Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_e_me_botfmvz.pdf: 164174 bytes, checksum: 6f150d388d6d03c51572ae0d22cf79f5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de femeas bovinas de diferentes grupos geneticos no sistema intensivo de producao de carne superprecoce, analisando caracteristicas de desempenho como peso vivo (PV), ganho de peso medio diario (GPMD) e crescimento dos tecido muscular e adiposo atraves de avaliacao da area de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de gordura subcutanea (EGS) do musculo Longissimus dorsi e espessura de gordura subcutanea da garupa (EGG) do musculo Biceps femoris com imagens coletadas por ultra-som em tempo real nos animais vivos no inicio e fim do experimento. Foram utilizadas 42 femeas de 4 grupos geneticos sendo: 12 . Canchim x . Nelore (. CN), 12 . Canchim x . Nelore (. CN), 10 Simbrasil . Simental X . Nelore ( SIMB) e 10 Three-cross . Simental x . Nelore x . Angus (TC) desmamadas aos 210 dias de idade e peso vivo medio de 247,4 }16,5kg provenientes de creep-feeding durante a fase de cria, e confinadas por aproximadamente 132 }14 dias. Os animais foram abatidos, sendo o criterio de abate peso final de 350kg/PV e 5mm de gordura subcutanea. Os animais do grupo Three-cross apresentaram area de olho de lombo final e final ajustada para 100kg/PV inferiores aos demais grupos, porem apresentaram pesos finais superiores aos demais grupos com um tempo intermediario de confinamento e este grupo tambem apresentou os melhores ganhos de peso medio diario (GPMD) 1,07kg/dia (P<0,05). Nao houve diferenca significativa para area de olho de lombo inicial, espessura de gordura subcutanea (EGS) e para espessura de gordura subcutanea da garupa (EGG). Ajustando-se os valores de (EGG) e (AOL) para o menor numero de dias de confinamento onde os animais Three-cross e Simbrasil foram superiores (P<0,05) para (EGG F 114), e Simbrasil superior (P<0,05) para (AOL F 114). / The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of young heifers of different genetic groups in an intensive meat production system. It was used 42 animals of 4 different genetics groups: 12 . Canchim x . Nellore (. CN), 12 . Canchim x . Nellore (. CN), 10 Simbrasil . Simental X . Nellore (SIMB) and 10 Three way cross . Simmental x . Nellore x . Angus (TC). The animals received creep feeding supplementation and were weaned at 210 days of age with 247,4 }16,48kg. It was analyzed the characteristics of body weight (BWG), average daily gain (ADG), muscular and fat tissues growth. Real time ultrasound evaluation was used to measure ribeye area (RBA, Longissimus dorsi muscle), back fat thickness and P8 (Top rump, Biceps femoris) fat thickness. The feeding period was 132 (}14) days in feedlot system while daily gain was measured every 28 days. The animals were slaughtered with the final weight of 350 kg and 5mm of back fat thickness. The Three way cross heifers had smaller final and adjusted at 100 kg/PV ribeye area compared with the others groups. This group also had a greater final body weight, better average daily gain (GPMD), 1,07 kg/day (P<0,05) and an intermediate days of feeding. There was no significant differences for initial ribeye area (AOL), back fat thickness (EGS) and P8 (EGG), but when the values were adjusted for days of feeding, greater values (P<0,05) (EGG F 114) and (P<0,05) (AOL F 114), respectively.

No description available.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of cardiac arrythmia, has been a huge concern of public health. It affects more than 6 million people in the United States and over 33 million people worldwide. In the current standard of care, an electrogram and geometry map is generated by electroanatomic mapping (EAM) using a mapping catheter, to determine the origins of irregular heart rhythm. Followed by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using ablation catheter, the targeted sites are ablated as lesions to change the electrical conduction pathway of abnormal electrogram, thus restoring the patients to normal sinus heart rhythm with minimally invasive procedure. However, a significant proportion of patients suffer from AF recurrences and requires repeated procedures, due to the lack of reliable methods to assess the cardiac structural substrates which are the potential maintaining mechanism of AF signals. In recent years, optical imaging modalities are developed to compensate this limitation, among which near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a catheter-based technique to enable direct, independent characterization of cardiac tissue pathology from spectrum morphology. In this thesis, we validate the capability of NIRS to generate map with repeatability and identify AF substrate to improve the efficacy of treatment. First, a near-infrared imaging spectroscopy was combined with an electromagnetic tracking modality, and the system was operated with high acquisition speed and real-time display to generate high-density map. Further, the robustness of NIRS optical parameters was assessed under blood mapping and various, large catheter-tissue contact angle, to simulate the dynamic circumstance of clinical procedures. A classification algorithm was introduced to predict lesion probability including both PBS and blood data, as well as to evaluate the mapping equivalence of blood and PBS. Next, the spatial resolution and the sampling density requirement of NIRS mapping method was characterized based on small gap, and the spectral properties of gap was assessed comparing to normal tissue and lesion by statistical analysis and machine learning. Lastly, we demonstrate the identification of human left atrial complex substrates using NIRS catheter with different source-detector-separations (SDSs), and reported the spectral features for the AF-related structures such as fibrosis and adipose. To summarize, the catheter-based NIRS technology is robust for in-vivo application and structural target localization, with the potential to enhance the recognition of underlying AF pathology and improve treatment efficacy.

