Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2001. / Lolu cwarnngo lucubungula impicabadala ngempi yaseNtibane. Kunernibuzo enusa ikhanda mayelana nokwehlulwa kwempi kaZulu ngesikhathi uZulu ebhekene ngeziqu zamehlo namaBhunu ngonyaka ka-1838. Lolu cwaningo luzama ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela eyenzeka ngalolu suku lena eyabangela ukunqotshwa kukaZulu empini yaseNtibane? Kungabe amasu okulwa ajwayelekile akawasebenzisanga uNdlela? Kungabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi uZulu owasala kule mpi ubalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu? Kungabe kuyiqiniso uJ...'Uthi umfula waze waphenduka igazi? Vma kuyiqiniso, kungabe elikaZulu kuphela igazi elaphalala? Lena ngeminye yemibuzo okudingeka iphenduleke. Lolu cwaningo luzama ukuthola izimpendulo zale mibuzo kanye neminye ezohambe ivela Kubhekisiswa izindlela ezazisetshenziswa uZulu uma ebutha amabutho, ukwethiwa igama kwebutho, ukwabiwa kwezihlangu ngokwemibala enhlobonhlobo, imvunulo yamabutho, ukuma kwempi kaZulu jikelele, izindlela zokuhlasela kanye nempicabadala ngempi yaseNtibane. Kuyobhekisiswa imihlobiso eyiiigqizo zokunonophala kolimi kulo msebenzi. Lokhu Imyaphuthuma ukuba kwenziwe ngoba kosiza kakhulu isizwe kakhulukazi oSomlando, oSomafa kaZulu, izizukulwane ngezizulmlwane, izivakashi kanye nalabo abasekhaleni lokweluleka abavakashi ikakhulu kwelakwaMthaniya. Lolu cwaningo lunezahluko eziyisihlanu. Isahluko sokugala "isingeniso socwaningo". Amagama asetshenzisiwe kulo rnqulu azohlaziywa kahle ukuze ingqikithi yalokho akushoyo icace. Sibuka izinhloso nentshisekelo yomsebenzi jikelele. Kukhonjwa indlela yokuqhuba ucwaningo kanye nemidiyo yalo. Isahluko sesibili siqondene "nokurna kwempi kaZulu", ukubutha, izihlangu, imvunulo kanye namanoni olirni avela kulokhu.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the portrayal of women characters in two postcolonial Zulu novels: Asikho ndawo bakithi (1996) and Itshwe/e lempangele (1998). The study is approached from a feminist theoretical framework and focuses on gender and culture. The study concentrates on patriarchal relations because they are most widely used as the foundation for a specifically feminist investigation of sexual relations. The study examines two postcolonial novels with the objective to establish how the writers portray women characters after the introduction of the 1994 democratic dispensation in South Africa. In the past, women characters were portrayed as stereotypes: they were either too bad or too good in line with the dictates of the patriarchal society where women are expected to take a subservient role, and men to assume the dominant role. This has made the character of women in fiction exaggerated and one-dimensional in the sense that the women characters do not develop, nor do they behave in various respects like normal human beings. The women characters are often victims of several circumstances caused by patriarchy and other socio-economic factors. The aim of analisying the two novels is to compare them and observe how women, as literary characters are portrayed. The study found that in Asikho ndawo bakithi women characters are portrayed as normal women who respond appropriately to the challenges of their environment. Yet the fact that they live in abject poverty and are homeless, make them victims of the social ills that take their lives cheap. This situation creates tremendous stress and pressure on their lives and leads to gradual moral degradation beyond their control. Itshwele lempangele can be viewed as a post-apartheid novel because it has democritised