According to the U.S Department of Health and Human services, each year approximately 826,000 children were the victims of abuse, and/ or neglect, which does not include other types of victimization like parental substance abuse and domestic violence within the home. Primary violence exposure (e.g., physical and sexual abuse) in childhood can result in anxiety, depression, and difficulty forming attachments. Secondary violence exposure (e.g., neglect, parental substance abuse, and domestic violence) can cause chronic stress in children and negatively impact physical, cognitive, and emotional growth. Unfortunately, examining the impact of primary and secondary victimization is complicated by the interrelatedness. This current study aims to examine the unique impact of primary and secondary violence on mental health outcomes in a sample of youths receiving residential sex offender treatment. We hypothesize that primary violence exposure will be highly associated with the number of mental health diagnoses, and use of psychotropic medications, while controlling for the impact of 2017 Appalachian Student Research Forum Page 177 secondary exposure. The sample includes male adolescents (N=245: 84.1% Caucasian) who have engaged in sexually abusive behaviors and received residential treatment. Data were collected from archival records. Participants' mean age is 14.77 (SD=14.77) at time of first admission in the facility. Additionally, participants seeking mental health treatment were, on average, 10.22 years of age (SD= 4.187) at the time of first mental health diagnosis. Variables include exposure to physical or sexual abuse, experience of neglect, the presence of domestic violence and substance abuse in the home of origin, the types of mental health diagnosis, use of psychotropic medications, and the age of onset of earliest diagnosis. First, we used partial correlations to find associations between type of violence exposure and mental health diagnoses, age of first diagnosis, and use of psychotropic medications, while extracting the influence of the alternate type of exposure. Correlations between primary violence exposure and diagnoses of mental health concerns, yielded significant associations between primary exposure and mood disorder (r=.133, p=.041) diagnoses. Also, a significant association was found between primary exposure and anxiety/trauma- related disorders (r=.160, p=. 013). Significant associations were found for both mood disorder (r=.162, p=.012) and behavioral disorder (r=.212, p=.001). Age of onset of first mental health diagnosis was not significantly correlated with primary violence exposure or secondary violence exposure. While partialing out secondary violence exposure, primary violence was associated with use of mood stabilizers (r=.127, p=.05) and antipsychotic medications (r=.146, p=.024). Secondary violence exposure was exclusively related to use of any psychotropic drugs (r=.127, p=.004), mood stabilizers or antidepressants (r=.127, p=.05), and antipsychotic medications (r=.180, p=.05). Chi-square analyses will be conducted to further differentiate these outcomes following primary and secondary violence exposure.

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In the 1985 "National Family Violence Resurvey'' conducted by Gelles & Straus (1988) one out of every six couples experienced a physical assault during 1985. At this rate, 8.7 million couples experienced at least one assault during the year. Shelter and assistance for the abused wife have been viewed as important and forthcoming. However, spouse abuse will not stop until effective treatment for men, more often the abuser, is offered. In response to the incidence of abuse in the military, services and programs for both the abusers and their wives have been developed. One treatment program for the abuser which was assessable for this study was the Prevention through Anger Control and Education (PACE) treatment program. The purpose of the research was to study the reactions and progress of abusers as they moved through the PACE treatment program. Five subjects participated in the study. Data were collected throughout the course of treatment by interviews and questionnaires which were administered to the abuser, wife, and group facilitator. A follow-up interview was conducted with the subjects one year after treatment to collect post treatment data. Quantitative data were also collected but later used only for descriptive purposes. Findings from the case study method showed that the PACE treatment program may have had limited impact on the abusers. While the outcomes were not strong, some changes in subjects' behavior, feelings, and thinking were evident. Abusers tended to respond with socially acceptable answers and behaviors during treatment. Interview with wives and the group facilitator were helpful in establishing the accuracy of these reports. Subjects reported a cessation of abuse, but it could not be ascertained whether coping strategies learned from the group had made a difference in the relationships because four of the five couples had divorced by the follow-up. However, they reported that the skills learned from the group allowed them to seek a divorce in a non-abusive manner. The abuser with the intact marriage did report utilizing several of the newly learned coping strategies. The abusers did report that the skills learned from the program helped them handle stress: better, decrease their propensity to provocation in other situations, and expected them to help in future relationships. / Ed. D.

[pt] Este estudo buscou examinar as associações da liderança transformacional e da liderança abusiva com o engajamento dos funcionários em uma confecção no Rio de Janeiro. O estudo também explora antecedentes das percepções sobre as líderes, considerando a sua presença afetiva (positiva e negativa) nos julgamentos dos seus liderados. Para testar as hipóteses, foi aplicada a regressão multivariada a uma base de dados levantada através de survey aplicada a 583 costureiras. Os resultados sugerem que uma liderança mais transformacional e menos abusiva está associada com maior engajamento de colaboradores, e que esses estilos de liderança estão associados à presença afetiva do líder, mais positiva ou negativa, respectivamente. / [en] This study sought to examine the associations of transformational leadership and abusive leadership with engagement of employees in a clothing factory in Rio de Janeiro. The study also explores antecedents of perceptions about women leaders, considering their affective presence (positive and negative) in the judgments of their followers. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression was applied to a database collected through a survey applied to 503. The results suggest that more transformational and less abusive leadership is associated with greater employee engagement, and that these leadership styles are associated with the leader s affective presence, which is more positive or negative, respectively.

Researchers have shown that certain demographic variables and parenting strategies can predict the degree of potential for child abuse that a mother may experience with her children. The major objective of this study was to determine the specific characteristics and traits that identify mothers who have the greatest potential to abuse or neglect their children by determining whether parenting strategies, age of the mother, educational attainment, and isolation indicated by place of residence and marital status are predictive of the potential for child abuse. T-tests were performed to see if there significant differences in scale means for the subscales of parenting strategies in urban and rural groups of the sample. All subscale’s scores were significantly different when the urban and rural groups were compared. T-test and Chi square tests were computed on the relationship between demographic variables including educational attainment, age and marital status and urban and rural groups. Significant differences were found on all three demographic variables. Four variables were found to be predictive of the potential for child abuse. Four parenting strategies (i.e., spank, reason, allow, and praise) were tested for their power in predicting the potential for child abuse. Only allow was found to be a significant predictor for the potential for child abuse. Educational attainment, support group (which is a combined variable representing marital status and living arrangements) and urban vs. rural residence were found among the demographic variables to be predictors of the potential for child abuse. These results suggest that although a demographic like educational attainment may be important, the context of parenting (urban vs. rural and support group) and parenting style (allow) are the best predictors of the potential for child abuse. / Master of Science

Past research has highlighted the negative effects of abusive supervision on employees’ performance. This study seeks to investigate how immediate manager’s abusive behavior affects employee performance. Specifically, drawing upon social exchange theory, conservation of resources theory and LMX theory, this research develops a theoretical model that illustrates how abusive supervision negatively affects employees’ innovative behavior, through climate for innovation in an organization and LMX quality. For these relationships, we propose dyad tenure, gender dissimilarity, perceived organizational support, coworker support and locus of control as first stage moderators and psychological empowerment and psychological security as second stage moderators.To test the proposed model, data was collected from fulltime US employees who have regular interactions with their immediate manager. A two-time survey was distributed to participants through Prolific platform. The hypotheses that were tested include the negative relationship between abusive supervision and employee innovative behavior, the mediating role of Leader-Member exchange (LMX) quality and climate for innovation, and the direct effect of abusive supervision on the mediating variables and moderating effect of psychological security were supported. Possible implications, future research and practical contributions are discussed.