Growing evidence of the health risks associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has prompted public health and community initiatives to promote awareness, detection, and responses that are trauma informed. Nationwide programs to integrate trauma-informed care into education, health care, and child serving agencies, have thus far led to the proposal and advancement of trauma-informed policies and practices in many communities. While Mississippi agencies include trauma-specific intervention and training, statewide ACEs initiatives and relevant data are still limited. This project aimed to contribute to the larger goal of a statewide trauma-informed paradigm shift, by increasing ACEs awareness and developing recommendations for the integration of such research into programs aimed at serving vulnerable populations. Sixty-one child-serving professionals participated in adversity and resilience training (ART), a 3-hour workshop addressing childhood adversity, traumatic stress, resilience, and secondary traumatization. Outcomes measured were changes in trauma knowledge, trauma informed attitudes, attributions regarding difficult child-behaviors, and secondary trauma knowledge and self-care. Participants also provided ratings on a training evaluation survey. There were significant changes in trauma knowledge (F(1,22) = 6.418, p = .000, ηρ2 = .226) and trauma-informed attitudes (F(1,22) = 11.014, p = .003, ηρ2 = .334) between pre- and post-training. Training evaluations were generally positive (M = 4.61, SD = 0.13, on a 1 to 5 Likert scale). The current study contributes to the research an evaluation of a training intervention that offers feasible strategies for scalable training and assessment of outcomes.

Adverse childhood experiences, known as ACEs, have been shown to negatively impact an individual’s health as an adult. While efforts to decrease children’s exposure to these traumatic experiences are beneficial, they are not able to fully eliminate these experiences and do not address how to help children who have already been exposed. Resilience, which has been defined as managing and adapting to significant sources of trauma, has been thought to be a protective factor against the toxic stress of ACEs. While the relationship between ACEs and poor health outcomes has been established, the relationship between resilience and health outcomes is largely unknown.  This study seeks to determine the association between resilience scores on a validated resilience questionnaire and health outcomes in adolescents. Looking specifically at body mass index, blood pressure, and depression scores on a validated depression screen we hypothesize that higher resilience scores will be associated with better health outcomes. In addition, we examine the relationship between ACE scores and resilience scores. If this validated resilience instrument is able to help predict health outcomes, this can direct development of intervention programs to build resilience in those living in ACE-heavy environments. / Urban Bioethics

Throughout the past several decades, research regarding counselor resilience has shifted from a pathology-based to a strengths-based approach. As a result, researchers have moved away from primarily identifying risk factors and now focus on protective factors. Researchers have found that social supports serve as a protective factor in counselor resilience. However, there is a lack of understanding of how counselors receive that social support, specifically after a professional adverse event. Professional adverse events are common given the nature of counseling work. For example, undesirable occurrences such as client suicide, attempted suicide, life threatening illnesses, accidents, overdose, or loss of a child are considered professional adverse events. This study explored how ten professional counselors experienced social support following professional adverse events. Three themes emerged from these counselors' stories: difficulty seeking support, misplaced support, and acts of kindness. Implications for counselors include honoring both confidentiality and their own humanness, the cultivating co-regulating relationships, and reinforcing acts of kindness. Counselor educators and supervisors can foster counselor resilience by using the implications to teach counselors how to invite effective social support. / Doctor of Philosophy / Being a counselor can be both challenging and rewarding. Given the heavy caseloads and complexity of cases, it is common for counselors to experience adverse professional events. Research shows that protective factors serve as a buffer against stress. Social support is a protective factor that assists counselors in maintaining wellness and building resiliency. This study explored how professional counselors received support from interpersonal relationships following a professional adverse event. Findings from this study indicate the importance of counselors honoring their own humanness while protecting the client’s confidentiality, the importance of having co-regulating relationships, and the healing power of acts of kindness.

In order to ensure clean drinking water for all, it is crucial to understand potential upland stressors that compromise the quality of source waters treated by local community water systems (CWSs). Contamination associated with specific types of land cover can result in downstream water quality degradation, which may reduce the effectiveness of treatment by CWSs. Surface mining has been hypothesized as a source of drinking water degradation within the Central Appalachian region, which may result in adverse exposures and health disparities. The purpose of this study was to identify potential correlations between land cover and adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) through the application of watershed epidemiology, an emerging environmental health paradigm. Birth records for the Central Appalachian region were acquired from their respective state health departments from 2001 to 2015: each record contained the mother's street address, outcome variables, and covariates. Records were included in later analyses if they fell within an approximated CWS service area. Contributing land cover to each CWS was determined via previously delineated watersheds that relied on CWS intake points. A binomial generalized linear model was used to compare low birth weight (LBW), term low birth rate (tLBW), and preterm birth (PTB) incidence to CWS source watershed land cover, Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) violations, CWS size, and covariates related to the birth records. Source watershed mining and SDWA health based (HB) violations were significantly associated with greater risks for preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). Future work should be conducted to explore upstream flow impacts, address missing data in the birth records, and to more accurately represent CWS service areas to better characterize exposure. / Master of Science / Millions of individuals throughout the world are sickened by waterborne exposures every year. To ensure clean drinking water long-term, it is crucial to understand how human land cover might change the water quality of source watersheds, as this may impact the effectiveness of water treatment and increase adverse human health exposures. The goal of this effort is to understand whether land cover is linked to downstream adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) in Central Appalachia, a region of the United States previously associated with high disease incidence suspected to be partially linked to environmental exposure. Birth records were acquired for the years of 2001 to 2015 from four (VA, WV, TN, KY) respective state health departments. Each record contained the mother's address, outcome variables, and covariates (e.g., race, ethnicity). Births were located within approximate service areas for 140 surface water dependent community water systems (CWS) within the region. Data from each CWS, including weighted land cover proportions for their source watershed, were merged with the birth records according to approximate service areas. Statistical analysis suggested that higher source watershed levels of mining and urban development were associated with higher risks of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). The number of health based (HB) violations associated with each CWS was also associated with both of these outcomes. Major limitations of this work include birth record data gaps and the lack of publicly available CWS service areas and/or water consumption rates, which does increase the risk of exposure misclassification.

