This thesis introduces the substantive grounded theory of personal legitimising. It has emerged from a study of small consulting firms. Personal legitimising is about how individuals in organisations influence their work to take account of personal priorities and agendas. Colloquially, it can be described as consultants 'getting away with it' The theory introduces six behavioural categories. These are called 'opportunistic accommodating', 'sequential impressioning', 'voluntary championing', 'support mustering', 'pseudo endorsing' and 'retrospective justifying'. The first four are concerned with how individuals align personal and work agendas. The latter two report strategies that individuals use to defend their territory. Personal legitimising makes the distinction between those strategies which contain 'implicit' legitimacy and those which are 'explicit' in nature. With implicit strategies, people are able to chose the direction of their endeavours without recourse to management. This freedom is afforded by them operating within the bounds of 'organisational tolerance'. A comparison with literature in the substantive area of management consulting notes the presence of many of the ingredients of personal legitimising, but no theoretical explanation that links them together. The theory has implications for practitioners regarding the consequences on organisational strategy of individual actions, creating an appealing working environment for people (consultants) who are readily employable elsewhere, and the management of marketing. This is set in a context where knowledge based working is likely to account for an even greater proportion of enterprise in the future. The study also suggests further research in the area of impression management, and helps illuminate the practicalities of grounded theory study.

Variable Resistance Training (VRT), loading elastic band tension on a barbell, has shown improvements in force, power, and velocity. Studied extensively in the squat and bench press, VRT is less researched in the context of the deadlift. Additionally, while no acute VRT deadlift studies exist where intensity was ≥ 90% 1- RM, some heavy VRT studies suggest that at approximately 90% 1-RM, less band tension (BT) is required to enhance force and power than seen at lower intensities in existing research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of VRT on peak relative vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), average and peak velocity, and time of peak force (VGRF time), in heavy, traditional deadlifts. METHODS: Seven resistance trained, college-aged males were recruited for this study. Over the course of approximately eight weeks, subjects completed five training sessions including familiarization, and testing the deadlift at 90% 1-RM with no bands (NB), 10%BT, 20%BT, or 30%BT. All training sessions were performed on dual force plates and with a linear position transducer to determine kinetic and kinematic outcomes. RESULTS: There were significant differences between conditions for both peak [F (3,18) = 13.607, p < 0.001] and average velocity [F (3, 18) = 14.077, p < 0.001]. No significant differences were detected between conditions for peak relative VGRF [F (3, 12) = 2.41, p= 0.118], or VGRF time [F (3, 12) = 1.843, p= 0.193]. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study suggest velocity is improved with 20% to 30%BT when deadlifting approximately 90% 1-RM. For maximum force, traditional, NB deadlifts might be optimal considering the lack of improvement with the addition of bands. Despite the lack of significance between conditions, the large relative percent decrease in VGRF time from NB to 10%BT suggests that this small amount of BT may be advantageous for rapid force development with heavy loads

Notre étude répond a l'intitulé « La Dialectique ombre et lumière dans la poésie de Baudelaire et Senghor ». Elle s'attache à décrire la sémantique de ces deux métaphores de la condition humaine dans les œuvres de nos auteurs, sous l'autorité méthodologique de la stylistique de Spitzer et de la thématique richardienne. De fait, bien plus qu'un simple ornement, ombre et lumière traduisent au mieux leur pensée et décrivent la structure des œuvres. Ainsi, sont-elles une matrice génératrice d'une esthétique, d'une philosophie, et d'une religion parfois dissonante. Opportunément, le travail tente de mettre en lumière l'apport de Baudelaire dans la poésie senghorienne. Il établit que, contrairement à ce que certains critiques ont écrit, et à ce que Senghor à laisser entendre, sa poésie n'est pas influencée par celle du poète français. Ce dernier agit plutôt comme un révélateur, en lui faisant prendre conscience de la beauté de l'Afrique et de la femme noire, leur véritable point de rencontre / Our study answers to the title "The Dialectic shadow and light in Baudelaire and Senghor poetry". It strives to describe semantics of these two metaphors of the human condition in the work of our authors, under the methodological authority from Spitzer stylistics and from Richardřs themathic. Ac-tually, more than a simple ornament, a shadow and a light translate at best as possible their thought and describe the structure of the work. So, they are a generative matrix of aesthetics, a philosophy, and a sometimes dissonant religion. Conveniently, the work tries to highlight Baudelaire contribution in the Senghor poetry. It establishes that, in opposition to what some critics wrote, and in what Senghor let understand, his poetry is not influenced by that of the French poet. This last one acts rather as a revelation, by making him become aware of the beauty of Africa and black woman, their real meeting point