images of women characters. For example, Ndelebuli teaches his father, Sonqisha that he should never beat up his mother whenever they have problem. Ndelebuli thus becomes an epitome of a young man who treats maidens and married women with dignity, respect and tolerance in the novel. Another issue addressed in the novel is that the women characters portrayed belong to multicultural environments and the exemplary marriages are crosscultural. Of the two novels, Itshwele lempangele presents images of liberated women whereas in Asikho ndawo bakithi, women characters are portrayed as victims of the legacy of the social ills of the apartheid era. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die uitbeelding van vroue in twee post-koloniale novelles in Zulu: Asikho ndawo bakithi (1996) en Itshwe/e lempange/e (1998). Die studie word benader vanuit 'n feministiese toeretiese raamwerk en fokus op gender en kultuuraspekte soos gemanifesteer in die novelles. Die studie fokus op patriargale verhoudinge omdat dit mees algemeen gebruik word as basis vir 'n spesifiek-feministiese ondersoek van seksuele verhoudinge. Die studie ondersoek twee postkoloniale novelles met die doel om vas te stel hoe die skrywers vroue-karakters voorstel na die invoer van die demokratiese bestel in 1994 in Suid-Afrika. In die verlede is vrouekarakters uitgebeeld as stereotipes: hulle was of net positief of net negatief uitgebeeld, in Iyn met die patriargale gemeenskap waarin van vroue verwag is om In onderdanige rol te he, en van mans verwag is om In dominante rol te he. Dit het die karakters van vroue in fiksie een-dimensioneel gemaak in die sin dat vrouekarakters nie ontwikkel nie en dat hulle in verskeie opsigte nie optree soos normale mense nie. Die vrouekarakters was dikwels slagoffers van verskillende omstandighede wat toegeskryf kan word aan patriargie en sosio-ekonomiese faktore. Die doelstelling met die analise van die twee novelles is om hulle te vergelyk en vas te stel hoe vroue as llterere karakters uitgebeeld word. Daar is bevind in die studie dat in Asikho ndawo bakithi vrouekarakters as normale vroue uitgebeeld word wat gepas reageer op die uitdagings van die omgewing. Nietemin veroorsaak die feit dat vroue in uiterste armoede leef en dikwels nie huise het nie, dat hulle slagoffers word van sosiale euwels wat hulle lewens goedkoop maak. Hierdie toestand veroorsaak groot spanning en druk op hulle lewens en dit lei tot morele agteruitgang buite hulle beheer. Itshwe/e lempange/e kan beskou word as In post-apartheid novelle omdat dit die beeld van vroue gedemokratiseer het. Die karakter Ndelebuli leer byvoorbeeld vir sy vader dat hy nooit sy moeder moet slaan nie, watter probleem hulle ookal mag he. Ndelebuli word die toonbeeld in die novelle van hoe jong meisies en vroue met respek en waardigheid behandel moet word. In Verdere verskynsel wat aangespreek word in die novelle is dat die vrouekarakters wat uitgebeeld word vanuit multikulturele omgewings kom en dat goeie voorbeelde van huwelike kruiskultureel is. Itshwele lempangele bied In uitbeelding van bevryde vroue, terwyl Asikho ndawo bakithi vroue uitbeeld as slagoffers van die nalatenskap van die sosiale euwels van apartheid.

No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1994.

