The purpose of this action study was to conduct a group psychotherapy for male spouse abusers using TFA Systems™. This treatment method examined the specific thoughts (T), feelings (F), and actions (A) experienced by abusive men in pre-violent situations. Situational specificity was followed throughout the treatment, making it relevant to the individual offender. The presenting problem leading to each subject's arrest was carefully analyzed using TFA assessment methods. Cues of approaching violence were isolated, and described in TFA terms. Subjects also identified personalized high-stress situations prone to violence. Applying TFA methods to these selected situations, they learned individualized and non-violent alternatives, preparing strategies for control. Group process was structured for flexibility, using the TFA Helping Cycle. The evaluation component of this study assessed the immediate outcomes and initial effects of treatment. Data were collected from subjective and objective assessments, using triangulation to strengthen observations. The results of this action study suggest that the TFA assessment methodology effectively described spouse abusers' TFA interactions prior to impulsive violence. Subjects were able to learn and apply the TFA concepts so as to increase pre-violence awareness. Participants in treatment became more thinking oriented in situations of mounting tension, moderating feelings, and actions. TFA treatment responded to the context, thoughts, feelings, and actions of abusive men. The Hutchins Behavior Inventory, an assessment of TFA functioning in specified situations, confirmed changes in abusers' TFA functioning. TFA treatment was shown to be a promising method for intervening in the violence cycle. / Ed. D.

The aim of this study is to find a deeper understanding of in which ways social workers experience that children are exploited to continue power and control, in the form of post-separation abuse, towards the mother after the separation from the abusive father. The study also wants to bring attention to which consequences this can cause the child, from social workers' experiences. The questions at issue are 1. In which ways do social workers see that children are exploited to expose the mother to post-separation abuse? and 2. Which consequences of this exploitation have been seen by social workers? This study uses a qualitative method in the form of interviews. This method is used due to the goal of finding a deeper and more clear view on the social workers' perspective on these questions. In this study there have been 6 interviews. 5 of the respondents work within the Swedish Social Services and 1 in a municipal counseling service. 2 of the respondents work with the children and the remaining 4 work with the adults/parents. The result of this study shows 4 ways children can be exploited to post-separation abuse towards the mother. 1. The child is forced to ally with the father. This means that the child imitates the fathers behavior, language or vocabulary. 2. Misleading penalty. This means that the child is penalized through the fathers' attempt to punish the mother. 3. Economy as an unwitting arena. This means that the father tries to obstruct the mothers' economy by withholding child support or by not contributing towards the childs' clothes or activities. 4. The child as a messenger between the parents. This means the hand-over of the child. This also includes situations where the child is forced to give information about the mother to the father. The result of this study shows that consequences of exploiting the children during post-separation abuse are mental health issues, guilt and shame, poor self-esteem, developmental trauma and being wrongfully diagnosed with, for example, ADHD. This study shows that it is very common and highly likely that children are exploited as a pawn in post-separation abuse towards the mother.

Abusive Language Detection is an important NLP task that can lead to improved content moderation and is particularly crucial for a safer online experience for all. Most online spaces, such as social media or video games, employ some form of content moderation and allow users to report instances of abusive language but fall short when it comes to real-time detection and intervention. Our work focuses on abusive language detection in social online domains. We begin by exploring the use of pre-trained transformer models for this task and provide a set of baseline results. We introduce an offline filtering step that identifies and removes non-keywords using pointwise mutual information to address linguistic challenges such as domain-specific language and misspelled words. This process emphasizes the remaining words and builds a stronger association between word-category pairs. We also explore an online filtering framework that aims to replicate and remove the offline filtering step by utilizing transformer-produced context-aware embeddings to score words. Identifying and removing non-keywords can significantly improve performance for this task but relies on knowledge of word-category co-occurrences.

