Orientador: Márcia Ortiz Mayo Marques / Resumo: A Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), popularmente conhecida como erva-cidreira, é uma planta originaria da América do Sul e considerada um recurso genético vegetal de altíssimo valor para estudos de bioprospecção pela sua potencial importância econômica, ecológica e propriedades do seu óleo essencial. A irrigação de sistemas de produção agrícola depende da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos da demanda de água em cada etapa do cultivo, requerendo um manejo criterioso e sustentável. Estudos em plantas aromáticas têm mostrado que o manejo da água por meio da irrigação e as condições climáticas do local de cultivo são fatores abióticos determinantes na produção de biomassa, rendimento de óleo essencial e síntese de princípios ativos de interesse para a indústria de cosméticos, perfumes e fragrâncias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação na biomassa, rendimento, produção e composição química do óleo essencial da espécie Lippia alba, de clones selecionados de quimiotipo linalol, pertencentes ao Banco de Germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico (IAC). As mudas foram obtidas por propagação assexuada e o cultivo conduzido em casa de vegetação em sistema orgânico de produção. Os tratamentos foram representados pelo manejo da irrigação com base na evapotranspiração de referência (50%, 75%, 100% ET0 e 125% da ET0). Os cortes foram efetuados aos 90, 180, 270 e 360 dias após a poda de formação (DAPF). As plantas foram avaliadas quanto à produção total de ma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), popularly known as lemon balm, is a plant originally from South America and considered a highly valuable plant genetic resource for bioprospecting studies due to its potential economic, ecological and essential oil properties. The irrigation of agricultural production systems depends on the availability of water resources for water demand at each stage of cultivation, requiring careful and sustainable management. Studies on aromatic plants have shown that water management through irrigation and the climatic conditions of the place of cultivation are abiotic factors determining biomass production, essential oil yield and synthesis of active principles of interest to the cosmetics, perfumes industry and fragrances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on biomass, yield, production and chemical composition of the essential oil of the species Lippia alba, from selected clones of the linalool chemotype, belonging to the Germplasm Bank of the Agronomic Institute (IAC). The seedlings were obtained by asexual propagation and cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse in an organic production system. The treatments were represented by irrigation management based on reference evapotranspiration (50%, 75%, 100% ET0 and 125% ET0). The cuts were made at 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after the formation pruning (DAPF). Plants were evaluated for total leaf dry matter production (PTMSF), total stem dry matter production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

For migratory birds the highly dynamic atmosphere plays a significant role during every part of their migratory flight. It is essential for the success of their reproduction that they arrive at the breeding areas in the right time span and in good condition. It follows then a successful and timely migration to their breeding areas is of critical importance to these bird populations. Seemingly, different weather conditions can either be beneficial or detrimental and specifically wind is thought to be the greatest factor for a successful migration. Migratory birds have to, due to various cues, decide when to stop for stopovers as well as decide for next take off from that stopover site. In this study I’ve examined if four different abiotic factors, (wind direction, wind speed, temperature and precipitation) affect snow bunting’s propensity to do stopovers at a coastal site in north of Sweden during spring migration. I’ve also examined if there is a variation in arrival at said site between the years during spring migration. To make this study possible I’ve captured snow buntings at Umedeltat field station during spring 2018 and combined my data with data from 2017 as well as data from 2012. I found no significant correlation with either wind speed, temperature nor precipitation and captured birds. I suggest that a longer study that takes into account more abiotic factors and examines the roles of spatial and temporal patterns during migration of snow buntings needs to be conducted. As the climatic conditions are changing in western Europe it is of importance to monitor how birds are influenced by weather, especially an Arctic-breeding bird, as the climate change is presumed to be greater in those regions.