M.A. (African Languages) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This work investigates characterisation in four modern Zulu novels. The objective of the study is to examine whether or not there is development in the portrayal of characters in recently published Zulu novels. The study is prompted by the view that a high number of novels in African languages have inadequate portrayal of characters (Zulu 1998). Focus has been placed on the following four Zulu novels: Izibiba Ziyeqana, Asikho Ndawo 8akithi, Isidleke Samanqe, and Itshwele Lempangele. The novels were published between 1995 and 1998 and all have won literary prizes in recognition of their high literary qualities. It has been found in the study that the way characters are portrayed in the four novels shows some signs of development. All the chief characters are 'round' in the sense that they change and adapt to changes and circumstances. Even though there are serious problems, the characters are seen to be fighting like ordinary human beings to better their lives. It is also found in the study that antagonists in some novels are round characters. It is concluded that this study identifies positive properties about the development of characterisation in the Zulu novel of the late 1990's. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek karakterisering in vier moderne Zulu novelles. Die hoofdoelstelling van die studie is om vas te stel of daar 'n ontwikkeling in die voorstelling van karakters in onlangs-gepubliseerde Zulu novelles is. Die studie is gemotiveer deur die siening wat bestaan dat 'n groot aantal novelles in Afrikatale 'n onvoldoende voorstelling van karakters toon (Zulu, 1998). Die fokus van die studie val op die volgende vier Zulu novelles: Izibiba Ziyeqana, Asikho Ndawo Bakithi, Isidleke Samanqe en Itshwele Lempangele. Hierdie novelles is gepubliseer tussen 1995 en 1998 en het almal literere pryse gewen ter erkenning van hulle uitstaande letterkundige meriete. Die studie het bevind dat die wyse waarop die karakters voorgestel is in al vier novelles verskeie tekens van ontwikkeling ten opsigte van die Zulu letterkunde toon. AI die hoofkarakters is "rond" in die sin dat hulle verander en aanpas na gelang van veranderinge en omstandighede. Selfs onder ernstige omstandighede, veg die karakters soos gewone mense om hulle lewens te verbeter. Daar is ook in die studie bevind dat die antagoniste in sommige novelies ronde karakters is. Die studie identifiseer positiewe kenmerke t.o.v. die ontwikkeling van karakterisering in die Zulu novelle in die laat 1990's. / IQOQO Lomsebenzi ubhekane nokuvezwa kwabalingiswa emanovelini amane wesiZulu. Kubhekwe amanoveli amasha ngenjongo yokuthola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuthuthuka ngokuvezwa kwabalingiswa. Okwaziwayo okwamanje wukuthi ukuvezwa kwabalingiswa emanovelini amaningi wabomdabu kusezingeni eliphansi (Zulu 1998), yingakho-ke lomsebenzi ubuzama ukuthola ukuthi ngabe luyabonakala yini loguquko Iwemqubekela phambili. Kukhethwelamanoveli alandelayo: Izibiba Ziyeqana, Asikho Ndawo Bakithi Isidleke Samanqe, kanye ne-Itshwele Lempangele lapho kucubungulwa loshintsho lokuvezwa kwabalingiswa ngababhali bemnyaka yabo 1990. Lamanoveli angawoshicilelo olusuka ku-1995 ukuya ku-1998. Kuye kwakhethwa lamanoveli ngoba azuze imiklomelo yokuthi abhalwe ngezinga eliphezulu. Okutholwe kulomsebenzi ukuthi ukuvezwa kwabalingiswa yilababhali balamanovela kubonisa impumela phambili. Bonke abalingiswa abaphambili batholakala beyizindilinga. Umlingiswa nomlingiswa lapho ehlangabezana nezingqinamba uyaguquguquka azifune ebuhleni ngempilo yakhe. Nanoma kunobunzima sibathola ngasosonke isikhathi balwisana nabo bazama izindlela ezizobasa empumelelweni. Kutholakale futhi ukuthi bonke labalingiswaabangabaphikisi (antagonists)babonakala bakhula. Lomsebenzi uphethwa ngokuthi ziyabonakala zrmpewu zokukhula nokuthuthuka ekuvezweni kwabalingiswa emanovelini wesiZulu wababhali bango1990.

