Le stockage par supercondensateurs de l'énergie photovoltaïque est modélisé afin de disposer d'un modèle suffisamment fin et accessible permettant de les intégrer dans des chaînes de conversion de l'énergie solaire. Les supercondensateurs sont modélisés par un circuit multibranche comportant des résistances et capacités variables suivant la tension, dont les valeurs sont déterminées par une expérience de caractérisation ayant une bonne précision. Par ailleurs, tous les éléments d'une chaîne typique de conversion de l'énergie photovoltaïque sont modélisés avec le logiciel Matlab/Simulink (gisement solaire, conversion photovoltaïque des panneaux, régulateur, batterie et charges). Le modèle de stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs est ensuite validé par la bonne concordance des mesures relevées en conditions réelles avec les résultats donnés par les simulations. Enfin, deux exemples d'exploitation du modèle sont proposés et discutés : la détermination du temps de charge des supercondensateurs suivant l'éclairement solaire et la température ambiante, et l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans la chaîne d'alimentation électrique d'un moteur à courant continu permettant de réduire les sollicitations électriques sur la batterie lors de l'appel de puissance nécessaire au démarrage du moteur / The storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the motor

With increasing growing the number of batteries, namely accumulators, Consequently, their take-away and a need of recyclation is increasing too. It is thus necessary to find a suitable way to their optimalization that can lead to the establishment of new waste collection machineries. This study deals with the data analysis by ECOBAT s.r.o. company, data processing and a model construction (in five different versions). The output of the diploma thesis is a model of the batteries collection enabling closer look on take-away routes, The model is based on the distances of take-away routes based on a principle of the utility areas and a role of a transport. The data are obtained from program ArcGIS 10.5 and subsequently handled in program Microsoft Excel. The outputs are the map schemes issuing from five different versions. The first one is showing the current situation, The other one is showing the version of treating units in three largest towns of the Czechia, the third one treating units in all the towns with above 100 000 inhabitants. The forth on eis showing a possibility to have a collection point in each of the county seats. The last one has the same location, but the threating units have higher capacities. The model is general, there is therefore a possibility of using it in modeling for other...

This study was designed to observe the effects of selenium from plant material in sheep after a single, oral dose. Purified sodium selenite and selenomethionine were given as positive controls. The plant Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Western Mountain Aster) was collected, analyzed for selenium content, and administered orally to sheep at varying doses according to body weight. Clinical signs were observed for 7 days during which time whole blood, serum, and expired air were collected. Following euthanasia, tissues were collected for histopathological analysis and mineral analysis. Clinical signs were less apparent than expected and included depression and mild dyspnea in sheep receiving the highest doses of selenium as plant material, whereas pathologic lesions were prominent. Acute myocardial degeneration and necrosis was most severe in the highest dose animals, but present to lesser degrees as dose decreased. Pulmonary lesions of edema and congestion were less frequently observed. Thirteen animals died prior to study completion. Selenium concentration in tissues, brain, liver, kidney cortex, atrium, ventricle, and skeletal muscle, increased with increasing dose of plant material. Treatment had a significant impact on selenium concentration in all tissues collected for mineral analysis (P < 0.01). Whole blood and serum were collected to study the toxicokinetics of selenium in these sheep. Serum kinetic parameters that increased significantly with increasing dose included the elimination rate constant, peak selenium concentration, and area under the selenium concentration versus time curve. Serum kinetic parameters that significantly decreased with increasing dose included the absorption and elimination half-lives. Whole blood kinetic parameters that increased significantly with increasing dose included the elimination rate constant, peak selenium concentration, and area under the curve. Expired air was collected to study the respiratory toxicokinetics of selenium in the sheep. The selenium concentration in expired air from sheep receiving selenomethionine was significantly greater than all other treatments (P < 0.0001) at all collection time points. But an intriguing finding was the dramatic differences in elimination profile curves as selenium dose increased with the plant material. The highest dose group elimination curve continually increased through all collection time points. All other groups dosed with plant material saw a decrease in selenium elimination by the last collection time point.