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants with two or more aromatic rings and originating from different emission sources. They are extremely toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic to human, animals and plants. Consequently, the need to expand economical and practical remediation technologies for PAH contaminated sites is evident. In this study, the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on degradation of PAH was studied. The degradation was studied on the key model PAH (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) in J. Arthur Bower’s top soil. The hypothesis for this study was that roadside soil would contain PAH degrading bacteria; pH would influence the microbial degradation of PAH, chemical oxidation of PAH would be as efficient as microbial breakdown of PAH and mobilising agents, would move PAH throughout soil, potentially making the PAH more available for biodegradation. The greatest degradations were found for the lowest molecular weight PAH, phenanthrene and anthracene; whilst lowest degradation was observed for higher molecular weight PAH, fluoranthene and pyrene. Twelve bacteria genera were isolated and identified by biochemical and molecular techniques from the roadside soil with the four PAHs as the sole carbon source. However, potentially new PAH biodegrader bacteria species and a novel were found in this study, which was not reported in the literature. The effect of pH between 5.0 and 8.0 at half pH intervals on biodegradation of the four PAHs and on bacterial populations in the soil over 32 days was monitored. The greatest population of bacteria and greatest biodegradation for the four PAHs was found at pH of 7.5. It is likely that the general increase in population was also linked with greater metabolic activities of bacteria at basic pHs which assists pollutant biodegradation. Although there is high pollutant mobility at low pHs, the biodegradation was limited due to reduced microbial activity. High pHs resulted in greater PAH biodegradation suggesting that pH manipulation by liming may be an effective way of stimulating biodegradation of PAH. The effect of potassium permanganate on oxidation of the four PAHs in the soil was examined. Studies in this thesis, indicated that potassium permanganate had a significant (p<0.05) effect on oxidation of the four PAHs at pH 7.5 over 35 days. However in comparison to biodegradation, chemical oxidation has significantly (p<0.05) less effect. Finally, the effect of Tween 20 only on translocation and biodegradation of the four PAHs at pH 7.5 over 35 days was examined. Studies indicated that Tween 20 had significantly (p<0.05) enhanced translocation of the four PAHs in the sterile soil. Moreover, the greatest biodegradation was found in the soil inoculated with only the roadside soil microorganisms but without Tween 20. This suggested that Tween 20 had a significant (p<0.05) inhibitory effect on the roadside soil microorganisms and therefore less microorganism were grown in the soil containing Tween 20. This indicated that Tween 20 was translocated PAH, but inhibited breakdown. This study indicated microbial biodegradation was the most effective technique for removing of the PAH from contaminated soil, which was cost effective and easier to perform in comparison to the other two techniques. Microbial biodegradation could be improved by adjusting pH through liming if soil was acid.

In recent decades, most countries of the world have experienced a shortage of water and increase its rate of consumption. Today, every country in the world are interested in this problem by trying to find alternatives to address this shortage. One solution is reuse greywater (GW) for irrigation after treatment. GW is all water generated from Household except toilet water. The risks associated with the reuse of these waters are the presence of pathogens that can infect humans, animals and plants. In this thesis focused on studying treatment by slow sand filtration and the survival of representatives of pathogens, such as E. Coli, P. aeruginosa , E. Faecalis and Bacteriophage MS2 which could be found in the greywater. The study factors was a physico-chemicals factors such as; temperature (6±2,23±2,42±2°c), salinity (1.75 and 3.5% Nacl), oxygen (aerobic and anaerobic condition), nutrient ( rich media , 50%: 50% salt and poor media ), light with photocatalysis ( UV and Visible lights) and slow sand filter (Egyptian desert sand and swimming pool sand). A combination of high temperature, sunlight and photocatlysis are mainly responsible for the rapid decline of bacteria and MS2 coliphage. Slow sand filter have clearly less influence on the survival of bacteria in the greywater, but it effective to decline turbidity and COD for short times.