The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and outcomes of Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act Office for Civil Rights rulings as a result of complaints initiated by students with disabilities against community colleges from 2016-2018. The secondary purpose of this study was to analyze corresponding Office for Civil Rights Letters of Findings to provide guidance. The research questions that guided this study included: Research Question 1: What is the frequency of Office for Civil Rights Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act complaints including case issue, location, disability type, and year filed by students with disabilities against community colleges for the years 2016-2018? Research Question 2: Are the outcomes of Office for Civil Rights Letters of Findings dependent upon the independent variables: case issue, location, disability type, or year? Research Question 3: What themes can be noted in the Office for Civil Rights Letters of Findings? This study utilized Office for Civil Rights case issue summary data and accessed Letters of Findings via the U.S. Department of Education, OCR’s official database. The outcomes of this study revealed that among the 3 years, the highest reported cases were in 2017. The study also revealed that there was a statistically significant association between outcomes for case issue and outcomes for year. The qualitative analysis of Letters of Findings revealed the emergence of 5 themes: blanket policy, accommodations, undue burden, procedure, and accessible technology. The implications of this study provide guidance that includes common issues affecting students with disabilities at community colleges.

This embedded mixed method study addresses the problems teachers have reported in believing themselves capable to implement the Common Core State Standards with students in special education. This study examines the effect professional development on implementing the Common Core State Standards had on the participating teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. The participants (N=21) in this study were drawn from a 20-day professional development for teachers based on implementing the Common Core State Standards. The instrument used in the study was the Teacher Efficacy Beliefs System-Self. Data were subject to both statistical and qualitative analysis. The results of this study provide insight into the self-efficacy beliefs of the participants during and shortly after professional development about implementing the Common Core State Standards with students in special education. The Wilcoxon test of signed ranks revealed a significant increase in the TEB-S subscale areas of Accommodating Individual Differences and Managing Learning Routines, but not in Positive Classroom Climate. Qualitative analysis of data found both support for the statistical findings and also contradicted the statistical findings. Further qualitative analysis showed that practices presented in the professional development such as using the arts, formative assessment, and technology were effective in maintaining their teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs after professional development. Factors unrelated to the professional development, such as support from administrators and colleagues and poorly working technology were not supportive in carrying over the increase in teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in implementing the Common Core State Standards with students in special education. The study is framed by Social Cognitive Theory and organized into 5 parts. Chapter I provides an overview of the study. Chapter II includes a review of literature related to teachers’ self-efficacy belief’s Common Core State Standards, and professional development. Chapter III describes the methodology of the study. Chapter IV presents the results of the analysis of data. Chapter IV reports the findings of the study and presents the conclusions of the study and ideas for future research.