Selection research often examines whether adverse impact can be reduced/eliminated from employment practices. Such research, however, largely ignores the influence of minority availability issues (i.e., the number of minorities who apply and the number of minorities who accept a job offer); three general factors comprise minority availability: the missing applicant problem, targeted recruitment and job refusal rates. As minority availability issues have not been systematically addressed in the broader literature, the purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to highlight the importance of and explicate a comprehensive description of their potential effects on adverse impact and 2) to demonstrate such effects through monte carlo simulations. Specifically, simulations were used to examine issues related to the level effects and covariance effects of minority availability on adverse impact. Therefore, an iterative process was used whereby minority availability factors were manipulated to produce combinations that meaningfully affect adverse impact; the goal was to conduct as many simulations as necessary to establish a reliable pattern of the effects of minority availability on adverse impact. Simulation results suggest minority availability issues can influence the detection of adverse impact. In fact, minority availability issues may hinder efforts to reduce adverse impact in some selection contexts. Implications of these results are discussed. / Ph. D.

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of tulathromycin (Draxxin®; 2.5 mg/kg once) after intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and slow intravenous (IV) administration to six adult horses. A three-phase design and 4-week washout period were used. Drug concentrations in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated using noncompartmental analysis. Following SC and IM administration, all horses exhibited sweating, discomfort, and periods of recumbency. As signs were more severe after SC administration this route was only used in 3/6 horses. Intravenous administration of tulathromycin was well tolerated in all horses. Mean bioavailability was 99.4% IM and 115% SC. Mean maximum plasma concentration was 645 ng/ml IM and 373 ng/ ml SC. Mean half-life was 59.8 h, 54.8 h, and 57.9 h for IV, IM, and SC administration, respectively. Mean clearance was 3.25 ml/kg/min, and mean volume of distribution was 16.8 L/kg following IV administration. Drug was detectable in plasma and BAL samples for 120 h following all routes; however, adverse effects may prevent IM use and SC use is not recommended. Tulathromycin may be a practical and affordable antibacterial for use in adult equine patients. / Master of Science / In human and veterinary medicine, antibacterial drugs are a mainstay of treatment. Antibacterials have been used for almost 100 years to prevent microbial organism infection, and as a treatment once there is an established infection. Although there are multiple "classes" of antibacterials that have different spectrums of activity and mechanisms of action, antibacterial resistance has become increasingly prevalent over time. The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance has led to recommendations that medical practitioners be more judicious in the use of these drugs and to prescribe antibacterials to patients only when necessary. In equine medicine, once an antibacterial is deemed necessary, there are additional considerations, including administration method, frequency of administration, and availability and cost of antibacterial drugs. Tulathromycin, a long-acting semi-synthetic macrolide, is an antibacterial that is approved for use in cattle and swine and may have utility for equine patients for a variety of conditions. This study in healthy adult horses demonstrated that tulathromycin was detectable in plasma and the respiratory tract for up to 5 days after single dose administration. Thus, tulathromycin may be a practical and affordable antibacterial for use in equine patients.

Yes / This paper investigates the influence that information asymmetry may possess upon the future volatility, liquidity, market toxicity and returns within cryptocurrency markets. We use the adverse selection component of the effective spread as a proxy for overall information asymmetry. Using order and trade data from the Bitfinex Exchange, we first document statistically significant adverse selection costs for major cryptocurrencies. Our results also suggest that adverse selection costs, on average, correspond to ten percent of the estimated effective spread, indicating an economically significant impact of adverse selection risk on transaction costs in cryptocurrency markets. We finally document that adverse selection costs are important predictors of intraday volatility, liquidity, market toxicity, and returns. / Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi. Grant Number: Outstanding Young Scientist. / The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 11 Jan 2025.