L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’identifier les antécédents organisationnels de la supervision abusive. Alors, un modèle intégrant la culture organisationnelle a été élaboré. Les données primaires recueillies par l’Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale (l’ERTSM) auprès de 2162 employés de 63 établissements au Québec de septembre 2009 à mai 2012 ont permis de tester nos hypothèses. Les analyses multiniveaux réalisées corroborent une relation significative entre la culture organisationnelle et la supervision abusive. Les résultats ont montré que la culture de performance est positivement reliée à la supervision abusive contrairement à la culture de relations sociales. Aussi, ces analyses révèlent que certains subordonnés seraient plus enclins à rapporter de la supervision abusive que d´autres. Enfin, d’autres caractéristiques organisationnelles comme la taille de l’établissement pourraient être associées à la supervision abusive. / The main objective of this thesis is to identify the organizational antecedents of abusive supervision. A model incorporating organizational culture was thus developed. The data collected by l’Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale (l’ERTSM) with 2162 employees from 63 organizations located in Quebec from September 2009 to May 2012 was used to test our hypotheses. The linear multilevel models supported a significant relationship between organizational culture and abusive supervision. The results suggest that the performance culture positively affects abusive supervision. In contrast, the social relations culture is negatively related to abusive supervision. Also, these analyzes revealed that some employees are more likely to report abusive supervision. Finally, other organizational characteristics such as the organization's size are associated with abusive supervision.

Paper one: The attitudes and reasoning of abusive behaviour in adolescents who have been exposed to domestic abuse Exposure to domestic abuse in childhood can go on to negatively affect every aspect of that individual’s life. During adolescence, the impact of exposure to domestic abuse may go beyond the borders of the family and the individual, and affect the development of intimate relationships. This study explores the attitudes and reasoning of eleven young people who have been exposed to domestic abuse and are displaying perpetrator behaviours. Results reveal a complex interaction between experiences and skill deficits at a crucial time of identity formation, resulting in the formation and maintenance of destructive attitudes and contradictory reasoning about abusive behaviour. The direct implications of this study, suggestions for further research, and for Educational Psychology Services are discussed. Paper two: An evaluation of an intervention for adolescents who have been exposed to domestic abuse and are displaying perpetrator behaviours Where domestic violence occurs, children and young people are likely to have been exposed to such abuse. Evidence suggests that this is likely to have a detrimental impact on them. There is an acute gap in provision for such individuals, despite evidence suggesting a link between exposure to domestic abuse in childhood, and involvement in abusive dating relationships in late adolescence and adulthood. There has been little research testing the effectiveness of intervention programmes which aim to reduce this risk. In this study a before and after design was used to evaluate a cognitive-behavioural intervention programme for young people who have been exposed to domestic abuse and are displaying abusive behaviours. This evaluation was based on the views of the young people on this programme. Results indicate that certain elements of the programme were more successful in achieving the programme aims. Considerations for the development of further programmes which target this client group are discussed.

Réalisée à partir d’un échantillon de 410 travailleurs civils et policiers du Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) atteint en février 2009, cette recherche vise à approfondir les connaissances relatives à l’influence de l’utilisation des compétences, de l’autorité décisionnelle, du soutien social au travail, de la supervision abusive et du soutien social hors travail sur les trois dimensions du syndrome d’épuisement professionnel (épuisement émotionnel, cynisme, efficacité professionnelle). Cette recherche vise également à déterminer si les relations qui unissent ces facteurs organisationnels et sociaux aux trois dimensions d’épuisement professionnel varient selon que les travailleurs appartiennent à la main-d’œuvre policière ou civile. Les résultats des analyses multivariées témoignent de l’influence distinctive des variables explicatives sur les trois dimensions d’épuisement professionnel et supportent la conceptualisation tridimensionnelle du syndrome d’épuisement professionnel. Les résultats appuient également la distinction des concepts d’utilisation des compétences et d’autorité décisionnelle et permettent d’approfondir les connaissances relatives à l’influence de la supervision abusive, du soutien social hors travail et du rôle modérateur de la profession sur les trois dimensions du syndrome d’épuisement professionnel. / Conducted with a sample of 410 civilians and police officers of the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) consulted in February 2009, this study aims to increase knowledge regarding the influence of skill utilization, decision authority, social support in the workplace, abusive supervision and social support outside the workplace on the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficiency). This study also aims to establish if the relations between these organizational and social factors and the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome vary according to the civilian or police nature of the workforce. Results of the multivariate analysis show the distinctive influence of explicative variables on the three dimensions of the burnout. Results also emphasize the distinction between the concept of skill utilization and decision authority as well as increase knowledge regarding the influence of abusive supervision, social support outside the workplace and the role of the profession as a moderator on the three dimensions of the burnout syndrom.

