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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Effect of polymer additives on heat transport in a boundary layer flow. / 聚合物添加劑對邊界層流動中熱傳輸量的影響 / Effect of polymer additives on heat transport in a boundary layer flow. / Ju he wu tian jia ji dui bian jie ceng liu dong zhong re chuan shu liang de ying xiang

January 2011 (has links)
Chu, Wai Siu = 聚合物添加劑對邊界層流動中熱傳輸量的影響 / 朱瑋韶. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chu, Wai Siu = Ju he wu tian jia ji dui bian jie ceng liu dong zhong re chuan shu liang de ying xiang / Zhu Weishao. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.3 / Chapter 3 --- Formulation of the problem --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- Prandtl-Blasius equations with temperature field --- p.9 / Chapter 3.2 --- The evolution equation for Rij --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3 --- Equations of motion with polymers --- p.19 / Chapter 3.4 --- Nusselt number and drag coefficient --- p.26 / Chapter 4 --- Results and discussion --- p.29 / Chapter 4.1 --- Obtaining the converged solutions --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2 --- Studying different parameters --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3 --- The parameter a --- p.54 / Chapter 5 --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.65 / Bibliography --- p.67
162

Ronnel and its effects on feedlot performance

Tobyne, Dwight Nolan January 2010 (has links)
Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
163

The effects of surface modification on properties of solid lubricant additives

Jiao, Yang January 2017 (has links)
Three different fine-particles (lanthanum fluoride nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles and zinc borate submicron particles) were modified and tested on the purpose of study the effects of surface modified fine-particles when they used as lubricant additives in liquid paraffin. The modified fine-particles were examined and characterised by a FT-IR spectroscopy and a zeta-potential measurer. The tribological performances of surface modified fine-particles were invalided by a pin-on-disc test rig under various experimental environments. The worn surfaces on post-tested pin were analysed by AFM, SEM and a nano-indentation tester. The results indicated Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HS) modified lanthanum fluoride nanoparticles and HS modified cerium oxide nanoparticles all shown better dispersibility than unmodified lanthanum fluoride nanoparticles and unmodified cerium oxide nanoparticles in liquid paraffin (LP). HS modified lanthanum fluoride nanoparticles and HS modified cerium oxide nanoparticles also have been approved that they can improve the tribological properties of LP significantly under various working conditions. The formation of tribo-films on the worn scar is the key mechanism of friction and wear reduction. On the other hand, surface modified zinc borate submicron particles have not demonstrated great potential as an oil lubricant additive under various working conditions. HS, as a particle surface modifier, could improve the performance of fine-particle oil lubricant additives impressively. The positive effects of HS on both dispersibility and tribological performance of surface modified fine-particles were observed.
164

Atividade de compostos antimicrobianos para aplicação em produtos cárneos processados prontos para consumo visando controle de Listeria monocytogenes / Activity of antimicrobial compounds for application in ready-to-eat meat products for the control of Listeria monocytogenes