Com o objetivo de compreender quais fatores abióticos determinam a ocorrência das diferentes formações florestais na região de Batatais, entre as coordenadas 20038S e 20058S e 47037W e 47028W, foram escolhidas três propriedades agrícolas (Fazenda Monte Belo, em Restinga, SP e Fazenda Magnólia e Sítio Pratinha, em Batatais, SP), que apresentavam remanescentes florestais representativos da região (floresta ribeirinha paludícula, floresta estacional semidecídua ribeirinha e cerradão). Para descrever a composição florística e a estrutura da comunidade arbórea foram amostradas 05 parcelas de 10 x 10 m ao redor de cada estação tensiométrica. Para o estudo dos fatores abióticos foram determinados os parâmetros físicos e químicos dos solos e as curvas de retenção de água nos solos e piezometria. A discriminação das variáveis abióticas e de vegetação foi feita através da análise de componentes principais (PCA) e, na correlação entre a abundância de espécies e fatores abióticos, foram feitas análises diretas de gradiente por meio de Análise de Correlação Canônica (CCA). A textura dos solos (teores de argila, silte e areia) e a posição no terreno (cota), foram as variáveis ambientais mais importantes na distribuição das espécies e nas variações das fisionomias florestais, com influência na retenção hídrica e nos índices de fertilidade dos solos. Essas diferenças nos teores de argila em profundidade ao longo do declive, com influência direta na retenção de umidade dos solos ou mesmo na formação de ambientes paludículos, determinaram grupos distintos de espécies e fisionomias florestais: (i) um grupo de espécies de ocorrência típica nas fisionomias de Cerrado e fortemente associado às cotas mais elevadas (solos menos férteis, bem drenados e porcentagens mais baixas de argila e silte nas camadas mais profundas), entre as quais: Matayba juglandifolia, Trichilia pallida, Lithraea molleoides, Anadenanthera falcata, Myrcia tomentosa, Copaifera langsdorffii, Erytrhoxylum pelleteranum, Platipodium elegans, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Luehea divaricata, entre outras e (ii) um grupo com espécies indicadoras de Florestas Paludículas ou de ocorrência comum nestas fisionomias, associado aos solos das cotas mais baixas (Gleissolos), com porcentagens altas de argila e silte nas camadas superficiais, mais férteis e maior retenção hídrica: Cecropia pachystachya, Citronella gongonha, Rapanea guianensis, Talauma ovata e Tapirira guianensis. Pode-se considerar um terceiro grupo de transição entre Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e Cerradão, nas cotas intermediárias e menos úmidas (espécies amostradas em parcelas localizadas nas bordas das Florestas Paludículas), onde ocorreram espécies tanto de ambiente de Cerradão, como de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, e algumas poucas de ambiente paludículo. As porcentagens mais elevadas de Areia nos solos do Sítio Pratinha, com influência na menor retenção hídrica e também nos índices de fertilidade (solos álicos, com maior acidez e os menos férteis), podem explicar algumas diferenças na composição e abundância das espécies entre fisionomias florestais iguais. O Cerradão da Fazenda Monte Belo, mostrou-se diferente floristicamente do Cerradão do Sítio Pratinha. Esta mesma diferença ocorreu em relação às Florestas Paludículas da Fazenda Magnólia e a do Sítio Pratinha. As poucasespécies de ocorrência comum tiveram populações diferentes. A CCA evidenciou também correlações de algumas espécies com determinadas variáveis de solo. / In order to understand what abiotic factors determine the occurrence of different forest formations in the region of Batatais, coordinated between 20038\'S and 20058\'S and 47037\'W and 47028\'W, three agricultural properties were chosen (Monte Belo, in the city of Restinga, SP and Magnolia and Pratinha in Batatais, SP, Brazil), which had forests representative of the region (swamp forest, semi-deciduous riverine forest and forested savanna). To describe the floristic composition and structure of the arboreal community, 05 plots of 10 x 10 meters around each tensiometric station were sampled. For the study of abiotic factors, the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils, the soil-water-retention curves and the groundwater fluctuation were determined. The discrimination of the environmental variables and arboreal species were made through the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and in the correlation between the abundance of species and abiotic factors, direct analyses of gradient through Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were made. The texture of the soil (levels of clay, silt and sand) and the position on the ground (altitude) were the most important environmental variables in the distribution of species and variations of forest physiognomies, with influence in the retention rates of water and soil fertility. These differences in levels of clay in depth along the slope, with direct influence on the retention of soil moisture and even in the development of swampy environment, determined distinct groups of species and forest physiognomies: (i) a group of species of typical occurrence in physiognomies of Forested Savanna and strongly associated with higher altitude (less fertile, well-drained soil and lower percentages of clay and silt in the deeper layers), including: Matayba juglandifolia, Trichilia pallida, Lithraea molleoides, Anadenanthera falcata, Myrcia tomentosa, Copaifera langsdorffii, Erytrhoxylum pelleteranum, Platipodium elegans, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Luehea