No description available.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap kring förskolebarns syn på sin utomhusmiljö i relation till vuxnas närvaro och miljöns möjligheter till utveckling, lek och lärande. Insamling av empirisk data grundade sig i två steg, fotografering av förskolegårdarna utförd av barnen själva och kvalitativa intervjuer med utgångspunkt i bilderna och semistrukturerade frågor. Empirin har analyserats genom att insamlat material från de båda källorna vägts samman. Den utvecklingspedagogiska teorin stöttar analysen med fokus på begreppen variation, mångfald, riktadhet, erfarande och metakognition. I resultatet synliggjordes förskolebarns uppfattningar om vuxnas närvaro utomhus och utemiljöns egna möjligheter till utveckling, lek och lärande. Beroende på utomhusmiljöns utformning bidrog den till olika erfaranden som ledde till lärande med fokus på naturkunskap, motorik och sociala färdigheter. Vuxna som arbetade på förskolan sågs av förskolebarn som frånvarande i leken, samtidigt som det av barnen uttrycktes en efterfrågan av ökad vuxennärvaro. Slutsatsen av resultatet kopplad till de teoretiska utgångspunkterna var att undervisning genom riktadhet och metakognitiva dialoger uteblev utomhus. Utomhusmiljön i sig själv gav samtidigt stora möjligheter till erfarande och lärande inom naturvetenskapliga ämnen samt sociala och motoriska färdigheter.

[pt] O reconhecimento de sinais precoces do autismo é crucial para o encaminhamento de crianças à intervenção precoce. Um corpo de conhecimento consistente de sinais de risco no segundo ano de vida foi estabelecido a partir de estudos retrospectivos de vídeos familiares. A identificação de sinais de risco no primeiro ano de vida passou a ser um desafio na área de autismo. A metodologia utilizada na busca de tais sinais é de acompanhamento prospectivo de bebês de risco, irmãos de crianças com autismo, por terem chances aumentadas de diagnóstico. O presente estudo prospectivo de casos múltiplos teve o objetivo de acompanhar o desenvolvimento de dois bebês de risco entre 3 e 12 meses, compará-lo ao de dois bebês sem histórico familiar de autismo, e identificar diferenças no desenvolvimento deles que pudessem sinalizar risco de autismo. Estes bebês foram filmados mensalmente em interações sociais com um adulto que foram analisadas de acordo com categorias afetivas, interativas e manejo. Narrativas históricas do desenvolvimento deles foram elaboradas. Os resultados da análise das categorias não mostraram diferenças entre os bebês. Entretanto, as narrativas históricas mostraram que, entre 8 e 12 meses, um dos bebês de risco teve dificuldade de igualar a intensidade de seu afeto com a intensidade do afeto do adulto e de rastrear a face do adulto durante jogo de esconder a face. Aos 21 meses este bebê foi encaminhado preventivamente para intervenção precoce. O uso de categorias afetivas e análise qualitativa da equiparação do afeto do bebê com o do adulto na avaliação de bebês de risco e em protocolos de rastreamento de autismo é discutido. / [en] Recognition of early signs of autism is crucial to early intervention. Signs of autism in the second year of life have already been established through retrospective home video studies of children diagnosed with autism. On the aim of having infants reaching intervention earlier than two years old, research has been conducted with a promising methodology. It consisted of following prospectively development of high risk infants. Since autism diagnosis is more frequent in younger siblings of children with autism, they are considered to be at increased risk for the disorder. On the other hand, infants without family history of autism are considered to be at low risk for autism. In the present prospective multiple case study, development of two high risk infants were followed during the first year and compared to development of two low risk infants. Interactions of these infants with an adult were recorded in video monthly. These videos were analyzed according to affective, interactive and coping categories. Historical narratives of interactions from 3 to 12 months were conducted as well. Results of categories analysis did not showed differences among infants of both groups. Interestingly, historical narratives showed that, between 8 and 12 month, one of the high risk infants had difficulties in matching his affect intensity with affect intensity of his interactive partner and also on tracking adults face during peek-a-boo game. At 21 months this infant was preventively referred to early intervention. Implications of using affective categories and affective matching in assessing high risk infants as well as in screening instruments are discussed.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / Parents are important in the socialization of children to develop into adjusted adults. Parenting is a developmental process and encourages the child to become an independent adult in society, an adult who is pro-social rather than anti-social. The main aim of parenting is to control the behavior of the child, but as the child matures the approach is more of monitoring and supervision rather than control. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of parental psychological control during the phase of emerging adulthood and this will be associated with the anti-social behavior of emerging adults. A quantitative methodological approach was used to conduct the study. A sample of 382 participants aged 18 to 25 years were randomly stratified across the departments in the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (CHS). The Parental Psychological Control (Barber, 1996) and the Anti-Social Behavior (Achenbach and Edelbrock, 1987) questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results show a significant positive relationship between perceived psychologically controlling parenting and antisocial behavior of emerging adults. Furthermore, antisocial behavior is also positively predicted by both mother and father psychological control, with mothers being significantly more psychologically controlling than fathers. When comparing males and females, males engaged significantly more in antisocial activities than females; males also found fathers to be more psychologically controlling. Implications for further research are suggested. / South Africa

<p>Parents are important in the socialization of children to develop into adjusted adults. Parenting is a developmental process and encourages the child to become an independent adult in society, an adult who is pro-social rather than anti-social. The main aim of parenting is to control the behaviour of the child, but as the child matures the approach is more of monitoring and supervision rather than control. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of parental psychological control during the phase of emerging adulthood and this will be associated with the anti-social behaviour of emerging adults. A quantitative methodological approach was used to conduct the study. A sample of 382 participants aged 18 to 25 years were randomly stratified across the departments in the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (CHS). The Parental Psychological Control (Barber, 1996) and the Anti-Social Behaviour (Achenbach and Edelbrock, 1987) questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analysed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results show a significant positive relationship between perceived psychologically controlling parenting and antisocial behaviour of emerging adults. Furthermore, antisocial behaviour is also positively predicted by both mother and father psychological control, with mothers being significantly more psychologically controlling than fathers. When comparing males and females, males engaged significantly more in antisocial activities than females / males also found fathers to be more psychologically controlling. Implications for further research are suggested.</p>

<p>Parents are important in the socialization of children to develop into adjusted adults. Parenting is a developmental process and encourages the child to become an independent adult in society, an adult who is pro-social rather than anti-social. The main aim of parenting is to control the behaviour of the child, but as the child matures the approach is more of monitoring and supervision rather than control. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of parental psychological control during the phase of emerging adulthood and this will be associated with the anti-social behaviour of emerging adults. A quantitative methodological approach was used to conduct the study. A sample of 382 participants aged 18 to 25 years were randomly stratified across the departments in the Faculty of Community and Health Sciences (CHS). The Parental Psychological Control (Barber, 1996) and the Anti-Social Behaviour (Achenbach and Edelbrock, 1987) questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analysed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results show a significant positive relationship between perceived psychologically controlling parenting and antisocial behaviour of emerging adults. Furthermore, antisocial behaviour is also positively predicted by both mother and father psychological control, with mothers being significantly more psychologically controlling than fathers. When comparing males and females, males engaged significantly more in antisocial activities than females / males also found fathers to be more psychologically controlling. Implications for further research are suggested.</p>