The aim of this study is to examine schoolchildren’s knowledge about malaria in Babati, Tanzania. It will also examine the impact of the disease on children’s education and if schoolchildren in Babati have the possibility to act as health change agents and be a part of combating the high malaria prevalence. The thesis is based on a qualitative method with secondary information retrieved from scientific articles and previous studies. It is also based on empirical data collected during a field study in Babati, Tanzania in 2012. Both structured and semi structured interviews were made with schoolchildren, teachers and health care personnel. The studies showed that malaria affects children’s education primarily through absence, but can also cause cognitive impairment as well as neurological damage. The interviews revealed the students to have varying knowledge about the disease and it also revealed that children only have the ability to act as health change agents if teachers with help of the government, the hospital or an NGO are willing to cooperate and provide the students with information.

¡@¡@Lewis Carroll in his Alice¡¦s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass creates in two journeys of dreams a singular space-time, in which the non-sense words, paradoxical conversations, anti-causality events, disordered time and labyrinthine space are permeated. It is, beyond doubt, a space-time of Virtual. Thus, Virtuality is the point of the thesis, and the Dream is the initial of Virtuality. The author attempts to reflect the thinking-gesture that Carroll ever develops in terms of Writing(form) and Dream (content). ¡@¡@First, Alice¡¦s story as a virtual text, demonstrates the Dream by the special language¡Xin particular Carroll¡¦s answerless riddles, the portmanteau words with meaning-implosion, and the homophones which show the displacement of sense¡Xto attack the representation of thought, allowing us to see the impotence of designation in language. Dream, functioning as the absolute difference of actuality, will not possibly be the sameness of actuality. The dream is thus not the permutation of the experience of actuality, even though they may be similar or mirrors of each other. However, this is not a representation of actuality, but a demonstration of repetition. If not, it will be mere actual, not virtual. For Carroll, Dream is a virtual field that coexists with actuality, and both virtuality and actuality should be regarded as absolute Difference, with respective reality. ¡@¡@Moreover, Alice¡¦s adventure, with its un-sequential events¡Xas the plot ¡§murdered time¡¨ in story suggests¡Xcreates a time without its chronological flowing, but a time suspended. The time is on the one hand a moment that suspensive, and is a most intensive instant on the other hand, where all the forces encounter, resonate and emit at this ultimate second. Thus, the Dream becomes a purely intensive world, and Alice is the continuum of intensities which constitutes by dynamically linked events. Plus, through the differentiating and repetition of the Dream, Alice¡¦s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass folds another book with the same title, a Double of eternal absent in actuality¡Xthe shine of virtual names by Lewis Carroll thus emerges.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Berlin--Freie Universität, 2006. / Bibliogr. p. 207-212.

This thesis explores the absence of the chalice in the Christian ritual of the Eucharisti n the thirteenth century. The absence of the chalice in the ritual indicates the absence of wine. In an interdisciplinary approach, this study integrates the historiographies of viticulture as well as of the Christian liturgy to answer the question: why did wine disappear from the Eucharist in the high Middle Ages? It is specifically focused on the northern regions of France, as this region is understudied in terms of viticulture. An exploration of the historiographies of viticulture and liturgy shows that they are segregated. Liturgical scholarship is largely theological in character. Any explanation for the absence of the chalice offered only refers to sacred trends. The historiography of viticulture is either strictly geographic and economic in character, or strictly cultural. Both strands of historiography are teleological in that they work towards the modern cultural, economic, or geographic importance of wine. By problematizing and integrating these distinct historiographies, is it possible to paint a fuller picture of the change in the Eucharist. Closely tied to the rise of towns and town culture, wine grew in expense and status. Also in this urban setting, wine became an important part of drinking culture, with a close connection to secular life. At the same time, concern for the spiritual purity of the ritual was growing. The belief in the real presence of Christ in the elements of the Eucharist was part of this growing spirituality. Wine was not only closely connected with impious lay practices, but its biblical symbolism was also ambivalent. These factors pushed the laity and the Church away from using wine in the Eucharist. At the same time, the principle of concomitance and the veneration of the host pulled people towards the use of bread in the ritual. By explaining more completely the absence of the chalice in the thirteenth century, this thesis aims to show the broader implications of this narrow doctrinal issue as well as to underscore the value of an approach that brings together separate historiographical traditions.