divaricata, among others, and (ii) a group with indicator species of Swamp Forests or common occurrence in these physiognomies, associated with lower altitude (Gleisoil), with high percentages of clay and silt in the upper and more fertile layers, and greater water retention: Cecropia pachystachya, Citronella gongonha, Rapanea guianensis, Talauma ovata and Tapirira guianensis. A third group of transition between Semi-deciduous Forest and Forested Savanna, in intermediate altitude and soils less humid (species sampled in plots located at the edges of Swamp Forests), occurred both in the Forested Savanna and in Semi-deciduous Forest and a few in swampy environment. The highest percentages of sand in the soil of Pratinha, with less influence on water retention and also on the rates of fertility (alic soils, with greater acidity and less fertile), may explain some differences in the composition and abundance of species of forest physiognomies equal. The forested Savanna of Monte Belo, has proved floristically different from the Forested Savanna of Pratinha. This same difference occurred in swamp forests of Magnolia and Pratinha. The few species of common occurrence had differentpopulations. The CCA also revealed correlations of some species with certain variables of soil.

Esta pesquisa teve como o objetivo estudar a influência da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar (UR) nos aspectos biológicos da mosca-minadora, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880), em feijão caupi [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)], para fornecer subsídios a futuros projetos de controle biológico desta praga. Verificou-se uma relação inversa entre a duração de desenvolvimento e o aumento da temperatura na faixa de 15 a 32°C. A viabilidade larval não foi afetada na faixa térmica estudada, enquanto a 32°C houve uma alta mortalidade da fase de pupa. O limiar térmico inferior de desenvolvimento obtido para o período ovo-adulto foi baixo (7,3°C), se comparado a outras espécies de Liriomyza, sendo bastante reduzido para a fase larval (3,4°C). De acordo com as exigências térmicas constatadas para L. trifolii, foi possível estimar a ocorrência de 24,5 gerações anuais em região produtora de melão no RN, sendo que apenas durante a safra da cultura, a praga pode dar 14,8 gerações. A longevidade dos adultos decresceu com a elevação térmica, sendo sempre maior para as fêmeas, independente da temperatura. Os períodos de pré-oviposição e oviposição também foram reduzidos com o aumento da temperatura. A fecundidade foi similar na faixa de 18 a 30°C, sendo reduzida a 32°C e o padrão da taxa de oviposição modificado em função da temperatura. A UR não afetou a duração dos estágios imaturos, embora tenha influenciado a viabilidade. A longevidade das fêmeas foi afetada pela UR, que viveram mais do que os machos em todas as condições estudadas. Independente da temperatura e da UR, L. trifolii colocou entre 83 - 87% dos ovos na face adaxial da folha de feijão caupi. A análise de agrupamento (\"cluster analyses\") permitiu definir que as temperaturas mais adequadas ao desenvolvimento do inseto são as de 28 e 30°C, sendo que a UR mais adequada foi a de 50%. A pesquisa permitiu que se esquematizasse um sistema de produção de L. trifolii, com base nas exigências térmicas e da UR das diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, para produção de inimigos naturais da praga ou de outras alternativas de controle. / This research was aimed at studying the influence of temperature and relative air humidity (RH) on biological aspects of the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880) in cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)], to provide essential information for future biological control projects against this pest. An inverse relation was observed between development duration and temperature increase in the range from 15 to 32°C. Larval viability was not affected in the temperature range studied, while a high mortality of the pupal stage was observed at 32°C. The lower developmental temperature threshold obtained for the egg-adult period was low (7.3°C) when compared with other species of Liriomyza, and was rather low for the larval stage (3.4°C). Based on the thermal requirements verified for L. trifolii, it was possible to estimate the occurrence of 24.5 annual generations at a melon producing region in RN, Brazil. During the melon cropping season alone, the pest can produce 14.8 generations. Adult longevity decreased as temperature increased, and was always higher for females, regardless of temperature. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods also decreased as temperature increased. Fecundity was similar in the range from 18 to 30°C, but decreased at 32°C; the oviposition rate pattern changed as a function of temperature. RH did not affect duration of the immature stages, although it had an influence on viability. Female longevity was affected by RH, since females lived longer than males under all conditions studied. Regardless of temperature and RH, L. trifolii laid between 83 - 87% of its eggs on the adaxial surface of the cowpea leaves. By cluster analysis it was defined that the most suitable temperatures for development of this insect are 28 and 30°C, while the most suitable RH was 50%. This research allowed a production system to be devised for L. trifolii, based on the temperature and RH requirements for its various stages of development, aimed at the production of natural enemies of the pest or other control alternatives.