Olivo, Rubia de Souza 04 December 2018 (has links)
Listeria monocytogenes é o microrganismo patogênico de maior relevância em carnes processadas prontas para consumo. A presença frequente de L. monocytogenes no ambiente pode levar a uma contaminação dos produtos após o processamento industrial e como esses produtos não passam por tratamento bactericida antes de serem consumidos, a saúde do consumidor pode estar em risco. Para inibir a multiplicação de L. monocytogenes nos produtos cárneos durante o armazenamento em refrigeração após o processamento, os fabricantes podem utilizar diversos aditivos antimicrobianos na formulação destes produtos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de aditivos tradicionalmente empregados em produtos cárneos processados, e de quatro novos blends preparados à base de nisina (Nisaplin®) contra cepas de L. monocytogenes, fazendo-se a avaliação in vitro e in situ, em mortadelas experimentalmente contaminadas, formuladas com os compostos estudados, armazenadas à vácuo e em refrigeração (8 °C) por 70 dias. Os compostos extrato de alecrim, diacetato de sódio e Nisaplin®, quando testados in vitro, apresentaram maior eficiência na inibição das cepas de L. monocytogenes que lactato de sódio e vinagre tamponado. Quando testados in vitro, os produtos comerciais BioVia® CL600 e NovaGARD® LM100 e os quatro blends utilizados no preparo das mortadelas foram igualmente efetivos na inibição de L. monocytogenes. De acordo com os resultados dos testes in situ, o melhor controle de L. monocytogenes em mortadelas durante 70 dias a 8 °C ocorreu nos produtos preparados com o blend contendo extrato de alecrim, diacetato de sódio, vinagre tamponado e Nisaplin®. O blend contendo extrato de alecrim, lactato de sódio e Nisaplin®, foi o menos efetivo entre os blends testados. / Listeria monocytogenes is the most important microbial pathogen in ready-to-eat processed meat products. The frequent presence of L. monocytogenes in the environment can lead to product contamination after industrial processing and since these products do not have a bactericidal step before consumed, consumer health may be at risk. To inhibit the multiplication of L. monocytogenes in processed meat products during refrigerated storage, manufacturers may use various antimicrobial additives in the formulation of these products. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in situ activity of additives traditionally used in processed meat products and four new blends based on nisin (Nisaplin®) against L. monocytogenes, in experimentally contaminated bolognas, formulated with the studied compounds and stored under vacuum and refrigerated (8 °C) for 70 days. Rosemary extract, sodium diacetate and Nisaplin®, when tested in vitro, were more effective than sodium lactate and buffered vinegar for the inhibition of the L. monocytogenesstrains. When tested in vitro, the commercial products BioVia® CL600 and NovaGARD® LM100 and the four blends used in bologna preparation were equally effective in inhibiting L. monocytogenes. According to the results of the in situ tests, the best control of L. monocytogenes in bolognas for 70 days at 8 °C occurred in the products prepared with the blend containing rosemary extract, sodium diacetate, buffered vinegar and Nisaplin®. The blend containing rosemary extract, sodium lactate and Nisaplin®, was the least effective among the tested blends.
165

Efeitos da utilização da levedura hidrolisada como fonte de nucleotídeos sobre o desempenho e imunidade de frangos de corte. / Effects of hydrolyzed yeast as a source of nucleotides on performance and immunity of broilers.

Yonemura, Cassia Yumi 09 June 2011 (has links)
Existe atualmente uma restrição muito forte ao uso de antibióticos como promotores de crescimento na alimentação avícola, uma vez que tais produtos passaram a ser vistos como fatores de risco para a saúde humana. Estudos com produtos alternativos tornaram-se necessários e, neste sentido, as leveduras vem sendo exploradas, principalmente, seu conteúdo celular. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de levedura hidrolisada, fonte de nucleotídeos, sobre o desempenho e imunidade de frangos de corte, suplementados no período de 1 a 14 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 576 pintos de corte, machos, linhagem Ross 308, criados até 42 dias de idade sobre cama reutilizada. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com 6 tratamentos: controle negativo (sem suplementação); controle positivo (com antibiótico) e diferentes níveis de adição de levedura hidrolisada (0,25%; 0,50%; 0,75% e 1,00%), sendo 8 repetições/tratamento. Considerando-se o período total de criação, foram observados efeitos significativos para os parâmetros de ganho de peso (GP) e conversão alimentar (CA). Por sua vez, o parâmetro de consumo de ração (CR) não apresentou efeitos significativos entre os tratamentos. Com relação à imunidade, a suplementação com levedura hidrolisada apresentou efeito sobre a resposta a vacinação contra a doença de Newcastle, produção de água oxigenada, óxido nítrico e influenciou também no peso relativo dos órgãos linfóides, com destaque para o nível 0,75% de suplementação. Diante dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, pode-se concluir que a levedura hidrolisada, suplementada durante o período de 1 a 14 dias de idade, promove efeitos significativos no desempenho durante todo o período de criação e também influencia na imunidade das aves. / There is currently a strong restriction on the usage of antibiotics as growth promoters in broiler feed, since such products were seen as risk factors for human health. Research with alternative products has became necessary, and the yeast has been exploited, particularly its cellular content. Thus, this experiment was aimed at evaluating the use of hydrolyzed yeast, source of nucleotides on performance and immunity of broiler chickens supplemented during the period of 1 to 14 days old. A total of 576 male chicks, Ross 308 were raised up to 42 days old, on reused litter. The design was completely randomized with six treatments: negative control (no supplementation), positive control (with antibiotic) and different levels of hydrolyzed yeast (0.25%; 0.50%; 0.75% e 1.00%), with 8 replicates per treatment. Considering the whole breeding period, significant effects were observed for parameters of weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC). However, the parameter of feed consumption (FC) had no significant effect among the treatments. Regarding to immunity, the hydrolyzed yeast supplementation had an effect on the response to vaccination against Newcastle disease, production of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and also influenced the relative weight of lymphoid organs, especially the 0.75% level of supplementation. With the results obtained in this experiment it is possible to conclude that the hydrolyzed yeast supplementation, during the period of 1 to 14 days old, promotes a significant effect on performance throughout the whole rearing period and also influences the immunity of the broiler chicks.
166