SIRT3, membre de la família d’histona desacetilases anomenades sirtuïnes, es troba principalment al mitocondri de teixits amb alta capacitat oxidativa com el fetge, el múscul, el cor o teixit adipós marró i s’ha suggerit que podria jugar un paper en el metabolisme energètic. Per tal d’aclarir el seu rol en la termogènesi, es van analitzar les alteracions en ratolins SIRT3 -/- en dues condicions de termogènesi augmentada: la transició fetal-neonatal i l’exposició crònica al fred en ratolins adults, així com es va estudiar l’efecte del dejuni en adults SIRT3 -/- , una situació en la qual la termogènesi es troba inhibida. Es van avaluar els possibles trastorns metabòlics i es va procedir a un anàlisi transcriptòmic de l’expressió de gens marcadors de diverses vies metabòliques en el teixit adipós marró i altres teixits dels ratolins SIRT3 -/-. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen alteracions significatives en el període perinatal com a conseqüència de la manca de SIRT3, però no en l’etapa adulta. Concretament s’observa una expressió alterada de gens específics de la termogènesi (uncoupling protein-1, 5’-deiodinasa, PRDM16) al teixit adipós marró en l’etapa perinatal així com de gens implicats en l’oxidació d’àcids grassos (enoil-CoA, hidratasa/3-hidroxiacil CoA deshidrogenasa, acil-CoA oxidasa) al fetge durant l’etapa perinatal. Aquests resultats posen de manifest el potencial paper de SIRT3 en aquestes vies metabòliques i evidencien l’existència de mecanismes homeostàtics durant el desenvolupament post-natal capaços de compensar l’absència de SIRT3 en l’animal adult. D’altra banda, mitjançant l’ús d’adipòcits SIRT3 -/-, vam determinat que SIRT3 és necessària per una resposta apropiada de les cèl•lules a l’activació noradrenèrgica mediada per AMPc de l’expressió de gens termogènics del teixit adipós marró. El co-activador transcripcional PGC1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α) indueix l’expressió de SIRT3 en adipòcits blancs i fibroblasts embrionaris com a part de la inducció global del patró d’expressió gènica específic del teixit adipós marró. A les cèl•lules sense SIRT3, PGC1α no pot induir completament l’expressió de gens termogènics específics de l’adipòcit marró. PGC1α activa la transcripció del gen SIRT3 a través de la coactivació del receptor nuclear orfe ERRα (estrogen-related receptor-α) el qual s’uneix a la regió proximal del promotor del gen SIRT3. Assajos de pèrdua de funció d’ERRα, indiquen que aquest és necessari per a la completa inducció de la l’expressió del gen SIRT3 en resposta a PGC1α. Aquests resultats indiquen que PGC1α controla l’expressió de SIRT3 i que aquesta acció és un component essencial del mecanisme global a través del qual PGC1α indueix la completa adquisició del fenotip d’adipòcit marró diferenciat. / SIRT3 is a member of the sirtuin family of deacetylases present mainly in mitochondria from tissues such as brown adipose tissue, liver, muscle and heart. To gain insight in the role of SIRT3 in thermogenesis, we determined the alterations in mice with targeted invalidation of the SIRT3 gene (SIRT3-/- mice) in two conditions of enhanced thermogenesis: the fetal-to-neonatal transition and chronic exposure of adult mice to cold, an in fasting of adult mice, a condition of depressed thermogenesis. Assessment of overall metabolic disturbances and a transcritomic analysis of the expression of marker genes of distinct metabolic pathways were performed in brown fat and other tissues from SIRT3-/- mice in these conditions. Results indicated significant alterations in the perinatal period but not in adulthood. Impaired expression of specific genes of thermogenesis in perinatal brown fat, and of genes encoding components of the fatty acid oxidation machinery in perinatal liver were observed in SIRT3-/- mice. Results highlight the potential role of SIRT3 in these pathways and evidence the appearance of homeostatic mechanisms during post-natal development capable to compensate for the absence of SIRT3 in the adulthood. Sirt3 is expressed in association with brown adipocyte differentiation. Using Sirt3-null brown adipocytes, we determined that Sirt3 is required for an appropriate responsiveness of cells to noradrenergic, cAMP-mediated activation of the expression of brown adipose tissue thermogenic genes. The transcriptional coactivator Pgc-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 α) induced Sirt3 gene expression in white adipocytes and embryonic fibroblasts as part of its overall induction of a brown adipose tissue-specific pattern of gene expression. In cells lacking Sirt3, Pgc-1α failed to fully induce the expression of brown fat-specific thermogenic genes. Pgc-1α activates Sirt3 gene transcription through coactivation of the orphan nuclear receptor Err (estrogen-related receptor)- α, which bound the proximal Sirt3 gene promoter region. Errα knockdown assays indicated that Errα is required for full induction of Sirt3 gene expression in response to Pgc-1 α. The present study indicates that Pgc-1α controls Sirt3 gene expression and this action is an essential component of the overall mechanisms by which Pgc-1α induces the full acquisition of a brown adipocyte differentiated phenotype.