There has been significant increase in the occurrence of earthquakes and other disasters around the world recently. With record-breaking storms and natural disasters destroying different parts of the world, many people have to deal with the repercussions of the aftermaths; and homelessness is one of the facts of such incidence. This master thesis is aimed at creating living solution for the victims of earthquakes and other kind of disasters; natural or human-made (war), providing accommodation for homeless people after an earthquake or a housing alternative for refugees. The design of the collapsible home is basically a new concept of emergency hut for accommodating people in emergency after the event of disaster with easy assembling and quick installation feature. Considering the situation of homeless people after catastrophic disasters who need to be accommodated, the design and creation of a quick, accommodating and low-cost emergency hut is advantageous.  This project also provides a living service for both refugees and homeless people. It is low cost, modular, and easy to use. More than that it is feasible and it makes it possible to accommodate people for a longer period of time, rather than a very short temporary housing solution such as tents. / Det har skett en signifikant ökning av jordbävningar och andra katastrofer i världen. Med rekordstora stormar och naturkatastrofer som förstör i delar av världen måste många människor nu hantera efterverkningar och återuppbyggande, och hemlöshet är en av de faktorer som uppstår och som påverkar människor mest. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att skapa en boendelösning för offer för jordbävning och andra naturkatastrofer och krig. Det hopfällbara hemmets design är ett koncept för krisboende med enkelt montage och installering. Om man betänker den situation som människor hamnar i som blir hemlösa vid en katastrof, kan en design av en snabb och billig boendelösning som krisboende ge enormt mycket. Projektet kan också vara en boendeservice till flyktingar och människor som är hemlösa av andra anledningar än katastrofer. Det tillverkas för en låg kostnad och är möjlig att använda som modul och enkel att sätta upp. Men viktigare än det är att den ger möjlighet att härbergera människor under en längre tid till skillnad från mer temporära lösningar som exempelvis tält. Det hopfällbara hemmet är gjort av hållbart material, den använder grön energi och lyser upp staden. Den är utrustad med vertikala trädgårdar för att användarna ska kunna odla egna grönsaker och den återvinner vatten från regn. Den innehåller basala hopfällbara möbler och rumsavdelare som ger känsla av hemtrevnad och bekvämlighet.

The purpose of the study was to construct a psycho-social model for team cohesion at a financial institution. The financial institution had been in existence for 127 years, and had faced significant challenges throughout its history of acquisitions and mergers to establish working teams that would give it a competitive edge in global financial markets. The research objective was to develop a psycho-social model for team cohesion by investigating the interrelationships and overall relationships amongst the independent constructs (self-worth, personality preferences and conflict resolution styles) and the relevant outcome (team cohesion). Furthermore, the study also scientifically tested the possible moderating effect of the employees’ socio-demographic characteristics (race, gender, age, level of education, job level and tenure) on the fostering of team cohesiveness. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design approach was selected and applied to a simple probability sample (N = 463) using standardised, valid and reliable measuring instruments. The population consisted of permanent employees, and the results revealed significant relationships between the construct variables. The canonical correlation indicated a significant overall relationship between the contingencies of self-worth domains, personality preferences and conflict resolution styles, and the team cohesion-related dispositions of cohesiveness and engaged. The structured equation modelling indicated a good fit of the data between the individuals’ contingencies of self-worth domains (family support, God’s love, virtues, competition, work competence, physical appearance and pleasing others), the accommodating conflict resolution style, an extraversion personality preference, and team cohesion. Hierarchical moderated regression showed that race, age, educational level and job tenure significantly moderated the relationship between the participants’ psycho-social attributes and team cohesion. Tests for significant mean differences revealed significant differences in terms of the socio-biographical variables. On a theoretical level, the study deepened understanding of the antecedent constructs (self-worth, personality preferences and conflict resolution styles) and team cohesion construct. On an empirical level, the study produced an empirically tested psycho-social model for team cohesion. This study will add significant practical, valuable knowledge to the organisation in managing the future establishment and enhancement of team cohesion, and when integrating new team members to the environment during organisational restructuring and re-alignment after acquisitions and mergers, without negatively affecting organisational effectiveness. These findings invariably provided new insight in managing and understanding inherent interpersonal conflict among employees in the workplace and the enhancement of team cohesion practices, thus adding to the existing body of knowledge in the fields of Consulting Psychology and Industrial and Organisational Psychology, more specifically in financial organisations. / Psychology / D. Phil. (Consulting Psychology)