Com o objetivo de compreender quais fatores abióticos determinam a ocorrência das diferentes formações florestais na região de Batatais, entre as coordenadas 20038S e 20058S e 47037W e 47028W, foram escolhidas três propriedades agrícolas (Fazenda Monte Belo, em Restinga, SP e Fazenda Magnólia e Sítio Pratinha, em Batatais, SP), que apresentavam remanescentes florestais representativos da região (floresta ribeirinha paludícula, floresta estacional semidecídua ribeirinha e cerradão). Para descrever a composição florística e a estrutura da comunidade arbórea foram amostradas 05 parcelas de 10 x 10 m ao redor de cada estação tensiométrica. Para o estudo dos fatores abióticos foram determinados os parâmetros físicos e químicos dos solos e as curvas de retenção de água nos solos e piezometria. A discriminação das variáveis abióticas e de vegetação foi feita através da análise de componentes principais (PCA) e, na correlação entre a abundância de espécies e fatores abióticos, foram feitas análises diretas de gradiente por meio de Análise de Correlação Canônica (CCA). A textura dos solos (teores de argila, silte e areia) e a posição no terreno (cota), foram as variáveis ambientais mais importantes na distribuição das espécies e nas variações das fisionomias florestais, com influência na retenção hídrica e nos índices de fertilidade dos solos. Essas diferenças nos teores de argila em profundidade ao longo do declive, com influência direta na retenção de umidade dos solos ou mesmo na formação de ambientes paludículos, determinaram grupos distintos de espécies e fisionomias florestais: (i) um grupo de espécies de ocorrência típica nas fisionomias de Cerrado e fortemente associado às cotas mais elevadas (solos menos férteis, bem drenados e porcentagens mais baixas de argila e silte nas camadas mais profundas), entre as quais: Matayba juglandifolia, Trichilia pallida, Lithraea molleoides, Anadenanthera falcata, Myrcia tomentosa, Copaifera langsdorffii, Erytrhoxylum pelleteranum, Platipodium elegans, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Luehea divaricata, entre outras e (ii) um grupo com espécies indicadoras de Florestas Paludículas ou de ocorrência comum nestas fisionomias, associado aos solos das cotas mais baixas (Gleissolos), com porcentagens altas de argila e silte nas camadas superficiais, mais férteis e maior retenção hídrica: Cecropia pachystachya, Citronella gongonha, Rapanea guianensis, Talauma ovata e Tapirira guianensis. Pode-se considerar um terceiro grupo de transição entre Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e Cerradão, nas cotas intermediárias e menos úmidas (espécies amostradas em parcelas localizadas nas bordas das Florestas Paludículas), onde ocorreram espécies tanto de ambiente de Cerradão, como de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, e algumas poucas de ambiente paludículo. As porcentagens mais elevadas de Areia nos solos do Sítio Pratinha, com influência na menor retenção hídrica e também nos índices de fertilidade (solos álicos, com maior acidez e os menos férteis), podem explicar algumas diferenças na composição e abundância das espécies entre fisionomias florestais iguais. O Cerradão da Fazenda Monte Belo, mostrou-se diferente floristicamente do Cerradão do Sítio Pratinha. Esta mesma diferença ocorreu em relação às Florestas Paludículas da Fazenda Magnólia e a do Sítio Pratinha. As poucasespécies de ocorrência comum tiveram populações diferentes. A CCA evidenciou também correlações de algumas espécies com determinadas variáveis de solo. / In order to understand what abiotic factors determine the occurrence of different forest formations in the region of Batatais, coordinated between 20038\'S and 20058\'S and 47037\'W and 47028\'W, three agricultural properties were chosen (Monte Belo, in the city of Restinga, SP and Magnolia and Pratinha in Batatais, SP, Brazil), which had forests representative of the region (swamp forest, semi-deciduous riverine forest and forested savanna). To describe the floristic composition and structure of the arboreal community, 05 plots of 10 x 10 meters around each tensiometric station were sampled. For the study of abiotic factors, the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils, the soil-water-retention curves and the groundwater fluctuation were determined. The discrimination of the environmental variables and arboreal species were made through the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and in the correlation between