the women experienced difficulties with daily organisation and had a constant feeling of fear. Living with the diesease resulted in mental and physical stress. However the women had moments of positivity whitch in turn lead to increased strengh and energy. Being able to live in the moment and daring to plan for the future with friends and family lead to a sense of belonging amongst the affected women. Conclusion: It´s important that the nurse’s treatment is based on empathy and an understanding to prevent care suffering.

The diploma thesis focused on the issue of coping with separation from the family. Specifically, it focused on so-called homesickness in children of younger school age when participating in a several-day stay at school in nature. The aim of the work was to map the risk factors contributing to a worse experience of separation child from the family and to compile basic recommendations for teachers on what measures they should take together with the family to make it as easy as possible for the child to stay outside the family. Based on a study of the literature and research reports, a questionnaire for parents was first prepared and then submitted, which could help teachers find children at risk, but also draw attention to parents' risky behavior, which could exacerbate difficulties in coping. Records of risk factors were compared with records of children's experience and behavior during school stays in nature. These were obtained through a pupil questionnaire survey and a structured questionnaire for accompanying teachers. The diploma thesis managed to determine the positive activities that parents should choose before the child leaves for school in nature. The results of the research confirmed a significant connection between longing and the factor of previous experience with staying away from...

The goal of this thesis is to ascertain results in test battery in young school age children, specifically aged 6.-9. years, who took part in project Sazka Olympijský víceboj. We were especially focused on disciplines of Olympijský diplom, which examine motor abilities by using motor tests. Unfortunately, because of Covid-19 pandemic situation, we had to request the results of mentioned tests from elementary schools, and also from organisation, that manages the whole project. The data we have received were from three elementary schools from Central Bohemian Region and Prague. All data were from first stage of elementary school and were measured between 2016-2020, because these data were the most current ones. The practical part of this thesis was formed as quantitative form of research. Population was composed of 92 schoolchildren, who took part in project Olympijský diplom between 2016- 2020 and were in first, second and third year of elementary school during these years. Girls were included in total count of 51 and boys were included in total count of 41. We have analysed collected data from different aspects. The aim of our interest were average values according to gender, school year and also comparison of class with orientation on sports and casual class. The research part of this thesis...

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University evaluations often reflect an individual’s ability to memorize and recall lecture material during exams. Consequently, the ability to effectively encode, store, and later retrieve information is an integral part of learning and academic success. Notably, students who are more physically active tend to have better academic performance. The neurobiology of stress is a strong candidate for the mechanism underlying this exercise-cognition interaction. Given that exercise is a physical stressor, it is hypothesized that exercise-induced adrenocortical activations increase cortisol levels. Critically, cortisol increases memory consolidation for newly learned information. One hundred twenty-eight young adults (36 males; age: M±SD =19.47±1.55 years) viewed a video lecture before exercise (n = 41), after exercise (n = 42), or after rest (n = 45). The exercise was high intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer and memory for the lecture material was assessed using a multiple-choice quiz conducted 14 minutes and 48 hours after the lecture. There was a significant positive correlation between aerobic fitness and grade point average [r(95) = 0.22, p < .05], immediate recall [r(100) = 0.39, p < .001], and delayed recall [r(98) = 0.28, p < .01]. A mixed model ANOVA found a significant main effect of group on comprehension of the lecture material, F(2, 96) = 3.34, p < .05, revealing greater memory benefits at both 14 minutes and 48 hour delays for those who exercised compared to those who did not exercise; however, pairwise comparisons found this effect specific to the exercise post group. There was also a main effect of group on cortisol levels, F(2, 107) = 3.97, p < .05; however, only the exercise prior group exhibited significantly greater levels than the control group. Thus cortisol levels collected during the experimental session did not clearly differentiate the exercise conditions or reflect the observed memory benefits for the exercise post group. This may have resulted from the gradual increase in cortisol following exercise that had time to increase when exercise was completed at the beginning of the exercise session (exercise prior) rather than at the end (exercise post). Overall, this study suggests that both physical fitness and an acute bout of aerobic exercise are associated with academic and memory performance. More research is needed to understand the mechanism. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

This study is a collections-based project that employs approximately 1,300 projectile points to investigate behavioral response to the Younger Dryas in north Alabama (12,900 to 11,700 BP). I apply a version of the marginal value theorem to determine how changing resource structures caused changes in projectile point technology. I argue that changes in technology during the Younger Dryas were not conditioned by access or availability of lithic raw material. Instead, variation in technology is likely a response to changes in return rates from hunting and foraging. Further, the changes in hunting return rates correlate with changes in north Alabama forest structure, which were conditioned by the Younger Dryas. To this end, I argue that the sustained impact of the Younger Dryas, and subsequent Holocene warming, had an effect on the subsistence economies of hunter-gatherers living in northern Alabama during this time, which is exhibited by changes in projectile point technology.