A world-wide series of epidemiological studies has demonstrated that there is an association between being born small and the risk of visceral obesity, a more central deposition of subcutaneous fat and insulin resistance in adult life. In the lamb, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in a low birth weight and an increased visceral fat mass by 45d of postnatal life. In this thesis I have investigated the effect of IUGR on adipose tissue development and function during fetal and early postnatal life in the sheep. IUGR was induced by removal of the majority of endometrial caruncles in non pregnant ewes prior to mating which resulted in the subsequent placental restriction of fetal growth (PR). Fetal blood samples were collected from 116d gestation and visceral perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) collected from PR and control fetuses at 145d. In lambs IUGR was defined as a birth weight less than 2 standard deviations below the mean of a cohort of singleton Merino lambs. Blood samples were collected throughout the first 3 weeks of life and PAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was collected at 21 d. It was determined whether IUGR alters the expression of genes which regulate adipogenesis (IGF1, IGFR1, IGF2, IGFR2, PPARy, and RXRα), adipocyte metabolism (LPL, G3PDH, GAPDH) and adipokine signalling (leptin, adiponectin) in adipose tissue depots before and after birth using qRT-PCR. PR fetuses were hypoglycaemic, hypoinsulinaemic, hypoxic, and had a lower body weight than Control fetuses. The expression of both IGF1 and leptin mRNA in PAT, the major fetal adipose depot, was lower in the PR fetuses, although there was no difference in the expression of other adipokine or adipogenic genes in PAT between PR and control fetuses. Thus restriction of placental and hence fetal substrate supply results in decreased IGF1 and leptin expression in fetal visceral adipose tissue which may alter the functional development of the perirenal fat depot and contribute to altered leptin signalling in the growth restricted newborn and the subsequent emergence of an increased visceral adiposity. At 21d of postnatal life there was no increase in the relative mass of perirenal or subcutaneous fat in IUGR lambs compared with controls. Thus, this study has investigated the effect of IUGR on the development of adipose tissue prior to the development of an obese phenotype. At 21d of life there was a sex specific effect of IUGR on the expression of PPARy and leptin mRNA in perirenal visceral fat such that PPARy and leptin mRNA expression was decreased in male IUGR lambs, but not females. Interestingly PAT mass was greater in females than males, independent of birth weight. Plasma insulin concentrations during the first 24h after birth predicted the size of the adipocytes and expression of adiponectin in visceral adipose tissue in both males and females at 21d. Thus, the nutritional environment before, and immediately after birth, may program adipocyte growth and gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. The differential effect of sex and birth weight on PPARy and leptin expression in visceral fat may be important in the subsequent development of visceral obesity and the insulin resistant phenotype in later life. At 21d of life there was no difference between Control and IUGR lambs in the relative mass of subcutaneous fat, or the expression of PPARy, RXRα, leptin, adiponectin, LPL, G3PDH, and GAPDH in subcutaneous fat at 21d of life. We have shown that the growth of the subcutaneous fat depot is related to plasma glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations, and to the development of perirenal fat. Thus, in contrast to perirenal adipose tissue, the postnatal, but not the fetal nutritional environment, programs subcutaneous adipocyte growth and gene expression. This thesis speculates that there may be a factor secreted from visceral fat that influences the development of the subcutaneous fat depot. At 21d of life there was also an effect of sex, but not IUGR, on the expression of IGF mRNA in adipose tissue. Male lambs had a higher expression of IGF1 mRNA in both PAT and SAT, and a higher expression of IGF1R and IGF2R in SAT compared with female lambs. It is likely that these differences in IGF mRNA levels reflect sexual dimorphism of the GH-IGF axis. When male and female lambs were combined there was a higher expression of IGF1 mRNA in SAT compared with PAT, and a higher expression of IGF2, IGF1R and IGF2R mRNA in PAT compared with SAT. These differences in IGF mRNA expression provide a potential mechanism to explain the sex and depot specific variations in mitogenic potency of IGF1 and proliferative capacities of preadipocytes, the regional variation in adipocyte metabolism, and the difference in incidence of visceral obesity between men and women in adult life. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1347421 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2008