M.A. (African Languages) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The study addresses the reasons why Buthelezi is regarded as a post-apartheid writer. Among other reasons that are discussed in this study is that in his novels, he touches on some of the issues that were not dealt with in the apartheid period. It also looks at the didactic elements that are conveyed in Buthelezi's novels as far as the post-apartheid period is concerned. Advantages and disadvantages of the post-apartheid period to South Africans are also examined, one of the very important disadvantages being the loss of the spirit of ubuntu among the African people while they try to move on with times. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

isiZulu text / Esahlukweni sokuqala, besingenisa ucwaningo lonkana futhi sethula nenjongo yalolu cwaningo ukuze ofundayo asheshe abe nesithombe ngokuzolandela ezahlukweni ezilandelayo. Sizamile ukuveza isisekelo nokubaluleka kwalolu cwaningo njengoba sivezile ukuthi isicwaningwe kakhulu imibhalo yabesilisa ngakho-ke sizoke sibheke eyabesifazane neyabesilisa sicubungula ukuthi yibaphi abethula abalingiswa besifazane kangcono kunabanye. Sibe sesibheka nezindlela zokuhluza imibhalo. Kuso lesi sahluko sethule isakhiwo socwaningo lapho siveze zonke izahluko nokuthi yini umongo wesahluko ngasinye. Esahlukweni sesibili, bese singena-ke sigxila kuzo izindlela zokucubungula imibhalo ezikhethelwe lolu cwaningo. Kulolu cwaningo sigxile kakhulu kuyiwumanizimu nesemiyothikhi. Sizichazile-ke lezi zindlela zokucubungula imibhalo. Isemiyothikhi inezimpawu eziningi ezithinta abalingiswa emibhalweni esiyivezile sayichaza kafuphi. Esahlukweni sesithathu, sibe sesiqala wona umshikashika wokucubungula imibhalo engamanoveli ebhalwe ngabesifazane. Kuningi ebe kade singakubheka emanovelini kodwa ngoba injongo yalolu cwaningo lwethu ukubheka ukuthi abesifazane bethulwe kanjani nezinto ezibathintayo sisebenzise izimpawu ezimbalwa. Sibone kuzosiza ukuqale siyifingqe indaba yonke bese sidingida lezo zinto esizibone zithinta abesifazane enovelini. Esahlukweni sesine, sicubungule amanoveli abhalwe ngabesilisa ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi bavezwe kanjani abesifazane ngababhali besilisa. Besifisa ukubona ukuthi ukonakala okuye kuvezwe ngabesilisa emibhalweni ngabesifazane kukuliphi izinga. Esahlukweni sesihlanu, bese sisonga, sincoma sibuka esikwenzile esahlukweni ngasinye. Kubuye kwabaluleka ukuba sibheke ukuthi empeleni yibaphi ababhali phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa abaveza abalingiswa besifazane kangcono sisho nezizathu ezenza sithi uhlobo lwababhali oluthize lubethula kangcono abalingiswa besifazane. Ake sijeqeze kancane khona ukwethulwa kwabalingiswa sesisonga lolu cwaningo lwethu. / Chapter 1 is introducing the research and introduces its aim so that it could be easy for the reader to depict what the whole study will be about. This chapter has also laid the background to the study as it has been said that lot of research has been done with books written by males. The focus will be on both male and female writers trying to find out who portrays female characters better. We therefore looked at the ways of analyzing literature and the structure and the gist of each chapters. Chapter 2 we engaged in theory or the ways of analyzing literature that is used in this research. The study will mostly embark on womanism and semiotics which have been described. Chapter 3 focuses on analyzing novels written by female writers Msimang Nelisile, Shange Maphili, Langa Zakithi and Zulu Nelisiwe. The focus is on the women portrayal. The chapter starts with a summary. Chapter 4 has its focus on analyzing novels written by male writers Molefe Lawrence and Wanda Mjajisi. The aim was also to find out how women are portrayed by male authors. We wanted to find out the extent of the corruption of female characters as portrayed by males in their literature. Chapter 5 this chapter summarizes and appreciates what has been done in other chapters. There was also a need to compare between the male and female writers, who portrayed females better than the other and give reasons for that judgment. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