Bakgrund Tal- och språkstörningar kan leda till och nedsatt kommunikation och förmåga att delta i samtal. Självskattning anses som ett otillräckligt mått på taltid och objektiva mätmetoder behövs som komplement. Många patienter i logopedbehandling är pensionärer men det saknas forskning om taltid inom denna åldersgrupp. Syfte Att samla in referensdata om fonationstid hos en grupp friska pensionärer och utvärdera röstackumulatorn VoxLog som mätinstrument av taltid. Metod Tjugo pensionärer deltog i studien, varav tio kvinnor och tio män i åldrarna 66-75 år. Deltagarna bar VoxLog åtta timmar per dag i tre dagar och fyllde i en aktivitetsdagbok med en självskattningsskala för taltid samt ett utvärderingsformulär. Resultat Fonationstiden i medeltal för samtliga deltagare var 9,9 % med spridningen 2,7–23,5 %. De kvinnliga deltagarna hade en signifikant längre genomsnittlig fonationstid (12,8 %) än de manliga deltagarna (7,0 %). En signifikant korrelation sågs mellan självskattning och fonationstid på gruppnivå, men en lägre överensstämmelse på individnivå. Deltagarna hade överlag positiva erfarenheter av VoxLog men vissa problem med teknik och bekvämlighet samt missförstånd av instruktioner påverkade användningen. Slutsatser Studien har bidragit med referensvärden för fonationstid, vilket kan användas i forskning och i klinisk verksamhet. Registrering av fonationstid med VoxLog kan användas för att skatta taltid och komplettera självskattning, men vissa begränsningar i metoden bör tas i beaktande. Framtida studier kan inriktas på att undersöka hur VoxLog upplevs av patienter samt att ta fram normvärden. / Background Speech and language disorders lead to limitations in communication and ability to participate in conversation. Self-reported questionnaires are considered an insufficient measure of speaking time, so that objective complementary measuring methods are needed. Many patients undergoing speech-language pathology treatment are retired, but no data about speaking time in this group exists. Aim To collect reference data about phonation time, from a group of healthy pensioners and to evaluate the voice accumulator VoxLog as a measuring instrument for speaking time. Method Twenty pensioners participated in this study; ten women and ten men aged 66-75. VoxLog was worn eight hours a day during a three day period. A diary of activities containing a self-evaluation scale regarding speech time and an evaluation questionnaire were completed. Results Mean phonation time for all participants was 9,9 % and the range 2,7–23,5 %. The female participants showed a significantly longer mean phonation time (12,8 %) compared to the male participants (7,0 %). A significant correlation between self-evaluation and phonation time at group level, but a lower agreement at the individual level, was found. In general, the participants had a positive experience of VoxLog, even though some technical, instructional and usability deficits were reported. Conclusions In this study, reference data for phonation time has been collected, that may be used clinically and in future research. Registration of phonation time with VoxLog can be used for estimation of speaking time  as a complement to self-reports, even though some limitations in the method should be taken into account. Further research should focus on patient’s opinions about VoxLog and collecting normative values.

[pt] O presente trabalho diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de um modelo semiteórico de simulação para um ciclo transcrítico de compressão de vapor empregando, como fluido refrigerante o dióxido de carbono, R744. Com base no modelo matemático dos componentes do ciclo (um compressor, uma válvula de expansão, um evaporador, um resfriador de gás, um acumulador de sucção e um intercambiador de calor), operando em regime permanente, foi proposto o desempenho de um sistema de ar condicionado automotivo, em condições de temperaturas ambientes elevadas.Um programa escrito em FORTRAN foi desenvolvido para calcular o desempenho do ciclo e os resultados foram comparados com dados experimentais publicados em McEnaney et al. (1999). As propriedades do R744 foram calculadas com subrotinas do pacote REFRIPROP, desenvolvido no NIST, EUA. / [en] The present work says respect to the development of a semitheoretical model of simulation for a transcrítico cycle of vapor compression using, as fluid cooling the dioxide of carbon, R744. On the basis of the mathematical model of the components of the cycle (a compressor, a valve of expansion, a gas evaporator, cooler, an accumulator of suction and a intercambiador of heat), operating in permanent regimen, was considered the performance of a automotivo conditional air system, in conditions of raised ambient temperatures. A program written in FORTRAN was developed to calculate the performance of the cycle and the results had been compared with experimental data published in McEnaney et al. (1999). The properties of R744 had been calculated with subroutines from REFRIPROP, developed at NIST, U.S.A.

In this paper a test set embedding based on accumulator driven by an odd additive constant is presented. The problem is formulated around finding the location of the test pattern in the sequence generated by the accumulator, given a odd constant C and test set T, in terms of linear Diophantine equation of two variables. We show that the search space for finding the best constant corresponding to the shortest length, is greatly reduced. Experimental results show a significant improvement in run time with practically acceptable test length.

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This master’s thesis deals with the topic of electromobility and the possible use of their stored energy. Nowadays technologies of accumulators and solutions that have been already manufactured by companies are presented. There is a proposal of a management system which uses electromobile as a backup energy supply for an off-grid home power network which is supplied by an energy from photovoltaic panels. As a part of this thesis, there has been a program created to simulate operational conditions of such network. Various operational conditions were simulated and the results are discussed in the last chapter.

This diploma thesis is concerned with topic of lithium-ion batteries recycling. In this document the particular methods containing commercial used recycling processes or only laboratory used processes are discussed. Because rising amount of spent Li-ion accumulators is necessary find proper methods to recycle this type of accumulators. Also legislation question of this issue is important. In practical part is described procedure and results performed recycling method.

This thesis focuses on design of printed circuit board and programming of ESP32 module. This module communicates with discharging circuit which allows testing of battery properties. With help of voltage and current sensors it is possible to test and print results of battery on display. The testing device also allows control over web user interface thanks to ESP32.