A world-wide series of epidemiological studies has demonstrated that there is an association between being born small and the risk of visceral obesity, a more central deposition of subcutaneous fat and insulin resistance in adult life. In the lamb, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in a low birth weight and an increased visceral fat mass by 45d of postnatal life. In this thesis I have investigated the effect of IUGR on adipose tissue development and function during fetal and early postnatal life in the sheep. IUGR was induced by removal of the majority of endometrial caruncles in non pregnant ewes prior to mating which resulted in the subsequent placental restriction of fetal growth (PR). Fetal blood samples were collected from 116d gestation and visceral perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) collected from PR and control fetuses at 145d. In lambs IUGR was defined as a birth weight less than 2 standard deviations below the mean of a cohort of singleton Merino lambs. Blood samples were collected throughout the first 3 weeks of life and PAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was collected at 21 d. It was determined whether IUGR alters the expression of genes which regulate adipogenesis (IGF1, IGFR1, IGF2, IGFR2, PPARy, and RXRα), adipocyte metabolism (LPL, G3PDH, GAPDH) and adipokine signalling (leptin, adiponectin) in adipose tissue depots before and after birth using qRT-PCR. PR fetuses were hypoglycaemic, hypoinsulinaemic, hypoxic, and had a lower body weight than Control fetuses. The expression of both IGF1 and leptin mRNA in PAT, the major fetal adipose depot, was lower in the PR fetuses, although there was no difference in the expression of other adipokine or adipogenic genes in PAT between PR and control fetuses. Thus restriction of placental and hence fetal substrate supply results in decreased IGF1 and leptin expression in fetal visceral adipose tissue which may alter the functional development of the perirenal fat depot and contribute to altered leptin signalling in the growth restricted newborn and the subsequent emergence of an increased visceral adiposity. At 21d of postnatal life there was no increase in the relative mass of perirenal or subcutaneous fat in IUGR lambs compared with controls. Thus, this study has investigated the effect of IUGR on the development of adipose tissue prior to the development of an obese phenotype. At 21d of life there was a sex specific effect of IUGR on the expression of PPARy and leptin mRNA in perirenal visceral fat such that PPARy and leptin mRNA expression was decreased in male IUGR lambs, but not females. Interestingly PAT mass was greater in females than males, independent of birth weight. Plasma insulin concentrations during the first 24h after birth predicted the size of the adipocytes and expression of adiponectin in visceral adipose tissue in both males and females at 21d. Thus, the nutritional environment before, and immediately after birth, may program adipocyte growth and gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. The differential effect of sex and birth weight on PPARy and leptin expression in visceral fat may be important in the subsequent development of visceral obesity and the insulin resistant phenotype in later life. At 21d of life there was no difference between Control and IUGR lambs in the relative mass of subcutaneous fat, or the expression of PPARy, RXRα, leptin, adiponectin, LPL, G3PDH, and GAPDH in subcutaneous fat at 21d of life. We have shown that the growth of the subcutaneous fat depot is related to plasma glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations, and to the development of perirenal fat. Thus, in contrast to perirenal adipose tissue, the postnatal, but not the fetal nutritional environment, programs subcutaneous adipocyte growth and gene expression. This thesis speculates that there may be a factor secreted from visceral fat that influences the development of the subcutaneous fat depot. At 21d of life there was also an effect of sex, but not IUGR, on the expression of IGF mRNA in adipose tissue. Male lambs had a higher expression of IGF1 mRNA in both PAT and SAT, and a higher expression of IGF1R and IGF2R in SAT compared with female lambs. It is likely that these differences in IGF mRNA levels reflect sexual dimorphism of the GH-IGF axis. When male and female lambs were combined there was a higher expression of IGF1 mRNA in SAT compared with PAT, and a higher expression of IGF2, IGF1R and IGF2R mRNA in PAT compared with SAT. These differences in IGF mRNA expression provide a potential mechanism to explain the sex and depot specific variations in mitogenic potency of IGF1 and proliferative capacities of preadipocytes, the regional variation in adipocyte metabolism, and the difference in incidence of visceral obesity between men and women in adult life. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1347421 / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2008

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from PDF of title page (viewed July 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-39).