This research on the subject is one of a few written in the medium of isiZulu. Further, it is one of the few conducted on masikandi music in this depth. It identifies and analyzes strategies used by Zulu masikandis in their music. The researcher in this study demonstrated that Zulu masikandis comprise males and females and that at present male masikandis are dominating this genre. Besides that, the study also revealed two categories of Zulu masikandis: those who recorded their music and those who could not. The researcher demonstrated also that Zulu masikandis use different effective strategies for different purposes in their music. He demonstrated that Zulu masikandis use different strategies to introduce themselves to their followers and their counterparts, to brag about certain members of their groups, to coin and use nicknames, to reveal their themes, to reveal their emotions, to use various types of imagery and to use strategies which are the results of influences of factors like Christianity, riddles, folktales and praise-poems. Some of the challenges are that other masikandis find it very difficult to record their music owing to financial problems, other producers are corrupt, as masikandis are influential figures in public there is a danger that they can mislead the public by coining and spreading unstandardized Zulu expressions through their songs. Finally, it must be pointed out that the study of masikandi music, particularly strategies used by Zulu masikandis, makes a great contribution to the study of literature. The reason is that it introduces a new path, the different strategies used by Zulu masikandis in their music, categories of Zulu masikandis, nicknames for Zulu masikandis which are coined by themselves and sometimes by members of the public and different methods of collecting data to be used by other researchers. Therefore, it is worthy of publication. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

isiZulu text / Esahlukweni sokuqala, besingenisa ucwaningo lonkana futhi sethula nenjongo yalolu cwaningo ukuze ofundayo asheshe abe nesithombe ngokuzolandela ezahlukweni ezilandelayo. Sizamile ukuveza isisekelo nokubaluleka kwalolu cwaningo njengoba sivezile ukuthi isicwaningwe kakhulu imibhalo yabesilisa ngakho-ke sizoke sibheke eyabesifazane neyabesilisa sicubungula ukuthi yibaphi abethula abalingiswa besifazane kangcono kunabanye. Sibe sesibheka nezindlela zokuhluza imibhalo. Kuso lesi sahluko sethule isakhiwo socwaningo lapho siveze zonke izahluko nokuthi yini umongo wesahluko ngasinye. Esahlukweni sesibili, bese singena-ke sigxila kuzo izindlela zokucubungula imibhalo ezikhethelwe lolu cwaningo. Kulolu cwaningo sigxile kakhulu kuyiwumanizimu nesemiyothikhi. Sizichazile-ke lezi zindlela zokucubungula imibhalo. Isemiyothikhi inezimpawu eziningi ezithinta abalingiswa emibhalweni esiyivezile sayichaza kafuphi. Esahlukweni sesithathu, sibe sesiqala wona umshikashika wokucubungula imibhalo engamanoveli ebhalwe ngabesifazane. Kuningi ebe kade singakubheka emanovelini kodwa ngoba injongo yalolu cwaningo lwethu ukubheka ukuthi abesifazane bethulwe kanjani nezinto ezibathintayo sisebenzise izimpawu ezimbalwa. Sibone kuzosiza ukuqale siyifingqe indaba yonke bese sidingida lezo zinto esizibone zithinta abesifazane enovelini. Esahlukweni sesine, sicubungule amanoveli abhalwe ngabesilisa ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi bavezwe kanjani abesifazane ngababhali besilisa. Besifisa ukubona ukuthi ukonakala okuye kuvezwe ngabesilisa emibhalweni ngabesifazane kukuliphi izinga. Esahlukweni sesihlanu, bese sisonga, sincoma sibuka esikwenzile esahlukweni ngasinye. Kubuye kwabaluleka ukuba sibheke ukuthi empeleni yibaphi ababhali phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa abaveza abalingiswa besifazane kangcono sisho nezizathu ezenza sithi uhlobo lwababhali oluthize lubethula kangcono abalingiswa besifazane. Ake sijeqeze kancane khona ukwethulwa kwabalingiswa sesisonga lolu cwaningo lwethu. / Chapter 1 is introducing the research and introduces its aim so that it could be easy for the reader to depict what the whole study will be about. This chapter has also laid the background to the study as it has been said that lot of research has been done with books written by males. The focus will be on both male and female writers trying to find out who portrays female characters better. We therefore looked at the ways of analyzing literature and the structure and the gist of each chapters. Chapter 2 we engaged in theory or the ways of analyzing literature that is used in this research. The study will mostly embark on womanism and semiotics which have been described. Chapter 3 focuses on analyzing novels written by female writers Msimang Nelisile, Shange Maphili, Langa Zakithi and Zulu Nelisiwe. The focus is on the women portrayal. The chapter starts with a summary. Chapter 4 has its focus on analyzing novels written by male writers Molefe Lawrence and Wanda Mjajisi. The aim was also to find out how women are portrayed by male authors. We wanted to find out the extent of the corruption of female characters as portrayed by males in their literature. Chapter 5 this chapter summarizes and appreciates what has been done in other chapters. There was also a need to compare between the male and female writers, who portrayed females better than the other and give reasons for that judgment. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)