Nuo to, kaip elgiasi individas priklauso, kokia bus jo sveikata. Sveikatai žalingas elgesys turi daug formų: alkoholio, tabako, kitų narkotinių medžiagų vartojimas, neatsakingas ar per ankstyvas lytinis aktyvumas. Tyrėjai yra pastebėję, jog lytinės brandos pradžia ir alkoholio vartojimas padidėjęs depresiškumas, ankstyvas seksualinis gyvenimas turi glaudžių sąsajų. Darbo tikslas – ištirti ankstyvosios lytinės brandos ir draugų elgesio sąsajas su sveikatai žalingu elgesiu paauglystėje. Palyginti ankstyvosios lytinės brandos paauglių, turinčių draugų, kuriems būdingas sveikatai žalingas elgesys, elgesį, su tokių draugų turinčių, kito lytinės brandos statuso paauglių elgesiu. Tyrime naudotas Jessor R. modifikuotas probleminio elgesio klausimynas, bei lytinio brendimo skalė. Tyrime dalyvavo 198 (84 berniukai ir 114 mergaitės) 14 – 19 metų tiriamieji amžius. Iš jų 50 buvo priskirti ankstyvosios lytinės bandos grupei. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog sveikatai žalingas elgesys yra labiau būdingas berniukams negu mergaitėms, taip pat, kad ankstyvoji lytinė branda turi mažai sąsajų su sveikatai žalingo elgesio pasireiškimu ir tai, jog yra daugiau sąsajų tarp draugų elgesio ir sveikatai žalingo elgesio pasireiškimo, negu tarp sveikatai žalingo elgesio pasireiškimo ir ankstyvosios lytinės brandos. / Pubertal processes have a major effect on physical, psychological, and social development. Early pubertal timing is associated with early initiation of alcohol, sexual behaviour, drug use and deviance in adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between pubertal statuses, peer behaviour and health behaviour in adolescence. Children reported their pubertal development status and timing using a self-report Pubertal Development Scale and Jessor R. questionnaire of Problem Behaviour. There were 198 (84 boys and 98 girls) investigate in the study. The findings demonstrated that boys were more likely than girls to use alcohol, drugs and have early sexual intercourse. There were no associations between puberty, peer behaviour and health behaviour, but there are association between peer behaviour and health behaviour.

Originally developed as an anti-depressant and later available as a ‘party-pill’ in New Zealand, methylone is currently classed as an illegal drug. This is due to findings of its similarity in chemical structure to that of Ecstasy (MDMA). Methylone is a relatively new drug into which little research has been conducted. Consequently, no known study has investigated the long-term effects on behavioural development arising from exposure during adolescence. The present thesis therefore aimed to identify long-term effects of chronic adolescent exposure to methylone on adult anxiety-like behaviours. This was achieved by the use of 80 rats (40 males: 40 females) and exposing them to either a methylone or saline treatment for ten consecutive days. Two different treatment age groups (early versus late adolescence) were examined and to ensure adequate comparisons could be made, two control groups were utilised. All rats were tested during adulthood in four specifically selected anxiety-measure tests; the open-field, preference for the light side of a light-dark box, acoustic startle and responsiveness to the novel arm of a Y-maze. The results suggested methylone-exposed rats displayed more anxiolytic behaviours than saline-treated rats. In the open field methylone exposed rats exhibited less ambulation than controls and those treated in early adolescence defecated more while rats treated in late adolescence occupied the corners of the apparatus more exhibiting higher anxiety-like behaviours. Exploratory behaviours in the Y-maze were decreased in methylone-treated rats, and those exposed in early adolescence entered the novel arm less often. However, acoustic startle results suggested methylone-exposed rats were less anxious as evidenced by a lower startle amplitude than controls. Overall, the results suggested differences in anxiety-like behaviours between methylone-exposed rats and controls. It did not appear that being exposed to methylone in early adolescence resulted in vast differences in anxiety-like behaviours than if exposure began in late adolescence.