the abundance of species and abiotic factors, direct analyses of gradient through Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were made. The texture of the soil (levels of clay, silt and sand) and the position on the ground (altitude) were the most important environmental variables in the distribution of species and variations of forest physiognomies, with influence in the retention rates of water and soil fertility. These differences in levels of clay in depth along the slope, with direct influence on the retention of soil moisture and even in the development of swampy environment, determined distinct groups of species and forest physiognomies: (i) a group of species of typical occurrence in physiognomies of Forested Savanna and strongly associated with higher altitude (less fertile, well-drained soil and lower percentages of clay and silt in the deeper layers), including: Matayba juglandifolia, Trichilia pallida, Lithraea molleoides, Anadenanthera falcata, Myrcia tomentosa, Copaifera langsdorffii, Erytrhoxylum pelleteranum, Platipodium elegans, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Luehea divaricata, among others, and (ii) a group with indicator species of Swamp Forests or common occurrence in these physiognomies, associated with lower altitude (Gleisoil), with high percentages of clay and silt in the upper and more fertile layers, and greater water retention: Cecropia pachystachya, Citronella gongonha, Rapanea guianensis, Talauma ovata and Tapirira guianensis. A third group of transition between Semi-deciduous Forest and Forested Savanna, in intermediate altitude and soils less humid (species sampled in plots located at the edges of Swamp Forests), occurred both in the Forested Savanna and in Semi-deciduous Forest and a few in swampy environment. The highest percentages of sand in the soil of Pratinha, with less influence on water retention and also on the rates of fertility (alic soils, with greater acidity and less fertile), may explain some differences in the composition and abundance of species of forest physiognomies equal. The forested Savanna of Monte Belo, has proved floristically different from the Forested Savanna of Pratinha. This same difference occurred in swamp forests of Magnolia and Pratinha. The few species of common occurrence had differentpopulations. The CCA also revealed correlations of some species with certain variables of soil.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a germinaÃÃo de sementes e o estabelecimento de plÃntulas de Libidibia ferrea em funÃÃo do peso de semente, temperatura e luz. As sementes de L. ferrea foram separadas em trÃs classes de peso (leves, mÃdias e pesadas) e foram realizados em laboratÃrio os bioensaios de temperatura e luz, alÃm do experimento de sombreamento em casa de vegetaÃÃo. Para o experimento em laboratÃrio, o crescimento da parte aÃrea de plÃntulas apresentou melhor desempenho sob a ausÃncia de luz e se desenvolveu melhor à temperatura de 25 e 30ÂC, enquanto a raiz se desenvolveu melhor apenas sob 30ÂC. Para o sombreamento, sementes mÃdias e sementes pesadas apresentaram plÃntulas mais vigorosas sob sombreamento de 50% e 70%. Conclui-se que as sementes pesadas (> 0,12 g) apresentam melhor desempenho germinativo e produzem plÃntulas mais vigorosas. / The aim of this work was to study the seed germination and seedling establishment of Libidibia ferrea depending on the seed weight, temperature and light. Seeds of L. ferrea were classified into three weight classes (light, medium and heavy) and were carried out temperature and light bioassay in laboratory, beyond the shading experiment in greenhouse. For the laboratory experiment, the shoot growth of seedlings showed better performance in the absence of light and it is best developed at 25 and 30ÂC, while the root has just developed better under 30ÂC. Medium and heavy seeds showed more vigorous seedlings under 50% and 70% shade. It was concluded that the heavy seeds (> 0.12 g) have better germination performance and produced more vigorous seedlings.