Although many in the contemporary academic world would avoid themes such as solitude, love, and, in the context of “francophone” literature, exile, I have decided to give these all the attention they deserve based on the importance they hold in the works themselves, and based on the depth they possess. It is thus from the perspective of the renewed light they bring on these topics that the following three works will be analysed: À vol d’ombre (1966) by Jacqueline Beaugé, Transparence en bleu d’oubli (1979) by Renée Marie-Ange Jolicœur, and La Fidélité non plus… (1986) by Yanick Jean. In order to contextualize these three works, I first provide a brief history of Haitian poetry in which particular attention is given to the contributions of women writers. This overview illustrates how Jean, Jolicœur and Beaugé use very general themes such as love and solitude, but also how they manage to set themselves apart. Indeed, their works are unparalleled in Haitian literature because they constantly play with the conventions of love poetry and redefine the notion of absence. In order to establish how every absence contains traces of presence, my analysis bases itself in part on the theories of Derrida. I also explore how, in each of the collections of poems under consideration (although for different reasons), absence stifles any possibility of contact with the other. In order to understand this problem and underscore its importance, I refer to Hegel’s conception of the relationship to the other. Based on these premises, I conclude by showing how exile is a space that is at once filled with absence and with presence, and how the staging of the act of writing, in all three works, makes poetry and absence inseparable. / Thesis (Master, French) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-26 15:50:00.063

This thesis explores the poetics of the Greek Post-Symbolists, a group of early twentieth-century poets whose main period of activity falls in the years between the Generation of the 1880s and that of the 1930s. By focussing on Post-Symbolist concepts of the role of poetry and on the way in which Post-Symbolist poems are constructed, this thesis examines the poetic system of a group of poets who occupy a transitional period in the history of Modern Greek literature. The Post-Symbolists question both the nationalism of poets of the Generation of the 1880s and their own place in society. Post-Symbolist poetry focuses on themes related to the interior landscape of the individual. It promotes negation and absence, de-emphasizes external reality, foregrounding a poetic reality created through the acoustic links between words, and it undermines the importance previously attached to metre and rhythm in poetry. In this way Post-Symbolist poetic language constitutes a reaction against the dominant poetic discourse of the time, and a turning-point in twentieth-century Greek poetry. This thesis explores both the internal structure of Post-Symbolist poetry and the relationship between Post-Symbolism on the one hand and the discourses of the Generation of the 1880s and of the Generation of the 1930s on the other, placing this in the historical, socio-political and ideological context of time.

This thesis explores the absence of the chalice in the Christian ritual of the Eucharisti n the thirteenth century. The absence of the chalice in the ritual indicates the absence of wine. In an interdisciplinary approach, this study integrates the historiographies of viticulture as well as of the Christian liturgy to answer the question: why did wine disappear from the Eucharist in the high Middle Ages? It is specifically focused on the northern regions of France, as this region is understudied in terms of viticulture. An exploration of the historiographies of viticulture and liturgy shows that they are segregated. Liturgical scholarship is largely theological in character. Any explanation for the absence of the chalice offered only refers to sacred trends. The historiography of viticulture is either strictly geographic and economic in character, or strictly cultural. Both strands of historiography are teleological in that they work towards the modern cultural, economic, or geographic importance of wine. By problematizing and integrating these distinct historiographies, is it possible to paint a fuller picture of the change in the Eucharist. Closely tied to the rise of towns and town culture, wine grew in expense and status. Also in this urban setting, wine became an important part of drinking culture, with a close connection to secular life. At the same time, concern for the spiritual purity of the ritual was growing. The belief in the real presence of Christ in the elements of the Eucharist was part of this growing spirituality. Wine was not only closely connected with impious lay practices, but its biblical symbolism was also ambivalent. These factors pushed the laity and the Church away from using wine in the Eucharist. At the same time, the principle of concomitance and the veneration of the host pulled people towards the use of bread in the ritual. By explaining more completely the absence of the chalice in the thirteenth century, this thesis aims to show the broader implications of this narrow doctrinal issue as well as to underscore the value of an approach that brings together separate historiographical traditions.