Molecular dynamics simulations of surface-active molecules under dynamic conditions found in engines

Doig, Michael January 2013 (has links)
Lubricants oils play an important role in a wide range of industrial and mechanical processes, where they are used to reduce both the friction and wear between interacting moving surfaces. The current understanding of lubrication is mainly based on empirical evidence, obtained from experiment. In this work, computer simulations are used to gain insight into the microscopic processes that lead to the modification of friction and wear by additive molecules adsorbed on sheared surfaces lubricated by thin liquid films. The specific area of application under consideration is the lubrication of automotive engine parts. The interactions between additive molecules are first determined using density-functional theory calculations. The interactions are then validated against available experimental data, and incorporated in to large-scale molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, which are used to explore the structure and frictional properties of lubricated surfaces. The surfaces considered are alumina and iron oxide. The lubricating oils are squalane and hexadecane, which are representative of automotive lubricants, and the additive molecules are stearic acid, oleic acid and various oleamides. MD simulations are performed over wide ranges of the relevant physical conditions, namely pressure, temperature, and shear rate. The additives adsorb on to the surfaces and provide a physical connection between the surfaces and the lubricating liquid. The structures of adsorbed films are analysed in microscopic detail using functions of atomic positions and molecular geometry. Several important trends are identified, linking molecular isomerism and architecture with the structure and stability of the adsorbed film. In addition, the simulation results are used to gain insight on recent experimental measurements of film structure. The friction coefficients in various situations are computed and analysed with reference to the structures of the adsorbed films. The synthesis of these data and observed trends yields new insights on the intimate link between the molecular properties of lubricants, and the macroscopic frictional properties of macroscopic lubricated engine parts.
167

Aditivos (ionóforo e não ionóforo), processamento de grãos de milho e concentrações de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN) de silagem de milho em dietas para bovinos em terminação / Additives (ionophore and no ionophore), corn grain processing and level of neutral detergent fiber from corn silage on finishing cattle diets