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-02T13:22:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Danielly Lucena - Dissertação- PPGBV - 2016.pdf: 2752132 bytes, checksum: cf03071cfad4402b388e0792b1b6f4a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-02T13:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Danielly Lucena - Dissertação- PPGBV - 2016.pdf: 2752132 bytes, checksum: cf03071cfad4402b388e0792b1b6f4a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / CAPES / O presente trabalho objetivou reconhecer a composição florística e o espectro biológico das espécies trepadeiras ocorrentes em dois afloramentos rochosos no estado de Pernambuco, assim como, analisar a composição florística e síndromes de dispersão, e determinar a influência de fatores abióticos na riqueza de trepadeiras em afloramentos rochosos inseridos em diferentes formações vegetacionais do Nordeste oriental do Brasil. Foi realizado o levantamento florístico do hábito trepador em dois afloramentos rochosos do estado de Pernambuco, nos municípios de Bezerros (Pedra do Cruzeiro) e Triunfo (Pico do Papagaio), através de coletas botânicas períodicas em cada área. Os dados para reconhecimento da composição e similaridade florística, assim como, avaliação da influência de fatores abióticos na riqueza de espécies, foram obtidos de inventários florísticos previamente publicados e referentes a 15 áreas de afloramentos rochosos, localizados nos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco. Com base nos dados dos dois afloramentos inventariados foram identificadas 58 espécies, 39 gêneros e 20 famílias botânicas. O espectro biológico predominante foi o fanerófito (80%). Dentre as espécies, 62% são amplamente distribuídas e ocorrem nos três domínios fitogeográficos do Nordeste (Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica). A composição florística das 15 áreas de afloramentos rochosos avaliadas foi de 147 espécies, distribuídas em 67 gêneros e 25 famílias botânicas. Neles a autocoria foi a síndrome de dispersão com maior destaque entre as espécies (44%). Três grupos florísticos foram identificados e dentre os fatores analisados, distância geográfica e tipos de vegetação circundante são os principais responsáveis pela composição florística e agrupamento entre as áreas. A riqueza de espécies apresentou correlação positiva com altitude e negativa com a distância da costa e temperatura, a riqueza de trepadeiras herbáceas apresentou correlação negativa com a precipitação, enquanto a riqueza de trepadeiras lenhosas se manteve constante com a precipitação. As espécies identificadas, apesar de amplamente distribuídas, respondem a um padrão florístico de acordo com os tipos vegetacionais onde os afloramentos rochosos estão inseridos. / This study aimed to recognize the floristic composition and biological spectrum of species of climbing plants occurring in two rock outcrops in the state of Pernambuco, as well as analyze the floristic composition and dispersal syndromes, and determine the influence of abiotic factors on the richness of climbers on rock outcrops inserted in different vegetation formations of the eastern portion of the Brazilian Northeast. The floristic survey of climbers was carried out on two rock outcrops of Pernambuco state, in the municipalities of Bezerros (Pedra do Cruzeiro) and Triunfo (Pico do Papagaio), through periodic botanical collections in each area. Data for recognition of the floristic composition and similarity, as well as for the evaluation of the influence of abiotic factors on species richness, were obtained from previously published floristic inventories relating to 15 areas of rock outcrops, located in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco. Based on data from the two outcrops inventoried 58 species were identified, belonging to 39 genera and 20 botanical families. The predominant biological spectrum was phanerophyte (80%). Among the species, 62% are widely distributed and occur in the three phytogeographical domains occurring in the Northeast (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest). The floristic composition of the 15 areas of rock outcrops evaluated included 147 species belonging to 67 genera and 25 botanical families. Autochory was the predominant dispersal syndrome among species (44%). Three floristic groups were identified and among the factors analyzed, geographic distance and types of surrounding vegetation are primarily responsible for the floristic composition and grouping among the areas. Species richness was positively correlated with altitude and negatively with distance from shore and temperature, the richness of herbaceous vines was negatively correlated with precipitation, while the richness of woody vines remained constant with precipitation. The species identified, although widely distributed, respond to a floristic pattern according to the vegetation types where the rock outcrops are located.