Thesis (Mtech(Business Administration)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2001 / The researcher identified an absenteeism problem at the Cape Technikon Library and sees the effect of it on a daily basis. It is a costly and disruptive problem and places unnecessary pressure on staff that are at work. From the outset, companies might not realise the cost of absenteeism until they actually measure it. Absenteeism of other staff members create various problems such as low morale, increased stress, break in team work, etc. between the staff that are at work. To reduce the absenteeism rate, certain measures and control systems should be put in place. Absenteeism can either be addressed by putting a reward system in place or making use of punishment contingencies, or using a combination of both. If staff members see that other staff members get away with excessive absenteeism, they will soon follow. Within the context of the Cape Technikon Library, a culture of absenteeism has been created and it is not easy to break that culture. This study considered possible reasons for the absenteeism as well as possible solutions. To improve productivity and cost-effectiveness, the Gross Absence Rate (GAR) should be less than 3% (Van der Merwe: 1988:25). According to Van der Merwe (1988:25) an absence rate of 10% is extremely serious and any absence rate of more than 5% should be regarded as an indicator of a situation needing further investigation. An absence rate of less than 3% can be regarded as satisfactory, although capable of furtherimprovement. On some days the absenteeism rate at the Cape Technikon Library is approximately 12%.

This thesis explores the absence of the chalice in the Christian ritual of the Eucharisti n the thirteenth century. The absence of the chalice in the ritual indicates the absence of wine. In an interdisciplinary approach, this study integrates the historiographies of viticulture as well as of the Christian liturgy to answer the question: why did wine disappear from the Eucharist in the high Middle Ages? It is specifically focused on the northern regions of France, as this region is understudied in terms of viticulture. An exploration of the historiographies of viticulture and liturgy shows that they are segregated. Liturgical scholarship is largely theological in character. Any explanation for the absence of the chalice offered only refers to sacred trends. The historiography of viticulture is either strictly geographic and economic in character, or strictly cultural. Both strands of historiography are teleological in that they work towards the modern cultural, economic, or geographic importance of wine. By problematizing and integrating these distinct historiographies, is it possible to paint a fuller picture of the change in the Eucharist. Closely tied to the rise of towns and town culture, wine grew in expense and status. Also in this urban setting, wine became an important part of drinking culture, with a close connection to secular life. At the same time, concern for the spiritual purity of the ritual was growing. The belief in the real presence of Christ in the elements of the Eucharist was part of this growing spirituality. Wine was not only closely connected with impious lay practices, but its biblical symbolism was also ambivalent. These factors pushed the laity and the Church away from using wine in the Eucharist. At the same time, the principle of concomitance and the veneration of the host pulled people towards the use of bread in the ritual. By explaining more completely the absence of the chalice in the thirteenth century, this thesis aims to show the broader implications of this narrow doctrinal issue as well as to underscore the value of an approach that brings together separate historiographical traditions. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

Absence from school is a social phenomenon that not only affects the individual's personal quality of life but foremost can be seen as social problems related to the educational system as well as to other social costs (social exclusion, public health, criminality etc). The purpose of this essay is therefore to contribute to a better understanding of school absenteeism among Swedish upper secondary students’ and assess how the current strategies of addressing school absenteeism could be improved, especially facing recent circumstances related to eg.: Covid 19. The essay tries to achieve that by interviewing Swedish teachers, who are trying to tackle the problem on an everyday basis and whose voices seem to be absent from the research related to school absenteeism. The research part of the presented essay is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews and the project-related data will be analyzed through thematic analysis and inspirations drawn on Merton’s strain theory. The study's conclusion reports how the teachers' way of working is consistent with previous research through quick action after locating patterns in absenteeism and building better relationships between the school and the students’. The novelty of the presented study, which distinguishes it from the previous research, seems to be sealed in clearly formulated by respondents, something the teachers problematize through a so-called culture of absence. The discussion reveals deficient working methods through the prevailing secrecy and new working methods that would advocate faster investigations and better dialogue with social services and parents.