Réalisée à partir d’un échantillon de 410 travailleurs civils et policiers du Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) atteint en février 2009, cette recherche vise à approfondir les connaissances relatives à l’influence de l’utilisation des compétences, de l’autorité décisionnelle, du soutien social au travail, de la supervision abusive et du soutien social hors travail sur les trois dimensions du syndrome d’épuisement professionnel (épuisement émotionnel, cynisme, efficacité professionnelle). Cette recherche vise également à déterminer si les relations qui unissent ces facteurs organisationnels et sociaux aux trois dimensions d’épuisement professionnel varient selon que les travailleurs appartiennent à la main-d’œuvre policière ou civile. Les résultats des analyses multivariées témoignent de l’influence distinctive des variables explicatives sur les trois dimensions d’épuisement professionnel et supportent la conceptualisation tridimensionnelle du syndrome d’épuisement professionnel. Les résultats appuient également la distinction des concepts d’utilisation des compétences et d’autorité décisionnelle et permettent d’approfondir les connaissances relatives à l’influence de la supervision abusive, du soutien social hors travail et du rôle modérateur de la profession sur les trois dimensions du syndrome d’épuisement professionnel. / Conducted with a sample of 410 civilians and police officers of the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) consulted in February 2009, this study aims to increase knowledge regarding the influence of skill utilization, decision authority, social support in the workplace, abusive supervision and social support outside the workplace on the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficiency). This study also aims to establish if the relations between these organizational and social factors and the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome vary according to the civilian or police nature of the workforce. Results of the multivariate analysis show the distinctive influence of explicative variables on the three dimensions of the burnout. Results also emphasize the distinction between the concept of skill utilization and decision authority as well as increase knowledge regarding the influence of abusive supervision, social support outside the workplace and the role of the profession as a moderator on the three dimensions of the burnout syndrom.

Le droit de brevet, sacralisé par sa qualification de droit de propriété, et renforcé par les dispositions des accords internationaux et des lois nationales, est facilement susceptible d'acquisition et d'exercice abusive. En outre, la défaillance de certains offices des brevets amplifie les possibilités de l'appropriation abusive. Les situations de l'acquisition abusive du droit de brevet sont plus fréquentes dans le secteur des hautes technologies (l'industrie pharmaceutique, la biotechnologie et l'industrie de l'informatique). Ces abus, d'une part, entravent la réalisation de la fonction assignée au droit de brevet et, d'autre part, restreignent la liberté de la concurrence. Les dispositions du droit des brevets et celles du droit de la concurrence imposent des limites au pouvoir des brevetés, pouvoir issu de leur droit privatif, afin de réaliser l'intérêt général. Cependant, ces deux corps de règles ne viennent pas au secours des particuliers dont les intérêts privés peuvent être atteints par l'usage abusif du droit de brevet. La théorie de l'abus de droit, principe général du droit commun, comble cette lacune. Malgré son application limitée et prudente en matière du droit de brevet, son utilité n'est pas à négliger. Elle permet de prévenir et de sanctionner l'usage anormal du droit de brevet. La comparaison entre le droit français et égyptien montre que la différence du niveau de développement économique et industriel entre les pays influe sur leur politique législative à l'égard du droit des brevets. / Patent law is easily subject to acquisition and abusive exercise although it's sacred due to his qualification of property rights and strengthened by the international agreements and national laws. The failure of some patent offices amplifies the possibilities of this abusive appropriation. Situations of abuse of patent rights are more frequent in the high technology sector (pharmaceutical, biotechnology and computer industry).On the one hand, these abuses hinder the realization of the function assigned to patent law, and on the other hand, they restrict freedom of competition. The legal measures of patent law and those of competition law impose limits on the power of the patentees which is stemming from their exclusive right, to realize the general interest. However, these rules don't protect private individuals whose interests can be affected by the abusive use of patent rights. The theory of abuse of law, a general principle of the common law, fills this gap. In spite of its limited and prudent application on the patent right, its utility is not to neglect. It helps to prevent and to sanction the abnormal use of the patent right. The comparison between the Egyptian and French law shows that the difference in the level of economic and industrial development between the two countries affects their legislative policy with regards to patent law.

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This paper contains an overview of some of the main 20th Century tendencies in translation theory. It focus especially on matters of equivalence, dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, skopos, abusive fidelity and foreignizing translation or resistant translation and their implications for actual translations. This paper also includes translations prepared according to the principles of abusive fidelity, equivalence and dynamic equivalence, which are compared and commented.