Esta pesquisa teve como o objetivo estudar a influência da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar (UR) nos aspectos biológicos da mosca-minadora, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880), em feijão caupi [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)], para fornecer subsídios a futuros projetos de controle biológico desta praga. Verificou-se uma relação inversa entre a duração de desenvolvimento e o aumento da temperatura na faixa de 15 a 32°C. A viabilidade larval não foi afetada na faixa térmica estudada, enquanto a 32°C houve uma alta mortalidade da fase de pupa. O limiar térmico inferior de desenvolvimento obtido para o período ovo-adulto foi baixo (7,3°C), se comparado a outras espécies de Liriomyza, sendo bastante reduzido para a fase larval (3,4°C). De acordo com as exigências térmicas constatadas para L. trifolii, foi possível estimar a ocorrência de 24,5 gerações anuais em região produtora de melão no RN, sendo que apenas durante a safra da cultura, a praga pode dar 14,8 gerações. A longevidade dos adultos decresceu com a elevação térmica, sendo sempre maior para as fêmeas, independente da temperatura. Os períodos de pré-oviposição e oviposição também foram reduzidos com o aumento da temperatura. A fecundidade foi similar na faixa de 18 a 30°C, sendo reduzida a 32°C e o padrão da taxa de oviposição modificado em função da temperatura. A UR não afetou a duração dos estágios imaturos, embora tenha influenciado a viabilidade. A longevidade das fêmeas foi afetada pela UR, que viveram mais do que os machos em todas as condições estudadas. Independente da temperatura e da UR, L. trifolii colocou entre 83 - 87% dos ovos na face adaxial da folha de feijão caupi. A análise de agrupamento (\"cluster analyses\") permitiu definir que as temperaturas mais adequadas ao desenvolvimento do inseto são as de 28 e 30°C, sendo que a UR mais adequada foi a de 50%. A pesquisa permitiu que se esquematizasse um sistema de produção de L. trifolii, com base nas exigências térmicas e da UR das diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, para produção de inimigos naturais da praga ou de outras alternativas de controle. / This research was aimed at studying the influence of temperature and relative air humidity (RH) on biological aspects of the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess, 1880) in cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)], to provide essential information for future biological control projects against this pest. An inverse relation was observed between development duration and temperature increase in the range from 15 to 32°C. Larval viability was not affected in the temperature range studied, while a high mortality of the pupal stage was observed at 32°C. The lower developmental temperature threshold obtained for the egg-adult period was low (7.3°C) when compared with other species of Liriomyza, and was rather low for the larval stage (3.4°C). Based on the thermal requirements verified for L. trifolii, it was possible to estimate the occurrence of 24.5 annual generations at a melon producing region in RN, Brazil. During the melon cropping season alone, the pest can produce 14.8 generations. Adult longevity decreased as temperature increased, and was always higher for females, regardless of temperature. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods also decreased as temperature increased. Fecundity was similar in the range from 18 to 30°C, but decreased at 32°C; the oviposition rate pattern changed as a function of temperature. RH did not affect duration of the immature stages, although it had an influence on viability. Female longevity was affected by RH, since females lived longer than males under all conditions studied. Regardless of temperature and RH, L. trifolii laid between 83 - 87% of its eggs on the adaxial surface of the cowpea leaves. By cluster analysis it was defined that the most suitable temperatures for development of this insect are 28 and 30°C, while the most suitable RH was 50%. This research allowed a production system to be devised for L. trifolii, based on the temperature and RH requirements for its various stages of development, aimed at the production of natural enemies of the pest or other control alternatives.