Cristiane Sitta 20 April 2016 (has links)
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o intuito de se avaliar o desempenho, características de carcaça e parâmetros ruminais de bovinos Nelore recebendo dietas contendo grãos de milho flint processados de diferentes formas em associação a diferentes aditivos e níveis de FDN de silagem de milho (FDNf). No Experimento 1, 239 tourinhos (PCI=350±26,79kg) foram alojados em 40 baias de acordo com o peso corporal inicial e receberam dietas contendo dois tipos de processamento dos grãos de milho (moagem fina e floculação) e diferentes aditivos (monensina sódica; 25 ppm e formulação A062 a base de virginiamicina; produto teste, não comercial, fornecido pela Ourofino Saúde Animal; nas dosagens de 17 e 25 ppm), totalizando 8 tratamentos. Os dados foram analisados pelo PROC MIXED do SAS. A floculação aumentou o peso final, o ganho de peso diário, a eficiência alimentar, o peso da carcaça quente e tendeu a aumentar o rendimento de carcaça em comparação a moagem fina. Houve tendência de interação entre processamento e fornecimento de aditivos para a ingestão de matéria seca e ganho de peso diário. A floculação reduziu o teor de amido fecal, aumentou a digestibilidade do amido no trato total, aumentou os valores de energia liquida para manutenção e ganho da dieta e o numero médio de papilas ruminais. Os aditivos aumentaram a altura, largura e área das papilas e reduziram a espessura de faixa de queratina em relação ao tratamento controle. Houve tendência das formulações a base de virginiamicina aumentarem o peso da carcaça quente dos animais em comparação com a monensina sódica, mas não em relação ao tratamento controle sem aditivo. A floculação foi mais efetiva para aumentar a digestiblidade do amido no trato total, o valor energético do milho e o desempenho dos bovinos enquanto que os aditivos não foram efetivos para aumentar o valor energético das dietas e a eficiência alimentar dos animais. No Experimento 2, 237 tourinhos (PCI=350±28,49kg) foram alojados em 32 baias de acordo com o peso corporal inicial e receberam dietas contendo dois tipos de processamento (moagem grosseira e floculação) e diferentes níveis de FDNf (4; 7; 10 e 13% MS), totalizando 8 tratamentos. Os dados foram analisados pelo PROC MIXED do SAS. A floculação tendeu a aumentar a eficiência alimentar, o peso da carcaça quente e a espessura de gordura subcutânea, reduziu o teor de amido fecal, aumentou a digestibilidade do amido no trato total como também aumentou os valores de energia liquida para manutenção e para ganho das dietas. Os níveis de FDNf afetaram ingestão de matéria seca e o peso da carcaça quente independente do método de processamento. Houve tendência de aumento linear no GPD e tendência de redução quadrática na eficiência alimentar com inclusão crescente de FDNf. A inclusão de silagem de milho em dietas com alto teor de milho flint reduziu a eficiência alimentar dos animais, mas aumentou o peso da carcaça quente. A floculação aumentou o valor energético do cereal para tourinhos Nelore em dietas com alto teor de energia. / Two experiments were conducted to evaluate animal performace, carcass characteristics and ruminal parameters of Nellore bulls fed with diets containing flint corn processed by different methods in association with additives and FDN levels of corn silage (FDNf).In the first experiment, two hundred and trhirty nine Nellore bulls (IBW=350±26.79kg) were blocked based on their initial body weight and randomly divided into 40 pens. The objective was to evaluate two different corn processing methods (fine ground and steam-flaked corn) and additives (monensin; 25 ppm and A062 formulation based on virginiamycin; test product, non-commercial, provided by Ourofino Saude Animal; 17 or 25 ppm), a total of 8 treatments. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Steam-flaking increased the final body weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and tended to increase the carcass yield. There was a tendency of interaction between corn processing and feed additives for dry matter intake and daily weight gain. Steam-flaking decreased fecal starch, increased total tract starch digestibility and increased net energy for maintenance and net energy for gain values of the diet and increased average number of papillae. Additives increased papillae leight, width, and area and decreased keratin strip thickness in comparison to the control diet. There was a tendency of A062 formulations based on virginiamycin to increase hot carcass weight in comparison to monensin, but not in relation to the control treatment, without additive. Steam-flaking was more effective to increase total tract starch digestibility, corn energy values and animal performace while the feed additives were not effective to increase the net energy value of the diets and animal feed efficiency. In the second experiment, two hundred and thirty seven Nellore bulls (IBW=350±28.49kg) were blocked based on their initial body weight and randomly divided into 32 pens. The objective was to evaluate two different corn processing methods (ground and steam-flaked corn) and four FDNf levels (4; 7; 10; 13 %DM), a total of 8 treatments. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Steam flaking tended to increase feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and fat thickness, decreased fecal starch, increased total tract starch digestibility and net energy for maintenance and net energy for gain diet values. Independent of corn processing, FDNf levels affected dry matter intake and hot carcass weight. There was a tendency of linear increase in daily weight gain and tendency of quadractic reduction on feed efficiency increasing FDNf levels. Corn silage in high grain diets decreased animal feed efficiency, but increased hot carcass weight. Steam-flaking increased the cereal energy value for Nellore bulls fed grain concentrate diets.
168