South African schools have educators that are faced with numerous challenges in managing their day-to-day classroom activities in general. This challenge is further made worse when it comes to managing classrooms with learners experiencing barriers to learning. The study investigated the suitability of different classroom management styles by educators in accommodating the needs of diverse learners experiencing barriers to learning. The study used a qualitative approach in which data was collected through the use of interviews, focus group discussions, lesson observations as well as literature review. The data analysis and findings revealed that many educators possess qualifications to teach and manage classrooms in regular or mainstream schools and not in special schools. With time these educators end up having to cope with managing learners experiencing barriers to learning through in-service training and professional development. The study established that there is no single classroom management strategy that should be used to manage learners experiencing barriers to learning. Educators should adapt their classroom management and teaching methods to accommodate the needs of learners experiencing barriers to learning. The study recommended that the government and the Department of Basic Education should train more educators in special education to enhance efficiency in managing learners with barriers to learning. Support structures and mechanisms should also be put in place to assist educators with different challenges that they face in the classroom on a daily basis. The study also recommended that all stakeholders in education like the government, SGBs, DoE, educators, Principals, parents, religious leaders and the community should come together to help manage lack of discipline among learners as well as giving all the necessary support to help manage learners experiencing barriers to learning. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Die Schwerpunktsetzung der Dissertation fokussiert die lehrkraftorientierte und berufsschulbezogene Auseinandersetzung mit Heterogenität; dabei werden bereits existente Lösungsansätze berücksichtigt. Ein Ziel der Arbeit ist, den Lehrkräften theoretisch fundierte adäquate Umgangsformen mit Heterogenität von Jugendlichen in den Klassen und Lerngruppen zu offerieren. Als theoretische Grundlage dient die Beschreibung von Heterogenitätsmerkmalen von Schülern, die in der einschlägigen Literatur für das erfolgreiche Lernen als signifikant relevant eingeschätzt werden. Des Weiteren rückt die Arbeit die Lehrkräfte mit ihren subjektiven Theorien, Kompetenzbündeln, Belastungsempfindungen und die lernförderlichen Umgangsformen der Lehrkräfte mit Heterogenitäten ins Zentrum sowie die kritische Betrachtung von Konzepten der inneren Differenzierung als mögliches Lösungskonzept. Die empirischen Untersuchungen erfolgen in ausgewählten staatlichen Berliner beruflichen Schulen im Berufsfeld Wirtschaft und Verwaltung mittels Leitfadeninterviews und deren Analyse in Anlehnung an die dokumentarische Methode in vertikaler und horizontaler Richtung. Ergänzt wird der qualitative Forschungsansatz durch eine statistische Dokumentenanalyse. Ein Ergebnis der Arbeit ist, dass Lehrkräfte Heterogenität nicht eindeutig als entweder Belastung oder als pädagogische Herausforderung empfinden, sondern dass der jeweils wahrgenommene Belastungsgrad stark durch die Intensität der jeweils vorliegenden Schülervarianzen in der Klasse/Lerngruppe geprägt ist. Es geht deshalb in den unterrichtsnah formulierten Hilfestellungen, die mittels einer Checkliste ermittelt werden können, um individuell zugeschnittene Handlungsempfehlungen, die sich entweder auf den Kern der Heterogenitätsvorstellung, auf die Reflexion der eigenen Handlungskompetenz, auf spezielle Heterogenitätsdimensionen, auf konkrete Hilfen für die Umsetzung der inneren Differenzierung oder auf die Belastungsreduktion im Berufsalltag beziehen. / The present thesis focuses on the ways in which vocational school teachers address student heterogeneity, giving due consideration to existing approaches. One of the goals is to provide teachers with theoretically well-founded, adequate forms of accommodating adolescent heterogeneity in various class and learning groups. The theoretical basis of this study is provided by a description of student heterogeneity features deemed to be significantly relevant to successful learning in the literature. Another primary concern is with teachers’ professional activity, including their subjective theories, their individual sets of competences, their feelings of stress and learning-conducive ways of addressing heterogeneity. Critical attention is given to differentiation by activity or outcome as a potential approach to dealing with heterogeneity. Empirical studies were conducted in a selection of Berlin-based vocational schools specializing in business and administration, using guided interviews and analyzing these by means of a methodology borrowing from the documentary method and availing itself of both vertical and horizontal perspectives. This qualitative approach is complemented by a statistical document analysis. One finding is that teachers do not view heterogeneity unambiguously as either a stress factor or a pedagogical challenge; rather, the degree of stress felt by teachers is heavily dependent on the extent of student variance inside the class or learning group. Instead, this study offers a checklist that teachers can use to obtain support and recommendations tailored to their individual needs and readily applicable to classroom settings. These recommendations concern the core of teachers’ perceptions of heterogeneity, their ability to reflect on their own ‘action competence’, specific dimensions of heterogeneity, concrete support for implementing differentiation inside the classroom, and stress reduction in day-to-day professional practice.

Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode. / Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.