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This dissertation offers the first systematic historical contextualization and literary analysis of the five saints' lives composed by Philotheos Kokkinos (ca. 1300-1378) for his contemporaries Nikodemos the Younger, Sabas the Younger, Isidore Boucheir, Germanos Maroules, and Gregory Palamas. Notwithstanding Kokkinos' prominent role in the political and ecclesiastical scene of fourteenth-century Byzantium, as well as the size and significance of his hagiographic oeuvre, both the hagiographer and his saints' lives have received surprisingly little scholarly attention. My dissertation fills this gap and shows Kokkinos as a gifted hagiographer who played a leading role, both through his ecclesiastical authority and hagiographic discourse, in orchestrating the societal breakthrough of hesychast theology that has remained at the core of Christian Orthodoxy up to this day. The dissertation is structured in three parts. The first, Philotheos Kokkinos and His OEuvre, offers an extensive biographical portrait of Kokkinos, introduces his literary oeuvre, and discusses its manuscript tradition. A thorough palaeographical investigation of fourteenth-century codices carrying his writings reveals Kokkinos' active involvement in the process of copying, reviewing, and publishing his own works. This section includes an analysis of the 'author's edition' manuscript Marcianus graecus 582, and presents its unusual fate. Moreover, Part I establishes the chronology of Kokkinos' vitae of contemporary saints and offers biographical sketches of his heroes, highlighting their relationship to their hagiographer. The second part, Narratological Analysis of Kokkinos' Vitae of Contemporary Saints, constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of Kokkinos' narrative technique. It first discusses the types of hagiographic composition ('hagiographic genre') Kokkinos employed for his saints' lives (hypomnema, bios kai politeia, and logos), and then it offers a detailed investigation that sheds light on the organization of the narrative in Kokkinos' vitae and his use of specific narrative devices. This includes a discussion of hesychastic elements couched in the narrative. Part II concludes with considerations on Kokkinos' style and intended audience. The third part, Saints and Society, begins with a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the miracle accounts Kokkinos wove in his saints' lives. This considers the miracle typology, types of afflictions, methods of healing, and the demographic characteristics of the beneficiaries (such as age, gender, and social status), revealing that Kokkinos shows a predilection for including miracles for members of the aristocracy. Second, it presents Kokkinos' view on the relationship between the imperial office and ecclesiastical authority by analysing how he portrays the emperor(s) in his vitae. Moreover, this part addresses the saints' encounters with the 'other' (Muslims and Latins), revealing Kokkinos' nuanced understanding of the threats and opportunities raised by these interactions. Finally, it makes the claim that through his saints' lives Kokkinos offers models of identification and refuge in the troubled social and political context of fourteenth-century Byzantium, promoting a spiritual revival of society. As my dissertation shows, Kokkinos' vitae of contemporary saints sought to shape and were shaped by the political and theological disputes of fourteenth-century Byzantium, especially those surrounding hesychasm. Their analysis offers insights into the thought-world of their author and sheds more light on the late-Byzantine religious and cultural context of their production. The dissertation is equipped with six technical appendices presenting the chronology of Kokkinos' life and works, the narrative structure of his vitae of contemporary saints, a critical edition of the preface of his hitherto unedited Logos on All Saints (BHG 1617g), a transcription of two hitherto unedited prayers Kokkinos addressed to the emperors, the content of Marc. gr. 582 and Kokkinos' autograph interventions, and manuscript plates.

Bakgrund: Inom politik och media beskrivs unga arbetslösa som oengagerade, lågutbildade och socialt inkompetenta. Denna uppfattning förstärks när allt fler unga inte lyckats komma in på arbetsmarknaden och blir långvarigt arbetslösa. För att åtgärda problemet att ta sig in på arbetsmarknad, sätts de in på arbetsmarknadsåtgärder. Stämmer medias bild över verkligheten? Hur ser åtgärderna egentligen ut och hur påverkas de unga vuxna över tid som arbetslös? Ligger ansvaret för arbetslösheten på personerna själva eller finns det andra bakomliggande faktorer? Hur kan systemet eventuellt förbättras? Metod: För att ta reda på svaren har vi gjort en systematisk litteraturstudie där vi använt oss av 29 artiklar. Resultat: Ju längre arbetslöshet, desto svårare förutsättningar att komma ut på arbetsmarknaden. I takt med tiden försämras dessutom den fysiska, psykiska och sociala hälsan hos individen, vilket medför dubbla negativa konsekvenser. Om man är utan fullständigt gymnasiebetyg eller körkort, är chanserna för jobb bland de minsta. Dagens satsningar ligger framför allt på aktiveringsinsatser. Trots detta avslutar 25 procent gymnasiet utan fullständigt betyg. Slutsats: Arbetslöshet måste åtgärdas så tidigt som möjligt. Ett av de bästa alternativen för både individ och samhälle, är satsningar på kompletta gymnasiebetyg och billigare körkortskostnader. Detta skulle medföra att fler får grundförutsättningar och kvalifikationer för de flesta arbeten som saknar krav på eftergymnasial utbildning.