Atividade de compostos antimicrobianos para aplicação em produtos cárneos processados prontos para consumo visando controle de Listeria monocytogenes / Activity of antimicrobial compounds for application in ready-to-eat meat products for the control of Listeria monocytogenes

Rubia de Souza Olivo 04 December 2018 (has links)
Listeria monocytogenes é o microrganismo patogênico de maior relevância em carnes processadas prontas para consumo. A presença frequente de L. monocytogenes no ambiente pode levar a uma contaminação dos produtos após o processamento industrial e como esses produtos não passam por tratamento bactericida antes de serem consumidos, a saúde do consumidor pode estar em risco. Para inibir a multiplicação de L. monocytogenes nos produtos cárneos durante o armazenamento em refrigeração após o processamento, os fabricantes podem utilizar diversos aditivos antimicrobianos na formulação destes produtos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de aditivos tradicionalmente empregados em produtos cárneos processados, e de quatro novos blends preparados à base de nisina (Nisaplin®) contra cepas de L. monocytogenes, fazendo-se a avaliação in vitro e in situ, em mortadelas experimentalmente contaminadas, formuladas com os compostos estudados, armazenadas à vácuo e em refrigeração (8 °C) por 70 dias. Os compostos extrato de alecrim, diacetato de sódio e Nisaplin®, quando testados in vitro, apresentaram maior eficiência na inibição das cepas de L. monocytogenes que lactato de sódio e vinagre tamponado. Quando testados in vitro, os produtos comerciais BioVia® CL600 e NovaGARD® LM100 e os quatro blends utilizados no preparo das mortadelas foram igualmente efetivos na inibição de L. monocytogenes. De acordo com os resultados dos testes in situ, o melhor controle de L. monocytogenes em mortadelas durante 70 dias a 8 °C ocorreu nos produtos preparados com o blend contendo extrato de alecrim, diacetato de sódio, vinagre tamponado e Nisaplin®. O blend contendo extrato de alecrim, lactato de sódio e Nisaplin®, foi o menos efetivo entre os blends testados. / Listeria monocytogenes is the most important microbial pathogen in ready-to-eat processed meat products. The frequent presence of L. monocytogenes in the environment can lead to product contamination after industrial processing and since these products do not have a bactericidal step before consumed, consumer health may be at risk. To inhibit the multiplication of L. monocytogenes in processed meat products during refrigerated storage, manufacturers may use various antimicrobial additives in the formulation of these products. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in situ activity of additives traditionally used in processed meat products and four new blends based on nisin (Nisaplin®) against L. monocytogenes, in experimentally contaminated bolognas, formulated with the studied compounds and stored under vacuum and refrigerated (8 °C) for 70 days. Rosemary extract, sodium diacetate and Nisaplin®, when tested in vitro, were more effective than sodium lactate and buffered vinegar for the inhibition of the L. monocytogenesstrains. When tested in vitro, the commercial products BioVia® CL600 and NovaGARD® LM100 and the four blends used in bologna preparation were equally effective in inhibiting L. monocytogenes. According to the results of the in situ tests, the best control of L. monocytogenes in bolognas for 70 days at 8 °C occurred in the products prepared with the blend containing rosemary extract, sodium diacetate, buffered vinegar and Nisaplin®. The blend containing rosemary extract, sodium lactate and Nisaplin®, was the least effective among the tested blends.
169

Deslignificação com oxigênio para polpa kraft com alto número kappa / Oxygen delignification for kraft pulp with high kappa number

