Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to family disruption/father absence (due to parental relationship dissolution) is a significant risk factor for early pubertal development in daughters. Moreover, the earlier in life that this exposure occurs, the greater the risk of these outcomes for girls. Two opposing classes of explanation have been proposed for this reliable finding. First, evolutionary-based developmental experience models have proposed that father absence may actually cause early pubertal development in daughters through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Second, this association may arise from either a genetic or a family-wide environmental confound. To discriminate between these two competing classes of explanation (i.e., causal vs. noncausal), a retrospective study employing a community sample of full biological sister pairs was conducted in New Zealand. This study examined menarchael age in (a) a primary group comprising age-discrepant biologically disrupted/father absent sister pairs (n = 68), and (b) a matched control group comprising age-discrepant biologically intact/father present sister pairs (n = 93). According to the causation model, if greater exposure to family disruption/father absence causes earlier pubertal development in girls, then in families in which (a) full biological sisters are discrepant in age, and (b) the younger sister has experienced more prolonged father absence than has her older sister, younger sisters should be at greater risk for earlier pubertal development. By contrast, if a genetic or family-wide environmental confound explains this association, full biological sisters should not systematically differ in pubertal timing as a function of birth order, even if they have experienced different amounts of father absence. The unique contribution of the current study to this area of inquiry is its employment of a differential sibling exposure design to test the explanatory value of the two opposing classes of explanation (i.e., causal versus noncausal). This genetically and environmentally controlled sibling design was utilised (a) to test the central hypothesis that the birth order/age discrepancy (older versus younger) between sisters would interact with family type (biologically disrupted vs. biologically intact) to predict the size of sibling differences in menarcheal age, and (b) to test for potential moderating effects of paternal dysfunction. Consistent with evolutionary causal models, the current sibling comparison study revealed that within biologically disrupted/father-absent families, younger sisters (who had more prolonged exposure to father absence) had earlier menarcheal ages than did their older sisters. The current study was therefore not only able to distinguish between the two competing classes of explanations, but its findings plausibly supported a causal rather than a noncausal explanation for the association between father absence and earlier pubertal timing in girls. Moreover, it revealed that this association is more nuanced than previously thought, because the accelerating effect of family disruption/father absence on daughters’ menarcheal timing was moderated by fathers’ functioning in the family. The current study has eight important limitations that can be used to direct future research. These limitations are detailed along with proffered suggestions (where applicable) for addressing them in future studies. Possible mediating mechanisms for the earlier menarcheal timing found in daughters from biologically disrupted/father absent families are also proposed. Finally, the implications of the current study’s findings for both parents and daughters in biologically disrupted/father absent families are discussed.

No description available.

The overall aim of the thesis is to explore the negative life experience of left-behind children in a dynamic and integrated perspective taking left-behind children, their guardians, parents, school and other social communities into consideration. It explores the current situation of some left-behind children in China, and discusses the causes and negative effects on children‟s comprehensive development. A qualitative research method has been used because of the in-depth outcome accessible through face-to-face interview. Three left-behind children in different family compositions and one teacher were interviewed. The outcome of this study is discussed in multiple dimensions to explore consequences of left-behind children in China. The results suggest that parents’ migration can lead to more serious problems for the children than expected. The management of left-behind children requires concerted efforts from various social systems, not only parents, schools, children welfare center, and the whole nation, otherwise it would worsen deteriorated social issues.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

The Visible and the Invisible: Connecting Presence and Absence Through Art, Memory, Mortality and the Body investigates the role that art objects and images used in installation practice have in linking the past to the present. The project's creative and theoretical research speculatively explore and interpret the potential that such objects--in my art practice and in the work of a range of noted visual artists--have in evoking ideas, memories or physical ties that are not readily apparent. The studio and theoretical research examines how a range of visual mechanisms in installation practice can evoke (in present time) past events and experiences previously absent. In the research, memory is revealed as having the capacity to transform the ordinary into the extraordinary, acting as a powerful catalyst that connects a viewer's awareness of a past experience to the visible objects experienced through a visual installation.

Masters of Philosophy / In today's society, the misdiagnosis of school-age children with the neurological condition Child Absence Epilepsy (CAE) as having Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a low profile. This may be because of the lack of popular awareness of CAE. The increasing social salience towards the neuropsychological condition of ADHD places these children at risk of experiencing high psychosocial effects. Many symptoms of CAE are also associated with ADHD. However if the condition is misdiagnosed as ADHD, the child with CAE is often mistreated, both medically and socially until the correct diagnosis is made. There is little research available on the psychosocial effects of the misdiagnosis of epilepsy as ADHD, and none available relating to CAE. This research study uses case study methodology to focus on how children with CAE are psychosocially affected at the time of the misdiagnosis of ADHD and subsequently. It also explores the experiences of their parents. An in-depth interview method was adopted to gather the personal recollections of these effects directly from the ten participants in this study. The participants were found with the assistance of Epilepsy Australia and constituted one adolescent from five different families who had experienced the sequence of events and effects under investigation, and a parent (guardian) who cared for these children during this period. The findings of this research indicate that as a result of labelling, these children were misjudged in their communities, leaving strong psychosocial effects on each of the child participants who had previously been misdiagnosed with ADHD. These effects include low self-esteem, insecurity and fear experienced most often in the company of peers. As a result, when reaching adulthood, most of these participants chose to isolate themselves from social contact whenever possible. The findings offer a basis for further research in the area.