Ce travail de thèse propose d’examiner l’intérêt de la volatolomique pour révéler dans le foie, le plasma et le tissu adipeux des composés organiques volatils (COVs) marqueurs d’exposition des animaux d’élevage aux micropolluants. Des développements méthodologiques ont d’abord été réalisés pour lever deux principaux verrous à l’application de la volatolomique. Un premier volet de ce travail méthodologique a ainsi permis de proposer des conditions d’extraction par microextraction en phase solide à la fois efficace, fidèle et reproductible pour l’analyse du volatolome de matrices biologiques complexes. Une comparaison de trois méthodes chimiométriques non-supervisées- l’Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP), l’Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes (ACI) et l’Analyse en Composantes Communes (ACC) – a montré ensuite l’intérêt de l’ACC pour révéler des différences volatolomiques et identifier des marqueurs candidats pour chaque type d’exposition.En s’appuyant sur ces développements, un second volet de ce travail a permis d’évaluer l’intérêt de la volatolomique pour tracer l’exposition des animaux d’élevage à différents types de micropolluants. Cette recherche a confirmé la pertinence de l’analyse volatolomique du foie et a montré que le plasma pouvait permettre également un diagnostic ouvrant la voie à des contrôles in vivo de l’exposition animale. Les résultats montrent également une complémentarité informative entre les deux matrices biologiques. En revanche, le potentiel informatif de l’analyse du volatolome de tissus adipeux s’est révélé beaucoup plus limité, l’étude ne permettant pas d’identifier le moindre marqueur d’exposition. Ainsi, si la robustesse de ces marqueurs est validée par des travaux ultérieurs, ces résultats ouvrent la voie à un diagnostic de l’exposition animale aux micropolluants à l’abattoir ou sur le lieu d’élevage. / The present study proposes to examine the relevance of liver, plasma and adipose tissue volatolomics to detect volatile organic compound (VOC) markers of animal exposure to micropollutants. Methodological developments were first carried to solve two main limits to the application of volatolomics. A first part of this methodological development enabled the determination of the efficient, accurate and reproducible solid phase microextraction conditions for the analysis of the volatolome in complex biological matrices. Then, a comparison of three unsupervised chemometric methods - Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Independent Components Analysis (ICA) and Common Components Analysis (CCA) - highlighted the potential of CCA for the determination of volatolomic differences in VOC profiles and for the identification of candidate VOC markers for each contamination.Based on these methodological developments, the second part of this work studied the potential of liver, plasma and adipose tissue volatolomics to back-trace animal exposure to different types of micropolluants. These results confirmed the relevance of the volatolomic analysis of the liver and showed that the plasma could also of interest, opening the way to in vivo controls of animal exposure to micropollutants. Moreover, the results demonstrated the complementarity of the biological matrices. The informative potential of the volatolome analysis of adipose tissue is much more limited, as the study did not lead to the identification of any marker of exposure. If the robustness of these candidate markers is validated by further studies, these results pave the way for the diagnosis of animal exposure to micropollutants in slaughterhouse and during animal breeding.