Bonfatti Júnior, Eraldo Antonio 28 March 2014 (has links)
Nesta pesquisa avaliou-se a influência da temperatura, da carga alcalina e dos aditivos antraquinona e etanol na deslignificação com oxigênio para polpa kraft de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla com alto número kappa e rejeitos, buscando a partir do desempenho do processo, definir as melhores condições para cada parâmetro estudado. Para produção da polpa celulósica foi utilizado o cozimento kraft convencional com carga alcalina de 13% e fator H de 580. Para redução do teor de rejeitos a polpa foi submetida, após o cozimento, a duas passagens por moinho desfibrador. A deslignificação com oxigênio foi feita em média consistência (10%), com pressão de oxigênio de 5 kgf.cm-2, em quatro cargas alcalinas (15, 30, 45 e 60 kg.t-1) e em quatro temperaturas (80, 100, 120 e 140ºC). Para avaliar o efeito dos aditivos foi feita a aplicação de 0,05% de antraquinona e etanol separadamente, bem como tratamentos sem aditivo como testemunhas. O número kappa da polpa produzida, a ser deslignificada, foi de 63,9 com 8,7% de rejeitos. A comparação entre os fatores carga alcalina e temperatura mostra que o primeiro é mais influente no processo de deslignificação com oxigênio, porém através da temperatura é possível reduzir o kappa com maior controle na seletividade, além disso, a temperatura serve de agente ativador das reações do processo, pois para qualquer carga aplicada a concentração de álcali residual diminui com o aumento da temperatura. O rendimento não apresentou queda com os aumentos da carga e da temperatura, pois, simultaneamente, a transformação dos rejeitos em polpa garante a manutenção do rendimento. A antraquinona não concedeu ganhos no rendimento e na eficiência da deslignificação, no entanto tornou o processo mais seletivo. A adição de etanol mostrou resultados positivos em termos de redução de número kappa, redução de rejeitos e também no rendimento. O total de sólidos gerados não sofreu influência significativa da ação dos aditivos. O teor de ácidos hexenurônicos foi baixo e não sofreu influência significativa de nenhum fator operacional. / This research evaluated the influence of temperature, alkali charge and the additives anthraquinone and ethanol at oxygen delignification for kraft pulp of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with high kappa number and rejects, seeking, from the process performance, define the bests the conditions for each parameter studied. For the pulp production was used the conventional kraft cooking under soft conditions, alkali charge of 13% and H factor of 580. To reduce the rejects content the pulp was subjected, after cooking, for two passages by grinder mill. Oxygen delignification was done at medium consistency (10%), with oxygen pressure of 5 kgf.cm-², on four alkaline charges (15, 30 , 45 and 60kg.t-1) and four temperatures (80, 100, 120 and 140°C). To evaluate the actions of the additives they was applied 0,05 % of anthraquinone and ethanol separately and without additive, as well as witnesses treatments. The kappa number of the produced pulp, to be delignified, was 63,9% with 8,7% of rejects content. The comparison between the alkaline charge and temperature shows that the first one is more influential in the process, but through the temperature can reduce the kappa number with greater selectivity control, in addition the temperature is the activating agent of the process reactions, because for any alkaline charge applied the residual active alkali decreases with increasing temperature. The yield did not decreased with the increase of alkaline charge and temperature, because, simultaneously, processing the rejects into pulp ensures the yeld performance. The anthraquinone did not given earnings to the yield and efficiency of delignification, however anthraquinone increased the process selectivity. The addition of ethanol showed positive results in terms of kappa number reduction, rejects reduction and also at the yield improvement. The total solids generated was not affected by the action of additives, but the process as a whole, cooking and oxygen delignification, produced high content of solids generated. The hexenuronic acid content was low and was not affected by any operational factor.
170

Effects of a propionic acid-based additive on short-term ensiling characteristics of corn and on dairy cows performance

Levital, Tamir. January 2006 (has links)
No description available.

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