The current study is the first of its kind in Australia. It is breaking new ground therefore and is exploratory in nature. Attention is focused on the variables influencing the vocational decision-making of highly-able adolescent girls in Victoria, Australia. / This is a complex study and the design incorporates both quantitative and qualitative data collection spanning a six year period. The importance of this study lies in the of research strategy of identifying and examining different educational settings and application of the findings from the first two studies (n=112) to a very specific educational setting in Study Three (n=14). / The external socializers of family, friends and the media as well as the internal dimensions of self-esteem, aspirations and interest have been investigated systematically through three interrelated but independent studies. A combination of methodologies has been employed to identify those variables that might, over time, influence the vocational decisions of these young women. / It is an accumulation of the young women’s perceptions and self-report using questionnaires, formal inventories and interviews. The data collection was progressive and the information gathering procedures included inventories of self-esteem and vocational preference, questionnaires completed by the subjects, interviews as well as anecdotal comments made by the students. Overall the analysis in this study depended on an interpretation of aggregated data employing simple frequency counts, cross tabulations and t-tests which described observations, explored relationships and identified differences between the two groups, high-ability and control, on the variables selected. A matrix enabled a triangulation of the data, both quantitative and qualitative. The data were coded to determine constant themes and to identify important influences and trends across a time frame. Different cases were compared and patterns which emerged were then analysed. / In Study One the high-ability cohort differentiated from the controls in three major areas. These were in their aspirations, self-esteem and the relative influences of parents, especially father. Although the high-ability girls in Study Two had made vocational choices commensurate with their interests identified in the VPI these choices were by no means stable over the six-year period. Both the home and school environment were found to have impacted on these collective factors as they modified and developed vocational interest. In Study Three the findings of the earlier studies were applied to a very specific cohort with important differences identified in the areas of self-esteem and subject choice. The environmental contexts of home and school again proved to be salient. The dissimilar contextual experiences of the high-ability cohort were found to impact on their vocational choices and their subsequent career trajectories in a different way to that of the non-gifted schoolgirl. / Based on this study, a model of vocational choice informed by the findings has been proposed.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-229).

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur skolsköterskor ser på sitt uppdrag och vad de anser ingår i deras uppgifter. Metoden var en enkät- och intervjustudie med en kvalitativ ansats, för att på detta sätt kunna få en fördjupad förståelse för upplevelser och erfarenheter. Resultatet visade att hälsosamtal är något som alla skolsköterskor arbetar med, vilket innebär en kartläggning av elevernas medicinska, fysiska och psykiska hälsa. Att arbeta förebyggande mot enbart psykisk ohälsa är inget som skolsköterskorna anger prioriteras på grund av exempelvis tidsbrist, vilket flera upplever som en svårighet i arbetet. Den slutsats som kan dras från undersökningen är att skolsköterskor upplever att de ingår många uppgifter i deras uppdrag och att de skulle behöva mer utbildning inom vissa områden. Utifrån denna studie skulle det vara intressant att intervjua rektorer för att undersöka hur de ser på skolsköterskornas uppdrag eftersom det är de som har huvudansvaret för elevhälsan.

No description available.

Smoking in childhood and adolescence is associated with a range of health issues, as is the exposure of young people to the second hand smoke of their parents and other family members. The initiation of smoking in adolescence is also associated with an increased risk of smoking in adulthood and all the subsequent health problems that are attached to this. Whilst smoking rates in adolescent have fallen in recent years there remains a significant number of adolescent who initiate smoking every year, and this risk is higher in certain groups such as those from areas of low socio-economic status. Under-age adolescents also continue to be able to obtain cigarettes despite recent changes in legislation and availability. Social influence has been identified as a major causal factor of initiation of adolescent smoking. This can take place in a number of settings, including the home, at school and in the community. Whilst the evidence for the relative effects of these sources of influence is mixed there is an overall lack of research in the UK on familial influences and factors. A survey of 100 adolescents was conducted for the current study at a local college and included items on smoking behaviour, family structure and several other factors. No overall significant effects of parental attitudes were found. However in light of the existing literature recommendations are made to further research family and home influences and to develop anti-smoking health education strategies which more fully take these factors into account.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

The research project evolved from my concerns and those of parents and teachers about students’ inability to regulate their smartphone use in schools. A preliminary review of literature revealed growing concerns worldwide about adolescent smartphone dependence which was affecting students’ academic and social development, amongst many others. It also revealed the area of adolescents’ smartphone dependence to be scantly researched especially in developing countries. Hence, this study. The purpose of the study was to explore levels of smartphone dependence in adolescents at a private school in Myanmar. The study was set in a social constructivist framework and the methodology was qualitative in nature, incorporating a literature review. Participants were purposively selected. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The study found that the level of smartphone use at the school was a cause of concern for the stakeholders; adolescents at the target school could be considered dependent on their smartphones. Recommendations to reduce the adolescents’ total screen time were made. Further studies into the management of children’s smartphone use were recommended. / Educational Foundations / M. Ed. (Comparative Education)