O tecido adiposo já foi considerado um tecido metabolicamente pouco ativo, no entanto, os mais recentes avanços mostram que ele desempenha uma função importante no controle da homeostase energética. Baseado neste conceito, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar o perfil morfológico e metabólico de adipócitos isolados de três diferentes coxins adiposos, subcutâneo, peri-epididimal, retro-peritoneal (SC, PE e RP respectivamente). Os adipócitos dos diferentes coxins foram coletados e submetidos a análise morfológica, aos ensaios metabólicos e análise da expressão de enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo lipídico e glicídico. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa no volume dos adipócitos das três regiões entre si (p<0,05), maior capacidade lipogênica dos adipócitos RP. Paralelamente, o tecido SC, mostrou maior expressão de enzimas envolvidas na via lipogênica (p< 0,05; SC vs PE e RP). / The adipose tissue was considered to be a little active metabolic tissue, however, the most recent advances show that it plays an important function in the control of the energy homostasis. Based on this concept, this work aimed to characterize the morphology and metabolism of isolated adipocytes of three different depots, like: subcutaneous, periepididymal, retroperitoneal (SC, PE and RP) . The adipocytes of the different depots had been collected and submitted to morphologic analysis, metabolic assays and to analysis of the enzymes expressions involved on lipids and glucose metabolism. The results showed statistical significant difference on volume of the adipocytes among the three different depots (p< 0, 05), high lipogenic capacity of RP adipocytes and higher expression of proteins involved in lipogenic patways of SC adipocytes (p<0, 05).

Ho, Kwok Wa. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-65). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter I / Chapter 1.1. --- Thromboxane A2 (TP) Receptors --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Gene structure of human TP receptors --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Isoforms of TP receptor --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Distribution and expression of TP receptors in human --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.4. --- Signal transduction of TP receptors --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.5. --- Major agonists of TP receptor in animals and humans --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.5.1. --- Thromboxane A2 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.5.2. --- Prostaglandin H2 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6. --- Functional studies: effect of TP receptor activation and blockade on vascular tone and atherosclerosis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.6.1. --- Effect of TP receptor activation --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.6.1.1. --- On vaso-contraction --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.6.1.2. --- On vaso-relaxation --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.6.2. --- Effect of TP receptor blockade --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.6.2.1. --- On endothelium dependent vaso-contraction --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.6.2.2. --- On animal models related to atherosclerosis --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.7. --- Objectives of current study --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2. --- Periadventitial Adipose (Fat) Tissue --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- "General function, distribution and classification of fat" --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Representative endocrine/paracrine role of adipose tissues --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2.1. --- Leptin --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2.2. --- Angiotensinogen --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Functional studies on vessels with periadventital fat attached -The beginning of the story of adipcyte-derived relaxing factor (ADRF) --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- Mechanisms behind the action of ADRF --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.3.1. --- Nature of ADRF --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.3.2. --- The mechanisms controlling the release of ADRF --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.3.3. --- Proposed mechanisms explaining the anti-contractile effect mediated by ADRF --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.4. --- Objectives of current study --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter II / Chapter 2.1. --- Tissue Preparation --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Preparation of blood vessels --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Procedures to remove the endothelium --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2. --- The Organ Bath Setups --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3. --- Calculation of Results --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Calculation of active tension --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Measurement of dry weight of arterial rings --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Measurement of the weight for periadventitial fat --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- Statistic analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4. --- Chemicals and Solutions --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- Chemicals --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Solutions --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter III --- Stimulation of TP receptors by U46619 inhibits cGMP dependent vaso-relaxation --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1. --- Detail methods and materials --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- "Safety announcement, tissue preparation and materials" --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Protocol --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.1.1. --- PartI --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.1.2. --- Part II --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1.1.3. --- Part III --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2. --- Results --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Effect of U46619 on vaso-relaxation --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Effect of Rho kinase and phosphodiesterase inhibitor on the inhibitory effect of U46619 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- The effect of low concentration of U46619 on vaso-relaxation --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3. --- Discussion --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Implication of the current study --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Formulated Theory --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Effect of periadventitial fat on anti-relaxation effect induced by U46619 - A preliminary test --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1. --- Detail methods and materials --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- "Safety announcement, tissue preparation and materials" --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Protocol --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.2.1. --- Part I --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.2.2. --- Part II --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2.3. --- Part III --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2.4. --- Part IV --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2. --- Results --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Effect of periadventitial fat on vaso-relaxation of rings contracted by phenylephrine --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Effect of periadventitial fat on vaso-relaxation of rings contracted by U46619 plus phenylephrine --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Effect of S18886 on vaso-relaxation in endothelium removed rings --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.4. --- Effect of elevated extracellular potassium ions on vaso-relaxation --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3. --- Discussion --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Implication of current study --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Improvements and future perspectives of current study --- p.58 / Summary --- p.59 / References --- p.60