Ces travaux de recherche portent sur la caractérisation des phénomènes instationnaires associés aux écoulements décollés induits à la fois par un gradient de pression adverse et un effet de courbure. Ce type de décollement est très couramment rencontré, en particulier dans le secteur des transports. Cette étude repose sur une approche purement expérimentale réalisée en canal hydrodynamique à l’aide de techniques de mesure non intrusives permettant de ne pas dénaturer la dynamique très sensible du phénomène de décollement de couche limite. Le décollement est, dans notre cas de figure, provoqué par un obstacle 2dne présentant pas de rupture de pente. Le régime d’écoulement étudié est principalement turbulent et la gamme des nombres de Kármán analysée s’étale de 60 à 730. L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets Reynolds sur l’étendue et l’existence même du phénomène de décollement de couche limite, mais également sur la dynamique des instabilités, identifiées à plus bas régime dans la littérature. Les mesures effectuées dans le cadre de ces travaux ont tout d’abord permis de constituer une base de donnéesexpérimentale étoffée, et d’établir que le décollement de couche limite ainsi que les instabilités induites par celui-ci, identifiées en régime laminaire, persistent à plus haut nombre de Kármán. Les fréquences associées aux instabilités ont également été identifiées ainsi que les paramètres caractéristiques pilotant leur dynamique. La dynamique spatio-temporelle de ces instabilités et en particulier celle du phénomène debattement du bulbe décollé a été détaillée notamment par le biais d’une analyse stochastique. Finalement, la répartition relativement étendue des grandes échelles tourbillonnaires associées aux mécanismes instables (soulignée notamment par leur émergence spectrale large bande) a également été mise en évidence, ainsi que certains phénomènes dynamiques secondaires. L’ensemble de ces résultats et en particulier l’identification des paramètres clés pilotant la dynamique du décollement de la couche limite s’avèreront très utiles en vue de concevoir par la suite des modèles simplifiés reproduisant le plus fidèlement possible la dynamique des décollements afin de mieux pouvoir les contrôler. / These investigations concern the characterization of unsteady phenomena associated to the boundary layer separation induced by both an adverse pressure gradient and a curvature effects. This kind of separation is very usual, particularly in the transport field. This study, essentially based on an experimental approach, is carried out in an hydrodynamic channel using non intrusive measurement techniques. They respect the very sensitive dynamics of the boundary layer separation phenomenon. The separation is, in our case, induced by a 2d obstacle without sharp corner. The studied flow regime is mainly turbulentand the analyzed Kármán number ranges from 60 to 730. The main aim of this study is to estimate the Reynolds number effects on the boundary layer separation length and even on the existence of such phenomenon, but also on the instabilities dynamics, identified in the literature especially for laminar flow regime. The measurements made within the framework of these works allowed, first to built a large experimental database, and secondly to establish that the boundary layer separation and also the associate instabilities, identified for laminar flow, persist even for higher Kármán number. The frequencies associated to the instabilities phenomena have been also identified as well as the characteristic parameters driving their dynamics. The instabilities space-time dynamic, in particular those of the flapping phenomenon were detailed using stochastic analysis. Finally, the large scales distribution associated with the unstable mechanisms (underlined by their spectral broadband frequency range) were also highlighted, as well asothers secondary dynamic phenomena. All these results, especially the identification of the key parameters driving the boundary layer separation, will turn out very useful to design afterward simplified models reproducing as faithfully as possible the separation dynamics and to be able to control them better.

by Chan Hung Chuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-151). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.viii / Content --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1. --- Free radical and free radical-mediated antitumor drugs --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Mitomycin C (MC) / Chapter 2.1 --- Drug actions of MC --- p.2 / Chapter 2.2 --- Adverse side effects of MC --- p.5 / Chapter 3. --- Doxorubicin (DOX) / Chapter 3.1 --- Drug actions of DOX --- p.7 / Chapter 3.2 --- Adverse side effects of DOX --- p.8 / Chapter 4. --- Antioxidants --- p.14 / Chapter 5. --- Effects of exogenous ATP on the antitumor activity of Doxorubicin and Mitomycin C / Chapter 5.1 --- Glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes --- p.17 / Chapter 5.2 --- Glutathione (GSH) and Anticancer Quinones --- p.19 / Chapter 5.3 --- Glutathione and the cardiac toxicity of the anticancer drugs --- p.20 / Chapter 5.4 --- Glutathione depletion in tumor cells by exogenous ATP --- p.21 / Chapter 6. --- Aim of research --- p.24 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON DOXORUBICIN- OR MITOMYCIN C-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY ON HUMAN TUMOR AND NORMAL CELL LINES / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.60 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- STUDY OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ANTIOXIDANTS AGAINST DOXORUBICIN- OR MITOMYCIN C-INDUCED TOXICITY BY LANGENDORFF PERFUEED ISOLATED RAT HEART MODEL / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.76 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS DURING CHEMOTHERAPY OF DOXORUBICIN OR MITOMYCIN C IN TUMOR-BEARING MICE / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.93 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- HISTOLOGICAL STUDY AND LIPID PEROXIDATION STUDY OF PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN TUMOR-BEARING MICE TREATED WITH DOXORUBICIN OR MITOMYCIN C / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.95 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.103 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.117 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ATP ON THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF DOXORUBICIN AND MITOMYCIN C ON CULTURED HUMAN HEPATOMA CELLS / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.124 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.126 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.136 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.139 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future perspective --- p.141 / Bibliography --- p.142

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01