This art project explores issues of unoccupied space. In particular, the project concerns itself with temporal aspects of site and issues of past, present and potential usage. This space, otherwise inert, invites activation by the spectator's psychological projections. This projected occupation calls on redolence of the past, memory and a sense of the utility of the site.Based on imagery evidence and personal remembered experience, the spectator provides context forthis site. The project uses the painting process to open up areas of sensibility around personal and remembered experience.The thesis is constituted as practice-based work, 80%, accompanied by an exegesis, 20%.

Masters of Philosophy / In today's society, the misdiagnosis of school-age children with the neurological condition Child Absence Epilepsy (CAE) as having Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a low profile. This may be because of the lack of popular awareness of CAE. The increasing social salience towards the neuropsychological condition of ADHD places these children at risk of experiencing high psychosocial effects. Many symptoms of CAE are also associated with ADHD. However if the condition is misdiagnosed as ADHD, the child with CAE is often mistreated, both medically and socially until the correct diagnosis is made. There is little research available on the psychosocial effects of the misdiagnosis of epilepsy as ADHD, and none available relating to CAE. This research study uses case study methodology to focus on how children with CAE are psychosocially affected at the time of the misdiagnosis of ADHD and subsequently. It also explores the experiences of their parents. An in-depth interview method was adopted to gather the personal recollections of these effects directly from the ten participants in this study. The participants were found with the assistance of Epilepsy Australia and constituted one adolescent from five different families who had experienced the sequence of events and effects under investigation, and a parent (guardian) who cared for these children during this period. The findings of this research indicate that as a result of labelling, these children were misjudged in their communities, leaving strong psychosocial effects on each of the child participants who had previously been misdiagnosed with ADHD. These effects include low self-esteem, insecurity and fear experienced most often in the company of peers. As a result, when reaching adulthood, most of these participants chose to isolate themselves from social contact whenever possible. The findings offer a basis for further research in the area.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Submitted by Marina Bariani Trava (1316869@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-01-19T18:48:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - Marina Bariani Trava.pdf: 1405403 bytes, checksum: 90d4927f8b7b98403fbbd2937e105910 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Aparecida Matias null (alinematias@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-01-22T10:25:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 trava_mb_me_arafcl.pdf: 1405403 bytes, checksum: 90d4927f8b7b98403fbbd2937e105910 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T10:25:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 trava_mb_me_arafcl.pdf: 1405403 bytes, checksum: 90d4927f8b7b98403fbbd2937e105910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho resulta da análise do tema da Ausência e seus desdobramentos na poesia de Cecília Meireles, a partir da hipótese de que a relação entre a Ausência e a Presença sustenta grande parte da poesia da autora, uma vez que a temática do tempo e de sua fugacidade assume força imperiosa em sua lírica, tornando-se mesmo a “grande força-motriz do verso ceciliano” (COELHO, 1964, p. 13). Procurou-se investigar, em alguns poemas, tirados de vários livros da autora, as imagens nas quais a Ausência transparece ou se manifesta, e de que forma isso se dá implícita ou explicitamente. Como aporte teórico, partiu-se das premissas apresentadas pela fortuna crítica de Cecília Meireles, principalmente de Alfredo Bosi, Darcy Damasceno e Nelly Novaes Coelho, e pelos teóricos Octavio Paz e Gaston Bachelard, além das considerações filosóficas de Arthur Schopenhauer e de Søren Kierkegaard. Espera-se que o estudo pormenorizado da Ausência, a partir de uma perspectiva simbólica e filosófica, possa jogar uma nova luz sobre a produção desta autora, contribuindo para também destacar a importância de sua poesia dentro do contexto brasileiro e universal. / The present paper intends to analyze the thematic of Absence and its consequences in the poetry of Cecília Meireles. It is based on the hypothesis that the relation between Absence and Presence sustains most of the author's poetry since the thematic of time and its fugacity assumes on an imperative force in its lyrics, becoming even “the great driving force of the Cecilian verse” (COELHO, 1964, p. 13). It is intended to investigate, in the poems of some works by the author, the images in which Absence transpires or manifests itself, and in what way this is implicitly or explicitly given. As a theoretical contribution, it is based on the premises presented by the critical fortune of Cecília Meireles, especially in Alfredo Bosi, Darcy Damasceno and Nelly Novaes Coelho, and in the theoriticians Octavio Paz and Gaston Bachelard, as well as the philosophical considerations of Arthur Schopenhauer and Søren Kierkegaard. It is hoped that the detailed study of Absence, from a symbolic and philosophical perspective, may shed new light on the production of this author, highlighting the importance of her poetry within the Brazilian and universal context.